| |
|
1.  [adverb]
|
| definition | [adverbial word indicating past tense] in the past; completed; still; to make done
|
| related words | ä´é  | daiF | [auxiliary verb indicating present and present perfect—action which happened in the past and continues to the present] did |
äÇé  | waiH | [adverbial word that indicates past tense] |
| examples | à¡ÉÕ³áÅéÇ | gaL siianR laaeoH | [formal] to retire (from work) |
¤¹ÊèǹãË褧¨ÐÃÙé¼ÅÃéÒ¢ͧ¡ÒõÃÖ§ÃÒ¤ÒÊÔ¹¤éÒáÅéÇÇèÒ ·ÕèÊØ´¨ÐÂÔè§«éÓàµÔÁÊè§¼ÅÃéÒ¡ѺÀÒÇФèÒ¤ÃͧªÕ¾ khohnM suaanL yaiL khohngM jaL ruuH phohnR raayH khaawngR gaanM dtreungM raaM khaaM sinR khaaH laaeoH waaF theeF sootL jaL yingF sahmH dteermM sohngL phohnR raayH gapL phaaM waH khaaF khraawngM cheepFMost people are already aware of the deleterious effects of fixing the price of goods and believe that in the end (price fixing) will only intensify the negative impact on their cost of living. |
¤ÃÑé§·ÕèáÅéÇ  | khrangH theeF laaeoH | last time |
¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·Õè»ÃСͺ¤Ó¹ÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â ËÃ×Íà»ç¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì áµèä´éãªéã¹ÀÒÉÒä·ÂÁÒ¨¹¶×Íà»ç¹¤Óä·ÂáÅéÇ ãËéÇÒ§¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ìäÇéËÅѧ¤Ó¹ÒÁ àªè¹ khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF bpraL gaawpL khahmM naamM theeF bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM reuuR bpenM khahmM thapH sap[t]L dtaaeL daiF chaiH naiM phaaM saaR thaiM maaM johnM theuuR bpenM khahmM thaiM laaeoH haiF waangM khahmM khoonM sap[t]L waiH langR khahmM naamM chehnFIf an adjective is combined with a native Thai noun or a transcribed word which has a long history of usage and this is treated as a native Thai word, the adjective should be placed behind the noun (as in standard Thai grammar conventions). |
¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¹Ò¹¨¹¶×Íà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â áÅлÃÒ¡¯ã¹¾¨¹Ò¹Ø¡ÃÁ©ºÑºÃÒªºÑ³±ÔµÂʶҹáÅéÇ ãËéãªé µèÍ仵ÒÁà´ÔÁ àªè¹ ªçÍ¡â¡àŵ ªçÍ¡â¡áŵ àªÔéµ ¡êÒ« á¡êÊ khahmM thapH sap[t]L theeF chaiH ganM maaM naanM johnM theuuR bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM laeH bpraaM gohtL naiM phohtH jaL naaM nooH grohmM chaL bapL raatF chaH banM thitH dtaL yaH saL thaanR laaeoH haiF chaiH dtaawL bpaiM dtaamM deermM chehnF chawkH gohM laehtF chawkH gohM laaetF cheertH gaasH gaaetHSome transcribed words have been used (by Thais) for so long that they are considered Thai words and are already included in the Royal Institute Dictionary of the Thai Language. These transcribed forms should continue to be utilized. Such words include the Thai words for “chocolate,” “shirt,” and “gas.” |
¤ÓÇÔÊÒÁҹ¹ÒÁ·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¹Ò¹áÅéÇ ÍÒ¨ãªéµèÍ仵ÒÁà´ÔÁ khahmM wiH saaR maanM yaH naamM theeF chaiH ganM maaM naanM laaeoH aatL chaiH dtaawL bpaiM dtaamM deermMProper nouns whose transcriptions have a long historical usage shall continue to be utilized |
á¤èૹª×èÍã¹ÊÑÒ©ºÑº¹Õé ͸Ժ´Õ¡ç¿Ñ¹ä»ËÅÒÂÅéÒ¹ºÒ·áÅéÇ khaaeF saehnM cheuuF naiM sanR yaaM chaL bapL neeH aL thipH deeM gawF fanM bpaiM laayR laanH baatL laaeoH"He only needs to sign this contract and the chief official will get many millions of baht." |
ªÑèÇâÁ§·ÕèáÅéÇ  | chuaaF mohngM theeF laaeoH | one hour ago |
à´×͹·ÕèáÅéÇ  | deuuanM theeF laaeoH | last month |
µÒÂáÅéÇ  | dtaayM laaeoH | [exclamation of shock or disbelief] "Oh no!" — "Horrible!" — "Terrible" — "Damn it!" — "Oh, my..." |
µÒÂáÅéÇ | dtaayM laaeoH | already dead; dead; died |
ᵡáÅéÇ  | dtaaekL laaeoH | broken |
·ÕèáÅéÇ | theeF laaeoH | previous; previously; ago, in the past |
·ÕèÊÔ鹪ÕÇÔµä»áÅéÇ | theeF sinF cheeM witH bpaiM laaeoH | deceased |
¹Ò¹ÁÒáÅéÇ | naanM maaM laaeoH | for a long time (from the past to now) |
»ÃÐà·È¾Ñ²¹ÒáÅéÇ | bpraL thaehtF phatH naaM laaeoH | developed countries; a country which has been developed already |
à»ç¹¼ÙéãËèáÅéÇ  | bpenM phuuF yaiL laaeoH | "is already grown" — [Thai definition of] mature; grown-up |
¼èÒ¹ä»áÅéÇ | phaanL bpaiM laaeoH | through; finished; over with something |
|
¾èÍáÁè·Ø¡¤¹¹Í¡¨Ò¡»ÃÒö¹Ò¨ÐãËéÅÙ¡ÁÒ´ÙáÅàÍÒã¨ãÊèáÅéÇ phaawF maaeF thookH khohnM naawkF jaakL bpraatL thaL naaM jaL haiF luukF maaM duuM laaeM aoM jaiM saiL laaeoHEvery parent, in addition to wishing that their child will come look after and take care of them, |
ÁѹÁÑ¡¨ÐªÙ¤Í¢Í§Áѹ¢Öé¹ÊÙ§áÅéǨ֧¡Ñ´ manM makH jaL chuuM khaawM khaawngR manM kheunF suungR laaeoH jeungM gatLit usually lifts its neck up high, then strikes. |
ÁÒËÅÒÂÇѹáÅéÇ | maaM laayR wanM laaeoH | a few days ago |
àÁ×è͹ҹÁÒáÅéÇ | meuuaF naanM maaM laaeoH | long ago |
|
¡àÇ鹪×èÍ·Õèà¤ÂãªéÁÒ¹Ò¹áÅéÇä´éá¡è yohkH wehnH cheuuF theeF kheeuyM chaiH maaM naanM laaeoH daiF gaaeLAn exception is made for names which have been translated prior to this time and these translations have been used historically, including: |
ÅèǧÁÒáÅéÇ | luaangF maaM laaeoH | ago |
àÅÔ¡áÅéÇ  | leerkF laaeoH | through; finished; over; done |
áÅéÇàÊÃç¨ | laaeoH setL | to finish; complete |
ÊͧÇѹ·ÕèáÅéÇ  | saawngR wanM theeF laaeoH | two days ago |
|
àÊ×éͼéÒ·Õè«Ñ¡áÅéÇ  | seuuaF phaaF theeF sakH laaeoH | laundry; washed clothes |
ËÂèҡѹáÅéÇ  | yaaL ganM laaeoH | divorced |
ÍÒ·ÔµÂì·ÕèáÅéÇ | aaM thit[y]H theeF laaeoH | last week |
sample sentences | |
¡èÍáÅéǵéͧÊÒ¹ gaawL laaeoH dtaawngF saanR"Never do things by halves." |
|
|
|
¡Ô¹àÊÃç¨áÅéÇ ginM setL laaeoH"I already ate!" |
¡Ù¿Ñ¹ä»àÃÕºÃéÍÂáÅéÇ guuM fanM bpaiM riiapF raawyH laaeoH"I’ve had sex with her already." |
¢Í§¹Í¡¡ÒÂàÃÒ¹ÕéÁÕáÅéÇËÒäÁèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹àÊ×èÍÁä» ¨Ðä´éÍÂÙ觤§·¹ËÒÁÔä´é khaawngR naawkF gaayM raoM neeH meeM laaeoH haaR maiF geertL kheunF seuuamL bpaiM jaL daiF yuuL yohngM khohngM thohnM haaR miH daiFThere is nothing in our external body that we can retain; we are born, then we disintegrate; we have nothing that will last permanently. |
à¢Ò¡ÅѺºéÒ¹ä»áÅéǤÃѺ khaoR glapL baanF bpaiM laaeoH khrapH[spoken by male] "He has gone home already." |
|
à¢Ò«ØèÁÃÍàÇÅÒ·ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÁã¹Í¹Ò¤µ «Öè§»ÃÐàÁÔ¹áÅéǡ礧äÁè¹Ò¹ khaoR soomF raawM waehM laaM theeF mawL sohmR naiM aL naaM khohtH seungF bpraL meernM laaeoH gawF khohngM maiF naanM"They secretly await the right time in the future which they estimate to be not far off." |
|
à¢ÒäÁèʺÒÂÁÒÊÒÁà´×͹¡ÇèÒáÅéÇ khaoR maiF saL baayM maaM saamR deuuanM gwaaL laaeoH"He has been unwell for more than three months already." |
|
|
|
|
¤¹¢ÑºÃ¶¡Ô¹¢éÒÇáÅéǤèÐ khohnM khapL rohtH ginM khaaoF laaeoH khaF[spoken by a female] "The driver has eaten already." |
¤¹Êǹ·Ó§Ò¹äÁè´Õ à¢Ò¨Ö§¶Ù¡äÅèÍÍ¡ä»áÅéÇ khohnM suaanR thahmM ngaanM maiF deeM khaoR jeungM thuukL laiF aawkL bpaiM laaeoH"The gardener did his work badly so he has been discharged." |
|
¤Ô´áÅéǨ֧à¨Ã¨Ò khitH laaeoH jeungM jaehnM jaaM"A word and a stone let go cannot be called back." |
¤Õµ¡ÇÕãËè æ ¢Í§âÅ¡Åéǹà¤Â¶Ù¡¹Ñ¡ÇÔ¨Òóì«Öè§µÒÁäÁè·Ñ¹â¨ÁµÕáËÅ¡ÅÒÁÒáÅéÇ·Ñé§¹Ñé¹ kheeM dtaL gweeM yaiL yaiL khaawngR lohkF luaanH kheeuyM thuukL nakH wiH jaan[n]M seungF dtaamM maiF thanM johmM dteeM laaekL laanM maaM laaeoH thangH nanH"World-renown composers of music have always been heavily criticized by critics who cannot understand (their artistic expressions)." |
¤Ø³áÁè¢ÍÃѺ, ¼Á¡ÅѺÁÒáÅéÇ¢ÍÃѺ khoonM maaeF khaawR rapH phohmR glapL maaM laaeoH khaawR rapHMother dear [khorap]; I have returned [khorap]. |
¤Ø³ÍÂÙèàÁ×ͧä·ÂÁÒ¹Ò¹à·èÒäËÃèáÅéǤÐ khoonM yuuL meuuangM thaiM maaM naanM thaoF raiL laaeoH khaH[spoken by female] "How long have you been living in Thailand?" |
|
¨´ËÁÒÂà¢Õ¹àÊÃç¨áÅéǤÃѺ johtL maayR khiianR setL laaeoH khrapH[spoken by male] "I have finished the letter." |
¨´ËÁÒÂàÊÃç¨áÅéÇËÃ×ÍÂѧ johtL maayR setL laaeoH reuuR yangM"Have you finished the letter yet?" |
¨ÐÍÒ àÇÅÒà¾×è͹ÃÙéÇèÒâµáÅéÇÂѧ©Õèô·Õè¹Í¹ÍÕ¡ jaL aayM waehM laaM pheuuanF ruuH waaF dtohM laaeoH yangM cheeL rohtH theeF naawnM eekL"(He) will be embarassed when his friends find out that, even though he's grown, he still wets the bed." |
¨Ó¹Ç¹¤¹·ÕèÁÒÃèÇÁ¡ÒêØÁ¹ØÁàÃÔèÁ¨ÐàºÒºÒ§Å§áÅéÇ jahmM nuaanM khohnM theeF maaM ruaamF gaanM choomM noomM reermF jaL baoM baangM lohngM laaeoH"The number of people joining rallies is beginning to lessen already." |
|
©Ñ¹ä»àªÕ§ãËÁèàÁ×èÍ ò »Õ·ÕèáÅéÇ chanR bpaiM chiiangM maiL meuuaF saawngR bpeeM theeF laaeoH"I went to Chiang Mai two years ago." |
©Ñ¹äÁèä´é¾ºà¢ÒÁÒ¹Ò¹áÅéÇ chanR maiF daiF phohpH khaoR maaM naanM laaeoH"I haven’t seen him for a long time." |
©Ñ¹Íèҹ˹ѧÊ×ÍàÅèÁ¹ÕéáÅéǤèÐ chanR aanL nangR seuuR lehmF neeH laaeoH khaF[spoken by female] "I have read this book already." |
|
|
|
|
µºËÑÇáÅéÇÅÙºËÅѧ dtohpL huaaR laaeoH luupF langR"A kiss after a kick!" |
|
|
|