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Íѹ  anM
contents of this page
1.item; a small thing
2.one
3.[the formal relative pronouns] that; which
4.[numerical classifier for small things]

pronunciation guide
Phonemic ThaiÍѹ
IPAʔan
Royal Thai General Systeman

1. common Thai word   [noun]
definition
item; a small thing

examples
¡ÅéÒÁà¹×éͺØÃØÉÍѹ§ÒÁ´Ñ觪èÒ§ÊÅÑ¡
glaamF neuuaH booL rootL anM ngaamM dangL changF saL lakL
chiseled male physique
à»ç¹Íѹ¢Ò´bpenM anM khaatL[of an item] is disallowed; prohibited; forbidden
à»ç¹ÍѹÁÒ¡bpenM anM maakFgreatly; considerably; enormously; hugely; vastly; tremendously
Ãкͺ»ÃЪҸԻäµÂÍѹÁÕ¾ÃÐÁËÒ¡ÉѵÃÔÂì·Ã§à»ç¹»ÃÐÁØ¢
raH baawpL bpraL chaaM thipH dtaiM anM meeM phraH maH haaR gaL satL ri[y]H sohngM bpenM bpraL mookH
A democratic system with the King as Head of State
Íѹà´ÕÂǡѹanM diaaoM ganMthe same one, the same thing
Íѹ¹ÕéanM neeHthis one
Íѹà»ç¹·ÕèÃÑ¡anM bpenM theeF rakH"My beloved" — "Whom I love"
ÍÑ¹ÊØ´·éÒÂanM sootL thaayHfinal one; last one (thing)
ÍÕ¡Íѹ˹Öè§eekL anM neungLanother one
sample
sentences
¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§ÊÃäìáÅСԨ¡ÃÃÁÊÒ¸ÒóеèÒ§ æ ã¹àÁ×ͧä·Â»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ äÁèä´éÃѺ»ÃÐ⪹ì¨Ò¡¾ÅѧÍѹä¾ÈÒŢͧ¡ÒÃÇÔ¨Òóì
gaanM saangF san[k]R laeH gitL gamM saaR thaaM raH naH dtaangL dtaangL naiM meuuangM thaiM bpatL jooL banM maiF daiF rapH bpraL yoht[n]L jaakL phaH langM anM phaiM saanR khaawngR gaanM wiH jaan[n]M
"The various creative endeavors and public activities in Thailand today do not enjoy the benefits of forceful and extensive critiques."
à¢Ò¨Ðà´Ô¹·Ò§¡ÅѺ»ÃÐà·Èä·Âà¾×è;ÔÊÙ¨¹ì¤ÇÒÁºÃÔÊØ·¸ÔìáÅеèÍÊÙ餴յÒÁ¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃÂØµÔ¸ÃÃÁÍѹªÍº´éÇ¡®ËÁÒÂáÅÐà»ç¹ä»µÒÁËÅÑ¡¹ÔµÔ¸ÃÃÁ
khaoR jaL deernM thaangM glapL bpraL thaehtF thaiM pheuuaF phiH suut[n]L khwaamM bawL riH sootL laeH dtaawL suuF khaH deeM dtaamM graL buaanM gaanM yooH dtiL thamM anM chaawpF duayF gohtL maayR laeH bpenM bpaiM dtaamM lakL niH dtiL thamM
"He will return to Thailand in order to prove his innocence and to fight the case against him in accordance with due process under the law and with the rule of law. ."
à¢ÒºÑ§ÍÒ¨á¨é§¤ÇÒÁÍѹà»ç¹à·ç¨ÇèҺѵûÃШӵÑÇ»ÃЪҪ¹ËÒÂ
khaoR bangM aatL jaaengF khwaamM anM bpenM thetH waaF bat[r]L bpraL jahmM dtuaaM bpraL chaaM chohnM haayR
"She impudently falsely reported that her personal identification card disappeared."
à¢ÒäÁèÍÒ¨¾Ù´¶éͤÓã´ æ Íѹ¨Ð·ÓãËé¼ÙéÍ×è¹àÊÕÂã¨
khaoR maiF aatL phuutF thaawyF khahmM daiM daiM anM jaL thahmM haiF phuuF euunL siiaR jaiM
He can’t speak even one word which dismays others.
¤ÇÒÁÁØè§ËÁÒÂÍѹÊÙ§ÊØ´¢Í§¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤×Í¡ÒÃãËéàÂÒǪ¹à»ç¹¼ÙéãË­è·ÕèºÃÃÅØÇØ²ÔÀÒÇзÑé§·Ò§ÍÒÃÁ³ìáÅÐʵԻѭ­Ò
khwaamM moongF maayR anM suungR sootL khaawngR gaanM seukL saaR kheuuM gaanM haiF yaoM waH chohnM bpenM phuuF yaiL theeF banM looH wootH phaaM waH thangH thaangM aaM rohm[n]M laeH saL dtiL bpanM yaaM
"The highest purpose of education is to allow our youth to become mature adults both emotionally and intellectually."
¤ÇÒÁäÁèÁÕâäà»ç¹ÅÒÀÍѹ»ÃÐàÊÃÔ°
khwaamM maiF meeM rohkF bpenM laapF anM bpraL seertL
"Health is better than wealth."
·èÒ¹àªÔ­¼Áà¢éÒÃèÇÁÃѰºÒÅàÁ×èÍ»Õ òõòô Íѹà»ç¹ËÑÇàÅÕéÂÇËÑǵèͧ͢¡ÒÃÃͧÃѺÃѰ¸ÃÃÁ¹Ù­©ºÑºãËÁè
thanF cheernM phohmR khaoF ruaamF ratH thaL baanM meuuaF bpeeM saawngR haaF saawngR seeL anM bpenM huaaR liaaoH huaaR dtaawL khaawngR gaanM raawngM rapH ratH thamM maH nuunM chaL bapL maiL
"Back in 2524 (1981) he invited me to join him in forming a goverment; this became a turning point toward adopting a new constitution."
㹤ÇÒÁÁ×´ÁÔ´·Ò§¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧÍѹà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁᵡá¡ ¡çÂѧÁÕáʧä¿ÊÒ´©ÒÂà¢éÒÁÒ
naiM khwaamM meuutF mitH thaangM gaanM meuuangM anM neuuangF jaakL khwaamM dtaaekL yaaekF gawF yangM meeM saaengR faiM saatL chaayR khaoF maaM
"Within the deepest darkness of political strife, there is still a ray of light shining through."
»Ãоѹ¸ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ áÅлÃоѹ¸ÇÔàÈɳì áÁé¨Ðãªé¤ÓºÒ§¤ÓàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹ àªè¹ ·Õè «Öè§ Íѹ áµèÁÕ¢éÍᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé
bpraL phanM thaH sapL phaH naamM laeH bpraL phanM thaH wiH saeht[n]L maaeH jaL chaiH khahmM baangM khahmM meuuanR ganM chehnF theeF seungF anM dtaaeL meeM khaawF dtaaekL dtaangL ganM dangM neeH
Even though relative pronouns and relative modifiers use the same words, for example, “that,” “which,” “the one that,” there are differences, as in the following:
»Ä¨©ÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺà¹×éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁ ËÃ×ͤÇÒÁʧÊÑ àªè¹ ã´ ä˹ äà ¡Õè ÍÐäà ·ÓäÁ ©Ñ¹ã´ àªè¹äà äËÁ Íѹ㴠ÍÂèÒ§äà à·èÒäà ä ËÃ×ÍË¹Í ÏÅÏ
bpritL chaaR wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL neuuaH khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR khwaamM sohngR saiR chehnF daiM naiR raiM geeL aL raiM thahmM maiM chanR daiM chehnF raiM maiR anM daiM yaangL raiM thaoF raiM yaiM reuuR naawR
“Interrogative modifier” is a modifier which is part of a question sentence structure or a structure indicating doubt, for example, “whichever,” “which,” “what,” “how many,” “what,” “why,” “why,” “how,” “(interrogatory),” “whichever,” “which way,” “how many,” “why,” “or what,” etc. Examples are:
ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤¹ÕéÂѧà»ç¹ºéÒ¹áË觤ÇÒÁ¢Ñ´áÂé§ÍѹÂ×´àÂ×éÍâËÁ¡ÃÐ˹èÓ´éǤÇÒÁͤµÔÍѹÅÖ¡«Öé§
phuuM miH phaakF neeH yangM bpenM baanF haengL khwaamM khatL yaaengH anM yeuutF yeuuaH hohmR graL nahmL duayF khwaamM ohkL khaH dtiL anM leukH seungH
"This area continues to be beset by protracted disagreements and by raging and deep prejudices."
ÁÕ¢éͤÇÒÁà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡Ñ¹ àªè¹ ·Õè «Öè§ Íѹ ÍÂèÒ§·Õè ª¹Ô´·Õè ãËé ÇèÒ ·ÕèÇèÒ ¤×Í à¾×èÍ ãËé à¾×èÍÇèÒ ÏÅÏ µÑÇÍÂèÒ§
meeM khaawF khwaamM giaaoL khaawngF ganM chehnF theeF seungF anM yaangL theeF chaH nitH theeF haiF waaF theeF waaF kheuuM pheuuaF haiF pheuuaF waaF dtuaaM yaangL
Examples include, “that, which, or whom,” “which,” “which, that, or whom,” “in an instance where,” “in order that,” “that,” “as indicated,” “that is,” and “so that,” “in order to,” “in case of,” and others. Sample sentences:
ÁÙŤèҢͧÊÔè§àËÅèÒ¹ÕéÃÇÁ¡Ñ¹áÅéÇÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒÅÙ¡ªÔé¹à¹×éÍÇÑÇà»ç¹ÍѹÁÒ¡
muunM khaaF khaawngR singL laoL neeH ruaamM ganM laaeoH maakF gwaaL luukF chinH neuuaH wuaaM bpenM anM maakF
The value of all these things together outweighs (the value) of its meat by a large margin.
àÃÒ¡çà»ç¹à¾Õ§Êèǹ˹Ö觢ͧÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇԵ㹸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ «Öè§à¡ÒÐà¡ÕèÂÇÍÂÙèã¹Ëèǧâ«èÍÒËÒÃÍѹà´ÕÂǡѹ¡ÑºË¹Í¹áÅÐÁ´
raoM gawF bpenM phiiangM suaanL neungL khaawngR singL meeM cheeM witH naiM thamM maH chaatF seungF gawL giaaoL yuuL naiM huaangL sohF aaM haanR anM diaaoM ganM gapL naawnR laeH mohtH
"We are merely one part of life in Nature; we are integrally linked in the Food Chain, just like worms and ants."
˹èǾѹ¸Ø¡ÃÃÁ´ÕàÍç¹àͶ١·Í¹Å§à»ç¹Ë¹èÇÂÂèÍ æ ã¹Íѹ·Õè¨ÐÇÑ´¨Ó¹Ç¹¢Í§ÂÕ¹ÇèÒÁÕ¡ÕèªØ´
nuayL phanM thooH gamM deeM enM aehM thuukL thaawnM lohngM bpenM nuayL yaawyF yaawyF naiM anM theeF jaL watH jahmM nuaanM khaawngR yeenM waaF meeM geeL chootH
"To measure the number of gene copies, the cellular DNA is broken into small pieces."
ËÅÒÂà¼èÒ´éÇ¡ѹ·Óà¡ÉµÃ´éÇÂÇÔ¸Õ·ÓäÃèàÅ×è͹ÅÍ Íѹà»ç¹ÇÔ¸Õ·ÕèàËÁÒСѺÊѧ¤Á¢Í§à¢Ò
laayR phaoL duayF ganM thahmM gaL saeht[r]L duayF wiH theeM thahmM raiF leuuanF laawyM anM bpenM wiH theeM theeF mawL gapL sangR khohmM khaawngR khaoR
"Many tribes employ slash and burn agricultural methods which are appropriate to their social structure."
ÍѹÇèÒµÑÇ¡ÒÅÕ¹ÕéËÃ×Í˹Í?
anM waaF dtuaaM gaaM leeM neeH reuuR naawR
Is this the evil witch, or what?
2.   [pronoun]
definition
one

exampleÍѹä˹anM naiRwhich one?
sample
sentences
©Ñ¹ÍÂÒ¡ä´éÍѹ·Õè´Õ·ÕèÊØ´
chanR yaakL daiF anM theeF deeM theeF sootL
"I want the best one."
ÍÂÒ¡ä´éÍѹ·Õè¶Ù¡¡ÇèÒ¹Õé¹èФèÐ
yaakL daiF anM theeF thuukL gwaaL neeH naF khaF
[spoken by a female] "I want a cheaper one than this."
Íѹ¹Ñ鹡çä´é
anM nanH gawF daiF
"That one is allright also."
Íѹ¹Óä»ÊÙè¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃÊͺÊǹà¾ÔèÁàµÔÁÇèÒ ÊèÍà¢Òà¢éÒ¢èÒÂÁÕ¡ÒáÃзӤÇÒÁ¼Ô´µÒÁ¾.Ã.º.ÇèÒ´éǤÇÒÁ¼Ô´à¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡ÒÃàʹÍÃÒ¤ÒµèÍ˹èǧҹ¢Í§ÃѰ
anM nahmM bpaiM suuL graL buaanM gaanM saawpL suaanR pheermF dteermM waaF saawL khaoR khaoF khaayL meeM gaanM graL thahmM khwaamM phitL dtaamM phaH raH baL waaF duayF khwaamM phitL giaaoL gapL gaanM saL nuuhrR raaM khaaM dtaawL nuayL ngaanM khaawngR ratH
"It is indicative of an activity which is within the scope of a violation the law concerning the submission of bids to government institutions."
3.   [proper noun, formal]
definition
[the formal relative pronouns] that; which

related words«Öè§ seungF[the relative pronouns] who; whose; whom; of which
«Öè§ seungF[the relative pronouns] that; which
·Õè theeF[the relative pronouns] that; which; which is...
examples
¡ÒÃà·ÕèÂÇáÅÐà¢éÒàÂÕèÂÁªÁáËÅè§´Ö§´Ù´¹Ñ¡·èͧà·ÕèÂÇ ÍѹàËÁÒÐá¡è¡Ò÷ÑȹÈÖ¡ÉÒ
gaanM thiaaoF laeH khaoF yiiamF chohmM laengL deungM duutL nakH thaawngF thiaaoF anM mawL gaaeL gaanM that[n]H seukL saaR
Excursion to Educational attractions
â¤Ã§¡ÒÃÍѹà¹×èͧÁÒ¨Ò¡¾ÃÐÃÒª´ÓÃÔ
khrohngM gaanM anM neuuangF maaM jaakL phraH raatF chaH dahmM riH
the Royal Development Projects
µÍäÁéáËÅÁãµé¹éÓÍѹà»ç¹ÍѹµÃÒµèÍ¡ÒÃà´Ô¹àÃ×Í
dtaawM maaiH laaemR dtaiF naahmH anM bpenM anM dtraayM dtaawL gaanM deernM reuuaM
a snag
·ÃѾÂìÊÁºÑµÔÍѹÁÕ¤èÒsap[y]H sohmR batL anM meeM khaaFtreasure
ã¹Íѹ·Õè¨ÐnaiM anM theeF jaLso as to; in order to; in order that
»ÃѪ­ÒÍѹÇèÒ´éÇ¡ÒáÓà¹Ô´¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ µÅÍ´¨¹ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃáÅТͺࢵ¤ÇÒÁÃÙéÁ¹ØÉÂì
bpratL yaaM anM waaF duayF gaanM gahmM neertF thamM maH chaatF dtlaawtL johnM wiH theeM gaanM laeH khaawpL khaehtL khwaamM ruuH maH noot[y]H
epistemology
àÊÕ§ÃéͧÍѹä¾àÃÒÐsiiangR raawngH anM phaiM rawHsweet vocal
Í´ÕµÍѹµÃÒµÃÖ§aL deetL anM dtraaM dtreungMthe lingering past firmly imprinted in the mind
Íѹ»ÃСͺ´éÇÂanM bpraL gaawpL duayFcomprising; consisting of; containing; including; involving
ÍѹÁÕ¨ÔµÊÓ¹Ö¡anM meeM jitL sahmR neukHsentient
sample
sentences
¡ÅØèÁµèÒ§ æ µéͧÊÐÊÁ¡ÓÅѧ㹾ÃäàÍÒäÇéãËéÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ à¾×èÍ¡ØÁ¡ÒêÕé¹Ó Íѹà»ç¹ÊÔ觨Óà»ç¹ÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§ÂÇ´·Ò§¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ
gloomL dtaangL dtaangL dtaawngF saL sohmR gahmM langM naiM phakH aoM waiH haiF maakF theeF sootL pheuuaF goomM gaanM cheeH nahmM anM bpenM singL jahmM bpenM yaangL yingF yuaatF thaangM gaanM meuuangM
"The various factions need to gather as many of their forces within the political party (as they can) in order to control the leadership (of the party). This is an immensely necessary step in politics."
à¹×éÍËÒ¤ÇÒÁÍÃèÍÂÍÂÙè·ÕèÃʸÃÃÁªÒµÔÍѹËÅÒ¡ËÅÒ¢ͧÇÑÊ´Ø·Õè¹ÓÁÒ»ÃØ§ÍÒËÒÃ
neuuaH haaR khwaamM aL raawyL yuuL theeF rohtH thamM maH chaatF anM laakL laayR khaawngR watH saL dooL theeF nahmM maaM bproongM aaM haanR
The essence of the delicious flavors lies in many kinds of natural flavors of the various ingredients which are used in preparing (Chinese) food.
ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤¹ÕéÂѧà»ç¹ºéÒ¹áË觤ÇÒÁ¢Ñ´áÂé§ÍѹÂ×´àÂ×éÍâËÁ¡ÃÐ˹èÓ´éǤÇÒÁͤµÔÍѹÅÖ¡«Öé§
phuuM miH phaakF neeH yangM bpenM baanF haengL khwaamM khatL yaaengH anM yeuutF yeuuaH hohmR graL nahmL duayF khwaamM ohkL khaH dtiL anM leukH seungH
"This area continues to be beset by protracted disagreements and by raging and deep prejudices."
...áÁé»Ñ­ËÒÀÒÂã¹¾ÁèÒÍѹà¡ÕèÂÇà¹×èͧ¡Ñº¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ¡Òû¡¤ÃͧáÅÐà¡Ô´¼Å¡ÃзºÁÒ¶Ö§ä·Â àªè¹...
maaeH bpanM haaR phaayM naiM phaH maaF anM giaaoL neuuangF gapL gaanM meuuangM gaanM bpohkL khraawngM laeH geertL phohnR graL thohpH maaM theungR thaiM chehnF
despite the internal political and administrative problems and which have previously had an effect on Thailand, for example:
ÅѡɳÐÊØ´¢ÑéǹÑé¹àͧ·Õè¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹»Ñ­ËÒÍѹà»ç¹Çԡĵ˹Ö觢ͧÊѧ¤Áä·Â
lakH saL naL sootL khuaaF nanH aehngM theeF glaayM bpenM bpanM haaR anM bpenM wiH gritL neungL khaawngR sangR khohmM thaiM
"Extremism itself is critical problem number one in Thai society."
4.   [classifier]
definition
[numerical classifier for small things]

enumerated
nouns
à¢Õ§ khiiangRchopping block; cutting board
µÐà¡Õº  dtaL giiapLchopsticks
áªç¡ chaekHcigarette lighter
ËÇÕ  weeRcomb (for the hair); curry comb; brush
¾Ñ´ phatHa hand fan
¤ÕÁ  kheemMpliers; tongs
ÊéÍÁ saawmFfork
ÃÔººÔé¹ripH binF[Thai transcription of the foreign loanword, "ribbon"]
äÁâ¤Ã⿹ maiM khrohM fohnM[Thai transcription of the foreign loanword, "microphone"]
äÁ¤ìmai[k]M[Thai transcription of the foreign loanword, "mike"] microphone
ÃÕâÁ·reeM mohtF[Thai transcription of the foreign loanword, "remote"] a remote control
ºÃ÷Ѵ banM thatHa ruler (for measuring or drawing straight lines)
â¡ÈgohtLfunerary urn; an ornate, vertical and cylinder-shaped coffin with a pinnacle-like lid (typically) for royal use
·Í¿¿ÕèthaawfF feeF[Thai transcription of the foreign loanword, "toffee"]
ä¿áªç¡faiM chaekHcigarette lighter
·Õèà»Ô´¡Ãлëͧ theeF bpeertL graL bpaawngRcan opener
ÊÒÁàËÅÕèÂÁ saamR liiamLtriangular; three-sided
Âҧź yaangM lohpHeraser
ÅǴ˹պ¡ÃдÒÉluaatF neepL graL daatLpaper clip
áÇè¹µÒwaaenF dtaaMeyeglasses
䢤ǧ khaiR khuaangMscrewdriver
ÅÙ¡ºÔ´»ÃеÙluukF bitL bpraL dtuuMdoorknob
äÊé¡ÃÍ¡saiF graawkLsausage; hot dog; hotdog
áÇ蹡ѹᴴ waaenF ganM daaetLsunglasses
¿Í§¹éÓfaawngM naahmHsponge
äÁé¶ÙºéÒ¹maaiH thuuR baanFmop
äÁé¢Õ´ä¿ maaiH kheetL faiMmatch; matches (for lighting a fire)
ÅÙ¡ºÔ´ luukF bitLa knob which can be operated by turning
ËÑÇ¡ÅÁhuaaR glohmMknob; protrusion
µÃÒ»ÃзѺdtraaM bpraL thapHstamp (thing to make ink impressions)
¡ÅéͧÊèͧ·Ò§ä¡ÅglaawngF saawngL thaangM glaiMtelescope (small)
äÁé¨ÔéÁ¿Ñ¹maaiH jimF fanMtoothpick
example
¡çÁÑ¡¨ÐµÒÂà¾ÃÒоÔɢͧÁѹã¹àÇÅÒÍѹÃÇ´àÃçÇ
gawF makH jaL dtaayM phrawH phitH khaawngR manM naiM waehM laaM anM ruaatF reoM
then he often will die from its poison within a short time.

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