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¾Íà¾Õ§

phaawM phiiangM
pronunciation guide
Phonemic Thai¾Í-à¾Õ§
IPApʰɔː pʰiːaŋ
Royal Thai General Systempho phiang

1.   [adjective]
definition
enough; sufficient

components¾Í phaawM[is] sufficient; [does] suffice; [is] adequate; enough
à¾Õ§ phiiangMonly; up until the point; as much as; as far as; till; just until
sample
sentences
¡Òþٴ¨Ò »¯ÔºÑµÔµ¹¡çµéͧ¾Íà¾Õ§ ÊÓËÃѺÀÒÉÒä·ÂÍÂÒ¡ãËé¾Ô¨ÒÃ³Ò ô ËÑÇ¢éÍ ¤×Í
gaanM phuutF jaaM bpaL dtiL batL dtohnM gaawF dtaawngF phaawM phiiangM samR rapL phaaM saaR thaiM yaakL haiF phiH jaaM raH naaM seeL huaaR khaawF kheuuM
Our speech and our actions should be sufficient and moderate. As applied to our Thai language, I would like you to think about four issues. These are:
¾ÃкҷÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐà¨éÒÍÂÙèËÑǷç͸ԺÒÂÇèÒ¾Íà¾Õ§¤×;ͻÃÐÁÒ³ äÁèÊØ´âµè§ áµèµéͧäÁèä»àºÕ´àºÕ¹¤¹Í×è¹ àªè¹¡Ñ¹
phraH baatL sohmR detL phraH jaoF yuuL huaaR sohngM aL thiH baayM waaF phaawM phiiangM kheuuM phaawM bpraL maanM maiF sootL dtohngL dtaaeL dtaawngF maiF bpaiM biiatL biianM khohnM euunL chehnF ganM
His Majesty the King explained that the term /phaawM phiiangM/ (sufficiency) means “moderate” and “fair”, “not extreme”; likewise, we should not exploit others.
àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè òö ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á ¾Å.Í.à»ÃÁµÔ³ÊÙÅÒ¹¹·ì »Ãиҹͧ¤Á¹µÃÕ à»ç¹»Ãиҹà»Ô´§Ò¹ÊÑÁÁ¹ÒàÃ×èͧÀÒÉÒä·Â ¾.È. ¾Íà¾Õ§à¹×èͧã¹ÇѹÀÒÉÒä·ÂáËè§ªÒµÔ Çѹ·Õè òù ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á (òõõñ)
meuuaF wanM theeF yeeF sipL hohkL gaL raH gaL daaM khohmM phohnM aehkL bpraehmM dtinM suuR laaM nohn[t]M bpraL thaanM ohngM khaH mohnM dtreeM bpenM bpraL thaanM bpeertL ngaanM samR maH naaM reuuangF phaaM saaR thaiM phaawM phiiangM neuuangF naiM wanM phaaM saaR thaiM haengL chaatF wanM theeF yeeF sipL gaoF gaL raH gaL daaM khohmM saawngR haaF haaF neungL
On July 26th, General Prem Tinsulanonda, President of the Privy Council, acted as the chair in opening the seminar entitled, “The Thai Language in the Era of Sufficiency.” (This seminar) was being held on the occasion of the National Language Day, July 29th (2008).
2. ¤ÇÒÁ¾Íà¾Õ§  khwaamM phaawM phiiangM  [noun]
definition
sufficiency

components¤ÇÒÁkhwaamM[a prefix which converts an adjective or verb into a noun]
¾Í phaawM[is] sufficient; [does] suffice; [is] adequate; enough
à¾Õ§ phiiangMonly; up until the point; as much as; as far as; till; just until
sample
sentences
ñ. ¡ÒÃãªéÀÒÉÒ ¤¹ä·ÂµéͧãªéÀÒÉÒä·ÂÍÂèÒ§¶Ù¡µéͧ ¶éÒäÁè¶Ù¡µéͧ¤×Í¢Ò´¤ÇÒÁ¾Íà¾Õ§
neungL gaanM chaiH phaaM saaR khohnM thaiM dtaawngF chaiH phaaM saaR thaiM yaangL thuukL dtaawngF thaaF maiF thuukL dtaawngF kheuuM khaatL khwaamM phaawM phiiangM
1. The use of language. Thais must use their language correctly; if they do not use it correctly, they lack “sufficiency.”
ô. ¡ÒþѲ¹ÒÀÒÉÒ à»ç¹Ë¹éÒ·Õè¢Í§¹Ñ¡»ÃÒª­ìÃÒªºÑ³±Ôµ·Ñé§ËÅÒ µéͧ令ԴÇèÒ...¨Ð¾Ñ²¹ÒÀÒÉÒä´éÍÂèÒ§äúéÒ§ ÍÒ¨¡Ó˹´ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃãªéÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µì ¡ÒÃѹµì ¡ÒÃÍÍ¡àÊÕ§ à¾×èÍãËéÀÒÉÒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¾Íà¾Õ§
seeL gaanM phatH thaH naaM phaaM saaR bpenM naaF theeF khaawngR nakH bpraat[n]L raatF chaH banM ditL thangH laayR dtaawngF bpaiM khitH waaF jaL phatH thaH naaM phaaM saaR daiF yaangL raiM baangF aatL gamM nohtL wiH theeM gaanM chaiH wanM naH yook[d]H gaaM ran[d]M gaanM aawkL siiangR pheuuaF haiF phaaM saaR meeM khwaamM phaawM phiiangM
4. The development of (our) language is the responsibility of the scholars at the (Royal) Institute who should be thinking about how the language should be improved. Perhaps they should set forth methods for the use of tone marks; the silencer mark; and, methods of pronunciation so that (our) language can attain sufficiency, (moderation, and fairness).

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