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áÅéÇ  laaeoH
contents of this page
1.áÅéÇlaaeoH[adverbial word indicating past tense] in the past; completed; still; to make done
2.áÅéÇlaaeoHto complete; to come to an end
3.áÅéÇlaaeoH[placed in or at the end of a sentence indicating confirmation]
4.áÅéÇlaaeoHalready
5.áÅéÇlaaeoH[indicating the ordering of events] go on (with); carry on; proceed; then; afterwards
6.áÅéÇlaaeoH[placed in front of ·ÓäÁ  or ÍÂèÒ§äà (how, why or how come) indicating a purpose and cause]
7.áÅéÇlaaeoHafter all; eventually; in the end; any more
8.áÅéÇlaaeoH[emphasizing an interrogative] really; indeed; ever
9.áÅéÇlaaeoH[agreement with the main sentence] and; then; if so
10.áÅéÇlaaeoH[a particle placed at the end of a sentence indicating present perfect (past continued to present)]
11.·ÕèáÅéÇtheeF laaeoHbygone(s); the past

pronunciation guide
Phonemic ThaiáÅéÇ
IPAlɛ́ːw
Royal Thai General Systemlaeo

1. common Thai word   [adverb]
definition
[adverbial word indicating past tense] in the past; completed; still; to make done

related wordsä´é daiF[auxiliary verb indicating present and present perfect—action which happened in the past and continues to the present] did
äÇé waiH[adverbial word that indicates past tense]
examplesà¡ÉÕ³áÅéÇgaL siianR laaeoH[formal] to retire (from work)
¤¹Êèǹã˭褧¨ÐÃÙé¼ÅÃéÒ¢ͧ¡ÒõÃÖ§ÃÒ¤ÒÊÔ¹¤éÒáÅéÇÇèÒ ·ÕèÊØ´¨ÐÂÔè§«éÓàµÔÁÊè§¼ÅÃéÒ¡ѺÀÒÇФèÒ¤ÃͧªÕ¾
khohnM suaanL yaiL khohngM jaL ruuH phohnR raayH khaawngR gaanM dtreungM raaM khaaM sinR khaaH laaeoH waaF theeF sootL jaL yingF sahmH dteermM sohngL phohnR raayH gapL phaaM waH khaaF khraawngM cheepF
Most people are already aware of the deleterious effects of fixing the price of goods and believe that in the end (price fixing) will only intensify the negative impact on their cost of living.
¤ÃÑé§·ÕèáÅéÇkhrangH theeF laaeoHlast time
¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·Õè»ÃСͺ¤Ó¹ÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â ËÃ×Íà»ç¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì áµèä´éãªéã¹ÀÒÉÒä·ÂÁÒ¨¹¶×Íà»ç¹¤Óä·ÂáÅéÇ ãËéÇÒ§¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ìäÇéËÅѧ¤Ó¹ÒÁ àªè¹
khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF bpraL gaawpL khahmM naamM theeF bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM reuuR bpenM khahmM thapH sap[t]L dtaaeL daiF chaiH naiM phaaM saaR thaiM maaM johnM theuuR bpenM khahmM thaiM laaeoH haiF waangM khahmM khoonM sap[t]L waiH langR khahmM naamM chehnF
If an adjective is combined with a native Thai noun or a transcribed word which has a long history of usage and this is treated as a native Thai word, the adjective should be placed behind the noun (as in standard Thai grammar conventions).
¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¹Ò¹¨¹¶×Íà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â áÅлÃÒ¡¯ã¹¾¨¹Ò¹Ø¡ÃÁ©ºÑºÃÒªºÑ³±ÔµÂʶҹáÅéÇ ãËéãªé µèÍ仵ÒÁà´ÔÁ àªè¹ ªçÍ¡â¡àŵ ªçÍ¡â¡áŵ àªÔéµ ¡êÒ« á¡êÊ
khahmM thapH sap[t]L theeF chaiH ganM maaM naanM johnM theuuR bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM laeH bpraaM gohtL naiM phohtH jaL naaM nooH grohmM chaL bapL raatF chaH banM thitH dtaL yaH saL thaanR laaeoH haiF chaiH dtaawL bpaiM dtaamM deermM chehnF chawkH gohM laehtF chawkH gohM laaetF cheertH gaasH gaaetH
Some transcribed words have been used (by Thais) for so long that they are considered Thai words and are already included in the Royal Institute Dictionary of the Thai Language. These transcribed forms should continue to be utilized. Such words include the Thai words for “chocolate,” “shirt,” and “gas.”
¤ÓÇÔÊÒÁҹ¹ÒÁ·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¹Ò¹áÅéÇ ÍÒ¨ãªéµèÍ仵ÒÁà´ÔÁ
khahmM wiH saaR maanM yaH naamM theeF chaiH ganM maaM naanM laaeoH aatL chaiH dtaawL bpaiM dtaamM deermM
Proper nouns whose transcriptions have a long historical usage shall continue to be utilized
á¤èૹª×èÍã¹ÊÑ­­Ò©ºÑº¹Õé ͸Ժ´Õ¡ç¿Ñ¹ä»ËÅÒÂÅéÒ¹ºÒ·áÅéÇ
khaaeF saehnM cheuuF naiM sanR yaaM chaL bapL neeH aL thipH deeM gawF fanM bpaiM laayR laanH baatL laaeoH
"He only needs to sign this contract and the chief official will get many millions of baht."
ªÑèÇâÁ§·ÕèáÅéÇchuaaF mohngM theeF laaeoHone hour ago
à´×͹·ÕèáÅéÇdeuuanM theeF laaeoHlast month
µÒÂáÅéÇdtaayM laaeoH[exclamation of shock or disbelief] "Oh no!" — "Horrible!" — "Terrible" — "Damn it!" — "Oh, my..."
µÒÂáÅéÇdtaayM laaeoHalready dead; dead; died
ᵡáÅéÇdtaaekL laaeoHbroken
·ÕèáÅéÇtheeF laaeoHprevious; previously; ago, in the past
·ÕèÊÔ鹪ÕÇÔµä»áÅéÇtheeF sinF cheeM witH bpaiM laaeoHdeceased
¹Ò¹ÁÒáÅéÇnaanM maaM laaeoHfor a long time (from the past to now)
»ÃÐà·È¾Ñ²¹ÒáÅéÇbpraL thaehtF phatH naaM laaeoHdeveloped countries; a country which has been developed already
à»ç¹¼ÙéãË­èáÅéÇbpenM phuuF yaiL laaeoH"is already grown" — [Thai definition of] mature; grown-up
¼èÒ¹ä»áÅéÇphaanL bpaiM laaeoHthrough; finished; over with something
¾èÍáÁè·Ø¡¤¹¡çËÒÂà˹×èÍÂáÅéÇ ÍÂèÒ·ÓãËé¾è͡ѺáÁè¼Ô´ËÇѧ¡çáÅéǡѹ
phaawF maaeF thookH khohnM gawF haayR neuuayL laaeoH yaaL thahmM haiF phaawF gapL maaeF phitL wangR gawF laaeoH ganM
then every parent will no longer be weary. Please do not disappoint your parents.
¾èÍáÁè·Ø¡¤¹¹Í¡¨Ò¡»ÃÒö¹Ò¨ÐãËéÅÙ¡ÁÒ´ÙáÅàÍÒã¨ãÊèáÅéÇ
phaawF maaeF thookH khohnM naawkF jaakL bpraatL thaL naaM jaL haiF luukF maaM duuM laaeM aoM jaiM saiL laaeoH
Every parent, in addition to wishing that their child will come look after and take care of them,
ÁѹÁÑ¡¨ÐªÙ¤Í¢Í§Áѹ¢Öé¹ÊÙ§áÅéǨ֧¡Ñ´
manM makH jaL chuuM khaawM khaawngR manM kheunF suungR laaeoH jeungM gatL
it usually lifts its neck up high, then strikes.
ÁÒËÅÒÂÇѹáÅéÇmaaM laayR wanM laaeoHa few days ago
àÁ×è͹ҹÁÒáÅéÇmeuuaF naanM maaM laaeoHlong ago
àÁ×èÍÁÕÊѨ¨ÐÃÑ¡à´ÕÂÇã¨à´ÕÂǵè͡ѹáÅéÇÍÂèÒ§Í×è¹àªè¹¤ÇÒÁàËç¹Í¡àËç¹ã¨¡Ñ¹ ¡ÒÃãËéÍÀÑ¡ѹ áÅФÇÒÁà¢éÒ㨡ѹ´Õ¡ç¨ÐµÒÁ¡Ñ¹ÁÒ
meuuaF meeM satL jaL rakH diaaoM jaiM diaaoM dtaawL ganM laaeoH yaangL euunL chehnF khwaamM henR ohkL henR jaiM ganM gaanM haiF aL phaiM ganM laeH khwaamM khaoF jaiM ganM deeM gawF jaL dtaamM ganM maaM
When you are honest and faithful to each other all other things will follow, such as empathy, forgiveness, and understanding.
¡àÇ鹪×èÍ·Õèà¤ÂãªéÁÒ¹Ò¹áÅéÇä´éá¡è
yohkH wehnH cheuuF theeF kheeuyM chaiH maaM naanM laaeoH daiF gaaeL
An exception is made for names which have been translated prior to this time and these translations have been used historically, including:
ÅèǧÁÒáÅéÇluaangF maaM laaeoHago
àÅÔ¡áÅéÇleerkF laaeoHthrough; finished; over; done
áÅéÇàÊÃç¨laaeoH setLto finish; complete
ÊͧÇѹ·ÕèáÅéÇsaawngR wanM theeF laaeoHtwo days ago
ÊÔè§·Õèà»ç¹Í¹ØÊµÔàµ×͹㨷ء½èÒÂãËéµéͧ¤Ó¹Ö§ä»¶Ö§à¾×èͨÐä´éäÁè¡éÒÇà´Ô¹º¹¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´¾ÅÒ´àËÁ×͹¡Ñº·Õèà¤Âà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÁÒáÅéÇ
singL theeF bpenM aL nooH saL dtiL dteuuanM jaiM thookH faayL haiF dtaawngF khahmM neungM bpaiM theungR pheuuaF jaL daiF maiF gaaoF deernM bohnM khwaamM phitL phlaatF meuuanR gapL theeF kheeuyM geertL kheunF maaM laaeoH
Every faction should be mindful of and constantly remind themselves of (certain principles) in order to avoid treading down the wrong path as they have in the past.
àÊ×éͼéÒ·Õè«Ñ¡áÅéÇseuuaF phaaF theeF sakH laaeoHlaundry; washed clothes
ËÂèҡѹáÅéÇyaaL ganM laaeoHdivorced
ÍÒ·ÔµÂì·ÕèáÅéÇaaM thit[y]H theeF laaeoHlast week
sample
sentences
¡çäÁèÁÕÍÐä÷Õè¼Á¨Ð·Óä´éáÅéÇÅèÐ
gawF maiF meeM aL raiM theeF phohmR jaL thahmM daiF laaeoH laF
"There's nothing I can do about it."
¡èÍáÅéǵéͧÊÒ¹
gaawL laaeoH dtaawngF saanR
"Never do things by halves."
¡ÒõѴÊԹ㨹Õéä´é¼èÒ¹¡ÒþԨÒóÒÍÂèÒ§Ãͺ¤ÍºáÅéÇ
gaanM dtatL sinR jaiM neeH daiF phaanL gaanM phiH jaaM raH naaM yaangL raawpF khaawpF laaeoH
"The decision was made with careful consideration."
¡ÒöèǧàÇÅÒÍÍ¡ä»ãËé¹Ò¹·ÕèÊØ´à·èÒ·Õè¨Ðà»ç¹ä»ä´é à¾×èÍ»ÅèÍÂãËé¡ÅØèÁµèÒ§ æ ÀÒÂã¹¾Ã䵡ŧ¡Ñ¹àͧãËéä´éàÊÕ¡è͹ áÅéǨ֧»ÃѺà»ÅÕè¹ÃѰÁ¹µÃÕ
gaanM thuaangL waehM laaM aawkL bpaiM haiF naanM theeF sootL thaoF theeF jaL bpenM bpaiM daiF pheuuaF bplaawyL haiF gloomL dtaangL dtaangL phaayM naiM phakH dtohkL lohngM ganM aehngM haiF daiF siiaR gaawnL laaeoH jeungM bprapL bpliianL ratH mohnM dtreeM
"Stalling for the longest possible amount time that they are able would allow the various factions within the party to agree among themselves; then they can go ahead and shuffle the cabinet ministers."
¡ÒÃÇÔ¨Òóì¤×ͤÇÒÁ¾ÂÒÂÒÁ¨ÐËÒ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ·Õè»ÃÒ¡¯ã¹§Ò¹ÈÔÅ»ì áÅéÇ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤Ø³¤èÒ´éÇ»·Ñʶҹ¹Ò¹Òª¹Ô´
gaanM wiH jaan[n]M kheuuM khwaamM phaH yaaM yaamM jaL haaR khwaamM maayR theeF bpraaM gohtL naiM ngaanM sin[p]R laaeoH bpraL meernM khoonM khaaF duayF bpaL thatH thaanR naaM naaM chaH nitH
"Art criticism is the attempt to find meaning that is conveyed by a work of art and to evaluate that work using a variety of standards."
¡Ô¹àÊÃç¨áÅéÇ
ginM setL laaeoH
"I already ate!"
¡Ù¿Ñ¹ä»àÃÕºÃéÍÂáÅéÇ
guuM fanM bpaiM riiapF raawyH laaeoH
"I’ve had sex with her already."
¢Í§¹Í¡¡ÒÂàÃÒ¹ÕéÁÕáÅéÇËÒäÁèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹àÊ×èÍÁä» ¨Ðä´éÍÂÙ觤§·¹ËÒÁÔä´é
khaawngR naawkF gaayM raoM neeH meeM laaeoH haaR maiF geertL kheunF seuuamL bpaiM jaL daiF yuuL yohngM khohngM thohnM haaR miH daiF
There is nothing in our external body that we can retain; we are born, then we disintegrate; we have nothing that will last permanently.
à¢Ò¡ÅѺºéÒ¹ä»áÅéǤÃѺ
khaoR glapL baanF bpaiM laaeoH khrapH
[spoken by male] "He has gone home already."
à¢Ò¡ÅѺºéÒ¹ÊÑ»´ÒËì·ÕèáÅéÇ
khaoR glapL baanF sapL daa[h]M theeF laaeoH
"He went home last week."
à¢Ò«ØèÁÃÍàÇÅÒ·ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÁã¹Í¹Ò¤µ «Öè§»ÃÐàÁÔ¹áÅéǡ礧äÁè¹Ò¹
khaoR soomF raawM waehM laaM theeF mawL sohmR naiM aL naaM khohtH seungF bpraL meernM laaeoH gawF khohngM maiF naanM
"They secretly await the right time in the future which they estimate to be not far off."
à¢Òà»ç¹à¾×è͹¢Í§©Ñ¹ÁÒËÅÒ»ÕáÅéÇ
khaoR bpenM pheuuanF khaawngR chanR maaM laayR bpeeM laaeoH
"He has been my friend for many years."
à¢ÒäÁèʺÒÂÁÒÊÒÁà´×͹¡ÇèÒáÅéÇ
khaoR maiF saL baayM maaM saamR deuuanM gwaaL laaeoH
"He has been unwell for more than three months already."
à¢ÒÃéͧà¾Å§ä¾àÃÒÐÁÒ¡«Öè§àÁ×èͿѧáÅéÇ ¨Ôµã¨¢Í§©Ñ¹¡çà¤ÅÔºà¤ÅÔéÁä»´éÇÂ
khaoR raawngH phlaehngM phaiM rawH maakF seungF meuuaF fangM laaeoH jitL jaiM khaawngR chanR gawF khleerpF khleermH bpaiM duayF
He sings very beautifully, which when I hear (his singing), my heart becomes enraptured.
à¢ÒÍÂÙè·Õè¹ÕèÁÒÊÒÁÍÒ·ÔµÂìáÅéÇ
khaoR yuuL theeF neeF maaM saamR aaM thit[y]H laaeoH
"She has been living here for three weeks."
à¢ÒÍÍ¡¨Ò¡ºéÒ¹ä»ËÅÒªÑèÇâÁ§áÅéÇ
khaoR aawkL jaakL baanF bpaiM laayR chuaaF mohngM laaeoH
"He went out of the house many hours ago."
¤¹¢Ñºá·ç¡«Õèã¹¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï ºÍ¡ÇèÒ Ã¶ËÒÂ仨ҡ·éͧ¶¹¹ÁÒà»ç¹à´×͹áÅéÇ ¨¹¡ÃзÑè§àÇÅÒ¹Õé
khohnM khapL thaekH seeF naiM groongM thaehpF baawkL waaF rohtH haayR bpaiM jaakL thaawngH thaL nohnR maaM bpenM deuuanM laaeoH johnM graL thangF waehM laaM neeH
Bangkok taxi drivers have told me that—for about a month already, until now—traffic has disappeared from the roads.
¤¹¢ÑºÃ¶¡Ô¹¢éÒÇáÅéǤèÐ
khohnM khapL rohtH ginM khaaoF laaeoH khaF
[spoken by a female] "The driver has eaten already."
¤¹Êǹ·Ó§Ò¹äÁè´Õ à¢Ò¨Ö§¶Ù¡äÅèÍÍ¡ä»áÅéÇ
khohnM suaanR thahmM ngaanM maiF deeM khaoR jeungM thuukL laiF aawkL bpaiM laaeoH
"The gardener did his work badly so he has been discharged."
¤ÇÒÁÇÔ»â¤âÈ¡àÈÃéҢͧ¾ÁèÒàÇÅÒ¹Õéä´éÁÕÊË»ÃЪҪҵÔáÅлÃÐà·ÈµèÒ§ æ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§ä·Âä´éÂ×è¹Á×Íà¢éÒ仪èÇÂàËÅ×ÍáÅéÇ
khwaamM wipH bpaL yohkF sohkL saoF khaawngR phaH maaF waehM laaM neeH daiF meeM saL haL bpraL chaaM chaatF laeH bpraL thaehtF dtaangL dtaangL ruaamM theungR thaiM daiF yeuunF meuuM khaoF bpaiM chuayF leuuaR laaeoH
The misery and sadness in Burma (has led) the United Nations and various countries, including Thailand, to extend their hands in assistance.
¤Ô´áÅéǨ֧à¨Ã¨Ò
khitH laaeoH jeungM jaehnM jaaM
"A word and a stone let go cannot be called back."
¤Õµ¡ÇÕãË­è æ ¢Í§âÅ¡Åéǹà¤Â¶Ù¡¹Ñ¡ÇÔ¨Òóì«Öè§µÒÁäÁè·Ñ¹â¨ÁµÕáËÅ¡ÅÒ­ÁÒáÅéÇ·Ñé§¹Ñé¹
kheeM dtaL gweeM yaiL yaiL khaawngR lohkF luaanH kheeuyM thuukL nakH wiH jaan[n]M seungF dtaamM maiF thanM johmM dteeM laaekL laanM maaM laaeoH thangH nanH
"World-renown composers of music have always been heavily criticized by critics who cannot understand (their artistic expressions)."
¤Ø³áÁè¢ÍÃѺ, ¼Á¡ÅѺÁÒáÅéÇ¢ÍÃѺ
khoonM maaeF khaawR rapH phohmR glapL maaM laaeoH khaawR rapH
Mother dear [khorap]; I have returned [khorap].
¤Ø³ÍÂÙèàÁ×ͧä·ÂÁÒ¹Ò¹à·èÒäËÃèáÅéǤÐ
khoonM yuuL meuuangM thaiM maaM naanM thaoF raiL laaeoH khaH
[spoken by female] "How long have you been living in Thailand?"
¤Ø³ÍèÒ¹¨´ËÁÒ·Õèà¾Ôè§ÁÒ¶Ö§áÅéÇËÃ×ÍÂѧ
khoonM aanL johtL maayR theeF pheerngF maaM theungR laaeoH reuuR yangM
"Have you read the letter which has just arrived?"
¨´ËÁÒÂà¢Õ¹àÊÃç¨áÅéǤÃѺ
johtL maayR khiianR setL laaeoH khrapH
[spoken by male] "I have finished the letter."
¨´ËÁÒÂàÊÃç¨áÅéÇËÃ×ÍÂѧ
johtL maayR setL laaeoH reuuR yangM
"Have you finished the letter yet?"
¨ÐÍÒ àÇÅÒà¾×è͹ÃÙéÇèÒâµáÅéÇÂѧ©Õèô·Õè¹Í¹ÍÕ¡
jaL aayM waehM laaM pheuuanF ruuH waaF dtohM laaeoH yangM cheeL rohtH theeF naawnM eekL
"(He) will be embarassed when his friends find out that, even though he's grown, he still wets the bed."
¨Ó¹Ç¹¤¹·ÕèÁÒÃèÇÁ¡ÒêØÁ¹ØÁàÃÔèÁ¨ÐàºÒºÒ§Å§áÅéÇ
jahmM nuaanM khohnM theeF maaM ruaamF gaanM choomM noomM reermF jaL baoM baangM lohngM laaeoH
"The number of people joining rallies is beginning to lessen already."
©Ñ¹à¤Âä»·Õè¹Ñè¹Êͧ¤ÃÑé§áÅéÇ
chanR kheeuyM bpaiM theeF nanF saawngR khrangH laaeoH
"I have been there twice already."
©Ñ¹ä»àªÕ§ãËÁèàÁ×èÍ ò »Õ·ÕèáÅéÇ
chanR bpaiM chiiangM maiL meuuaF saawngR bpeeM theeF laaeoH
"I went to Chiang Mai two years ago."
©Ñ¹äÁèä´é¾ºà¢ÒÁÒ¹Ò¹áÅéÇ
chanR maiF daiF phohpH khaoR maaM naanM laaeoH
"I haven’t seen him for a long time."
©Ñ¹Íèҹ˹ѧÊ×ÍàÅèÁ¹ÕéáÅéǤèÐ
chanR aanL nangR seuuR lehmF neeH laaeoH khaF
[spoken by female] "I have read this book already."
´ÙàÇçºä«µìä»áÅéÇ¡çªèÇ»èÒÇÃéͧºÍ¡¡ÅèÒǼèÒ¹¼Ùéá·¹·ÕèàÃÒàÅ×Í¡à¢éÒä»ã¹ÊÀÒãËéªèÇÂ
duuM wepH sai[d]M bpaiM laaeoH gawF chuayF bpaaoL raawngH baawkL glaaoL phaanL phuuF thaaenM theeF raoM leuuakF khaoF bpaiM naiM saL phaaM haiF chuayF
"Once you have seen the website, please let our elected representatives know and ask them to help us."
´ÙàËÁ×͹¨Ðʹء´Õ áµè¨ÃÔ§ æ áÅéÇäÁèʹء
duuM meuuanR jaL saL nookL deeM dtaaeL jingM jingM laaeoH maiF saL nookL
"Looks like fun. But really, it's not."
à´ç¡ÇÑÂÃØè¹·Õè¶Ù¡¨Ñº´éÇ¢éÍËÒ·ÓÃéÒÂÃèÒ§¡ÒÂä´éÃѺ»ÃСѹµÑÇÍÍ¡ä»áÅéÇ
dekL waiM roonF theeF thuukL japL duayF khaawF haaR thahmM raayH raangF gaayM daiF rapH bpraL ganM dtuaaM aawkL bpaiM laaeoH
"The teenager who was arrested and charged with doing bodily harm to another has been bailed out of jail already."
à´ç¡æ¹Ñè§àÃÕºÃéÍÂÍÂÙèä´éäÁè¹Ò¹ ¡çàÃÔèÁÂØ¡ÂÔ¡¡Ñ¹áÅéÇ
dekL dekL nangF riiapF raawyH yuuL daiF maiF naanM gawF reermF yookH yikH ganM laaeoH
"The children sat quietly for a while then began to fidget."
µºËÑÇáÅéÇÅÙºËÅѧ
dtohpL huaaR laaeoH luupF langR
"A kiss after a kick!"
µÃ§¡Ñ¹¢éÒÁ¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁàËç¹ÇèÒ ¤ÇÒÁÈÃÑ·¸ÒµèÍÇÑÇà»ç¹¤ÇÒÁ§Á§Ò ËÒ¡Áͧ¨Ò¡á§èÁØÁ¢Í§¡ÒÃãªé·ÃѾÂÒ¡ÃÍÂèÒ§ÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸ÔÀÒ¾·ÕèÊØ´ áÅéÇ ¤ÇÒÁÈÃÑ·¸ÒµèÍÇÑǹÑè¹ÅèÐ ¤×ÍÇÔ¶Õ·Ò§ãªé·ÃѾÂҡ÷Õè©ÅÒ´·ÕèÊØ´ã¹à§×è͹䢢ͧÍÔ¹à´ÕÂ
dtrohngM ganM khaamF gapL khwaamM henR waaF khwaamM satL thaaM dtaawL wuaaM bpenM khwaamM ngohmM ngaayM haakL maawngM jaakL ngaaeF moomM khaawngR gaanM chaiH sapH phaH yaaM gaawnM yaangL meeM bpraL sitL thiH phaapF theeF sootL laaeoH khwaamM satL thaaM dtaawL wuaaM nanF laF kheuuM wiH theeR thaangM chaiH sapH phaH yaaM gaawnM theeF chaL laatL theeF sootL naiM ngeuuanF khaiR khaawngR inM diiaM
(This idea) is quite contrary to the notion that cattle worship reflects merely blind faith, if one looks from the viewpoint of of using resources in the most efficient way possible. It is precisely cattle worship which provides the most intelligent method of using available resources under the conditions which exist in India.
áµè·ÕèÊØ´áÅéÇ ¡çËÅա˹դӶÒÁàÃ×èͧµÓá˹觹Ò¡ÃѰÁ¹µÃÕäÁèä´é áµèà¢Ò¡ç¤Ô´ÇèÒ Áѹà»ç¹á¼¹¡ÒõջÅÒ˹éÒä« µÑÇà¢Òàͧ
dtaaeL theeF sootL laaeoH gawF leekL neeR khahmM thaamR reuuangF dtahmM naengL naaM yohkH ratH mohnM dtreeM maiF daiF dtaaeL khaoR gawF khitH waaF manM bpenM phaaenR gaanM dteeM bplaaM naaF saiM dtuaaM khaoR aehngM
"In the end, we cannot avoid the question regarding the position of the prime minister but he believes that this is a plot to upset his own carefully laid plans."