thai-language.comInternet resource
for the Thai language
Lookup:

» more options here
F.A.Q.Check out the list of frequently asked questions for a quick answer to your inquiry!
•  e-mail the author
•  control panel
•  go to guestbook
•  guestbook archive
•  site news
•  site kudos
Browse
¡¢£¤¥
¦§¨©ª
«¬­®¯
°±²³´
µ·¸¹
º»¼½¾
¿ÀÁÂÃ
ÄÅÇÈÉ
ÊËÌÍÎ
Thanks for your
recent donations!

Jun 2, 2008:
Very many thanks to a
generous benefactor
for a major donation
Michael Fuchs $50
Lim. S. $5
Linda V. 36¢
John A. $25
Steven S. $10
R.S.T. $5
John Karl L. $150!
Randal S. $10
Blake $40
Pehko M. $20
Narisa N. $30
Dennis F. $10
Anderson K. H. $10
Gavin K. $30
Sirintip M. $10
Anderson H. $10
David B. $10
William S. $10
Otto Y. $2
Philippe B. $30
Edna T. $10
Get e-mail
Sign-up to join our mailing list. You'll receive email notification when this site is updated. Your privacy is guaranteed; this list is not sold, shared, or used for any other purpose. Click here for more information.

To unsubscribe, click here
WelcomeLessonsDictionaryCategoriesReferenceMessage BoardsLinks and Frequently Asked QuestionsOnline Store

ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ  sapL phaH naamM
pronunciation guide
Phonemic ThaiÊѺ-¾Ð-¹ÒÁ
IPAsàppʰánaːm
Royal Thai General Systemsapphanam

¤ÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁ  khamM sapL phaH naamM  [noun, plural, formal]
definition
[grammar] pronoun; pronouns

categories
related wordÊ.[abbreviation for] ¤ÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁ; a pronoun
examples¤ÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁºØÃØÉ·ÕèÊͧkhamM sapL phaH naamM booL rootL theeF saawngR[grammar] Second Person Pronoun
¤ÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁºØÃØÉ·ÕèÊÒÁkhamM sapL phaH naamM booL rootL theeF saamR[grammar] Third Person Pronouns
¤ÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁºØÃØÉ·Õè˹Öè§
khamM sapL phaH naamM booL rootL theeF neungL
[grammar] First Person Pronoun
»Ãоѹ¸ÊÃþ¹ÒÁbpraL phanM thaH sapL phaH naamM[Thai grammar] relative pronoun
sample
sentences
¤ÓÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×ͤӷÕè·Ó˹éÒ·Õè»ÃСͺ¤Ó¹ÒÁ, ¤ÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁ, ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ áÅФÓÇÔàÈɳì´éÇ¡ѹãËéä´é¤ÇÒÁªÑ´à¨¹ÂÔè§¢Öé¹ µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ àªè¹
khamM wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khamM theeF thamM naaF theeF bpraL gaawpL khamM naamM khamM sapL phaH naamM khamM gaL riH yaaM laeH khamM wiH saeht[n]L duayF ganM haiF daiF khwaamM chatH jaehnM yingF kheunF dtuaaM yaangL chehnF
A “modifier” is a word which serves the role of associating with a noun, pronoun, verb, or other modifier in order to bring greater clarity to it. Some examples are:
¤ÓÇÔàÈɳ쪹Դ¹Õé ¶éÒÁÕ¤Ó¹ÒÁËÃ×ÍÊÃþ¹ÒÁÁÒÃѺ¢éÒ§ËÅѧ ¹ÑºÇèÒà»ç¹¤ÓºØ¾º· àªè¹
khamM wiH saeht[n]L chaH nitH neeH thaaF meeM khamM naamM reuuR sapL phaH naamM maaM rapH khaangF langR napH waaF bpenM khamM boopL phaH bohtL chehnF
With respect to this type of word, if there is a noun or a pronoun following it, the word will serve the function of a preposition, for example,
ãªéá·¹¹ÒÁËÃ×ÍÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·ÕèÍÂÙè¢éҧ˹éÒ
chaiH thaaenM naamM reuuR sapL phaH naamM theeF yuuL khaangF naaF
[They] are used in place of nouns or pronouns which occur before the relative clause.
µéͧàÃÕ§äÇéã¡ÅéªÔ´µÔ´µè͡Ѻ¹ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·ÕèÁѹ᷹
dtaawngF riiangM waiH glaiF chitH dtitL dtaawL gapL naamM reuuR sapL phaH naamM theeF manM thaaenM
[They] must be placed adjacent to their related noun or pronoun.
µéͧàÃÕ§äÇé¢éÒ§ËÅѧ¤ÓÍ×è¹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¤Ó¹ÒÁ áÅÐÊÃþ¹ÒÁ
dtaawngF riiangM waiH khaangF langR khamM euunL naawkF jaakL khamM naamM laeH sapL phaH naamM
[They] must be placed after another word excluding nouns and pronouns.
ã¹»ÃÐ⤷Õè˹Öè§ ¡ÒÅÇÔàÈɳì»ÃСͺ¹ÒÁ, »ÃÐ⤷Õè ò »ÃСͺÊÃþ¹ÒÁ, »ÃÐ⤷Õè ó »ÃСͺ¡ÃÔÂÒ, »ÃÐ⤷Õè ô »ÃСͺÇÔàÈɳì
naiM bpraL yohkL theeF neungL gaanM wiH saeht[n]L bpraL gaawpL naamM bpraL yohkL theeF saawngR bpraL gaawpL sapL phaH naamM bpraL yohkL theeF saamR bpraL gaawpL gaL riH yaaM bpraL yohkL theeF seeL bpraL gaawpL wiH saeht[n]L
In the first sentence the time modifier is associated with a noun; in the second sentence it is associated with a pronoun; in the third sentence the modifier is associated with a verb; and, in the fourth, it is associated with another modifier.
»ÃСͺ¤ÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁ
bpraL gaawpL khamM sapL phaH naamM
associating with and modifying pronouns
»ÃеÔàɸÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁ»¯Ôàʸ ËÃ×ÍäÁèÂÍÁÃѺ àªè¹ äÁè, ÁÔ ãªè, äÁèãªè, º, ºè, ºèÁÔ, ºÃÒ§, Ä, Äå, ÁÔä´é, äÁèä´é, ËÒäÁè, ËÒ...äÁè, ËÒÁÔä´é, äÁè...ÁÔä´é, äÁè...ËÒÁÔä´é ¤Ó»ÃеÔàɸÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¨Ð»¯Ôàʸ·Õè¹ÒÁ ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ ¡ÃÔÂÒ ËÃ×Í ÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¡çä´é
bpraL dtiL saehtL wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khamM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM bpaL dtiL saehtL reuuR maiF yaawmM rapH chehnF maiF miH chaiF maiF chaiF baawM baawL baawL miH bawL raangM reuuM miH daiF maiF daiF haaR maiF haaR maiF haaR miH daiF maiF miH daiF maiF haaR miH daiF khamM bpraL dtiL saehtL wiH saeht[n]L jaL bpaL dtiL saehtL theeF naamM sapL phaH naamM gaL riH yaaM reuuR wiH saeht[n]L gaawF daiF
“Negative modifiers” are modifying words which indicate refusal or unacceptability, for example, “not,” (etc.) [The meanings of the Thai words in the list are similar.] These negative modifiers can be associated with nouns, pronouns, verbs, or other modifiers.
à»ç¹ÇԡѵԡÒá¢Í§¹ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·ÕèÍÂÙè¢éҧ˹éÒ
bpenM wiH gatL gaaM rohkH khaawngR naamM reuuR sapL phaH naamM theeF yuuL khaangF naaF
[They] refer to the (antecedent) nouns or pronouns which precede them.
ËÁÒÂà赯 ¤ÓÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¹Í¡¨Ò¡·Ó˹éÒ·Õè»ÃСͺ¹ÒÁ ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ ¡ÃÔÂÒ ÇÔàÈɳì áÅéÇÂѧ·Ó˹éÒ·Õèà»ç¹Í¡ÃÃÁ¡ÃÔÂÒä´é´éÇ àªè¹
maayR haehtL khamM wiH saeht[n]L naawkF jaakL thamM naaF theeF bpraL gaawpL naamM sapL phaH naamM gaL riH yaaM wiH saeht[n]L laaeoH yangM thamM naaF theeF bpenM aL gamM maH gaL riH yaaM daiF duayF chehnF
Comment: A modifier, in addition to being associated with a noun or pronoun, verb or another modifier, may also serve as an intransitive verb as well, for example,

click here to submit a correction, drawing, image, audio recording, or comment for this page

click here to e-mail this page to a friend

page cached 8/30/2008 4:37:46 AM   online source for this page


Copyright © 2008 thai-language.com. Portions copyright © by original authors, rights reserved, used by permission; Portions 17 USC §107.