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¡Ã³Õ  gaL raH neeM
pronunciation guide
Phonemic Thai¡Ð-ÃÐ-¹Õ
IPAkàrániː
Royal Thai General Systemkarani

 [noun, Pali]
definition
incident; case; event; occurrence; legal suit; story; issue; portfolio; episode

examples¡Ã³Õ¨Óà»ç¹gaL raH neeM jamM bpenMcase of necessity
¡Ã³Õ©Ø¡à©Ô¹gaL raH neeM chookL cheernRan emergency
¡Ã³ÕµÑÇÍÂèÒ§gaL raH neeM dtuaaM yaangLexample; instance; case
¡Ã³Õ¾Ô¾Ò·gaL raH neeM phiH phaatFdispute
¡Ã³ÕÈÖ¡ÉÒgaL raH neeM seukL saaRcase study
¡ÒÃãªéà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µì ¡ÒÃà¢Õ¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì äÁèµéͧãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µì ¡àÇé¹ã¹¡Ã³Õ·Õè¤Ó¹Ñé¹ÁÕàÊÕ§«éӡѺ¤Óä·Â ¨¹·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊѺʹ ÍÒ¨ãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µìä´é àªè¹
gaanM chaiH khreuuangF maayR wanM yook[d]H gaanM khiianR khamM thapH sap[t]L maiF dtaawngF saiL khreuuangF maayR wanM yook[d]H yohkH wehnH naiM gaL raH neeM theeF khamM nanH meeM siiangR samH gapL khamM thaiM johnM thamM haiF geertL khwaamM sapL sohnR aatL saiL khreuuangF maayR wanM yook[d]H daiF chehnF
The use of tone markers: In transcribing from English to Thai, one need not insert tone markers, except in cases in which such transcribed word replicates the sound of an existing Thai word which might create confusion for the reader. In these cases it is appropriate to use a tone marker for example:
¡ÒÃãªéäÁéäµè¤Ùé ¤ÇÃãªé㹡óյèÍ仹Õé
gaanM chaiH maaiH dtaiL khuuH khuaanM chaiH naiM gaL raH neeM dtaawL bpaiM neeH
The short vowel marker is used in the following cases:
㹡óÕnaiM gaL raH neeMin case of
¼ÙéÊѹ·Ñ´¡Ã³ÕphuuF sanR thatH gaL raH neeMexpert; well-informed source
sample
sentences
¡Ã³ÕàËÅèÒ¹Õé¨ÐŧàÍÂÍÂèÒ§äáçµÒÁ »ÃÒ¡¯¡Òóì¤ÃÑé§¹Õéµéͧª×蹪ÁÊӹѡ§Ò¹ÍÑ¡ÒÃÊÙ§ÊØ´
gaL raH neeM laoL neeH jaL lohngM eeuyM yaangL raiM gawF dtaamM bpraaM gohtL gaan[n]M khrangH neeH dtaawngF cheuunF chohmM samR nakH ngaanM aiM yaH gaanM suungR sootL
"However this incident ends up, (one) must praise (the actions) of the Attorney General for this occurrence."
§Ç´à¢éÒÁÒ·Ø¡¢³Ð ÊÓËÃѺ¼ÅÊÃØ»¢Í§¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒõÃǨÊͺ¢éÍà·ç¨¨ÃÔ§¡Ã³Õ¡ÒèѴ«×éÍ˹ѧÊ×ÍáÅÐÊ×èÍ¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹¡ÒÃÊ͹¢Í§Í§¤ì¡ÒúÃÔËÒÃÊèǹ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´
nguaatF khaoF maaM thookH khaL naL samR rapL phohnR saL roopL khaawngR khaH naH gamM maH gaanM dtruaatL saawpL khaawF thetH jingM gaL raH neeM gaanM jatL seuuH nangR seuuR laeH seuuL gaanM riianM gaanM saawnR khaawngR ohng[k]M gaanM bawL riH haanR suaanL jangM watL
"The committee investigating the facts concerning the purchase of books and educational materials by the Provincial Administrative councils is just about ready to issue its summary report."

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