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1a.  [verb, transitive, intransitive, auxiliary verb]
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| definition | to be; <subject> is
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| related words | ¤×Í  | kheuuM | to be; as; namely; as follows; thus; as in; to wit; simply |
ÍÂÙè  | yuuL | is (located at); to reside; to live (at) |
| examples | ¡ÃÔÂÒ·ÕèáºÅ§ÃÙ»ÁÒãªéà»ç¹¤Ó gaL riH yaaM theeF baaeM lohngM ruupF maaM chaiH bpenM khahmM[grammar] [a participle formed from a verb by adding the prefix ¡Òà  , corresponding to the English suffix] "-ing"; "-ed" |
¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹  | glaayM bpenM | to become |
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¡êÒ«·Õèãªéà»ç¹ÂÒ´ÁãËéÊź gaasH theeF chaiH bpenM yaaM dohmM haiF saL lohpLchloroform — CHCl 3; anesthetic gas |
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á¡êʪ¹Ô´Ë¹Öè§ãªéà»ç¹ÂÒÊź gaaetH chaH nitH neungL chaiH bpenM yaaM saL lohpL[Thai description of] nitrous oxide; laughing gas |
â¡Ã¸à»ç¹¿×¹à»ç¹ä¿  | grohtL bpenM feuunM bpenM faiM | furious |
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¤´ÕËÁÔè¹»ÃÐÁÒ·ÁÕʶԵÔà¾ÔèÁÊÙ§¢Öé¹ÁÒ¡¼Ô´»¡µÔ à¾ÃÒÐÁÕ¤¹ªÍº¤éÒ¤ÇÒÁ ¨¹à»ç¹ÀÒÃеèͺؤ¤ÅÒ¡Ã㹡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃÂØµÔ¸ÃÃÁ khaH deeM minL bpraL maatL meeM saL thiL dtiL pheermF suungR kheunF maakF phitL bpaL gaL dtiL phrawH meeM khohnM chaawpF khaaH khwaamM johnM bpenM phaaM raH dtaawL bookL khaH laaM gaawnM naiM graL buaanM gaanM yooH dtiL thamMStatistics indicate that libel and slander lawsuits are becoming unusually more common because there are people who want to profit from lawsuits; (these suits) are now becoming a burden for personnel within the justice system. |
¤¹·Õèà»ç¹à¡Âì  | khohnM theeF bpenM gaeh[y]M | "a person who is gay" — [Thai definition of] gay or homosexual person |
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¤èÍÂà»ç¹¤èÍÂä» | khaawyF bpenM khaawyF bpaiM | to proceed gradually |
¤èÍÂà»ç¹¤èÍÂä» | khaawyF bpenM khaawyF bpaiM | all in due time; little by little; gradually; slow but sure |
¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ìà¡ÕèÂǡѺª¹ªÒµÔµèÒ§ æ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹ª×èÍ»ÃÐà·È àªè¹ khahmM khoonM sap[t]L giaaoL gapL chohnM chaatF dtaangL dtaangL haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM naamM theeF bpenM cheuuF bpraL thaehtF chehnFAdjectives which describe specific nationalities should be transcribed following the transcription of the noun which is used for the name of the country, for example: |
¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·Õè»ÃСͺ¤Ó¹ÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â ËÃ×Íà»ç¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì áµèä´éãªéã¹ÀÒÉÒä·ÂÁÒ¨¹¶×Íà»ç¹¤Óä·ÂáÅéÇ ãËéÇÒ§¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ìäÇéËÅѧ¤Ó¹ÒÁ àªè¹ khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF bpraL gaawpL khahmM naamM theeF bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM reuuR bpenM khahmM thapH sap[t]L dtaaeL daiF chaiH naiM phaaM saaR thaiM maaM johnM theuuR bpenM khahmM thaiM laaeoH haiF waangM khahmM khoonM sap[t]L waiH langR khahmM naamM chehnFIf an adjective is combined with a native Thai noun or a transcribed word which has a long history of usage and this is treated as a native Thai word, the adjective should be placed behind the noun (as in standard Thai grammar conventions). |
¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¹Ò¹¨¹¶×Íà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â áÅлÃÒ¡¯ã¹¾¨¹Ò¹Ø¡ÃÁ©ºÑºÃÒªºÑ³±ÔµÂʶҹáÅéÇ ãËéãªé µèÍ仵ÒÁà´ÔÁ àªè¹ ªçÍ¡â¡àŵ ªçÍ¡â¡áŵ àªÔéµ ¡êÒ« á¡êÊ khahmM thapH sap[t]L theeF chaiH ganM maaM naanM johnM theuuR bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM laeH bpraaM gohtL naiM phohtH jaL naaM nooH grohmM chaL bapL raatF chaH banM thitH dtaL yaH saL thaanR laaeoH haiF chaiH dtaawL bpaiM dtaamM deermM chehnF chawkH gohM laehtF chawkH gohM laaetF cheertH gaasH gaaetHSome transcribed words have been used (by Thais) for so long that they are considered Thai words and are already included in the Royal Institute Dictionary of the Thai Language. These transcribed forms should continue to be utilized. Such words include the Thai words for “chocolate,” “shirt,” and “gas.” |
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¨ÑºµÑÇà»ç¹ÅÔèÁ  | japL dtuaaM bpenM limF | [of blood and other liquids] to coagulate or clot |
¨Óà»ç¹  | jahmM bpenM | necessary; essential; required; to need to (do something) |
¤ÇÒÁ¨Óà»ç¹  | khwaamM jahmM bpenM | necessity |
¨Óà»ç¹µéͧ | jahmM bpenM dtaawngF | must; have to; need |
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à¨éÒ¹ÒÂà»ç¹¤¹µÃ§ ¶éÒÅÙ¡¹éͧ·Ó¼Ô´¡ç¨Ð¿Ñ¹·Ñ¹·Õ jaoF naayM bpenM khohnM dtrohngM thaaF luukF naawngH thahmM phitL gawF jaL fanM thanM theeM"My boss is very straightforward. If his employees make a mistake, he will deal with it immediately." |
ᨧà»ç¹ÃÒ¡Òà æ ä» jaaengM bpenM raayM gaanM raayM gaanM bpaiMto itemize |
ᨧà»ç¹ÃÒ¡ÒÃÂèÍÂ | jaaengM bpenM raayM gaanM yaawyF | to itemize |
䩹¨Ö§à»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹ | chaL naiR jeungM bpenM chehnF nanH | "How so?" |
ªÕéà»ç¹ªÕéµÒÂ | cheeH bpenM cheeH dtaayM | giving the final judgement; yea or nae; thumbs up or thumbs down |
ä´é¡ÓäÃà»ç¹¡Íºà»ç¹¡Ó  | daiF gahmM raiM bpenM gaawpL bpenM gahmM | to be substantially lucrative/profitable |
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µÍ¹·èÒ¹à»ç¹âÂÁ | dtaawnM thanF bpenM yohmM | [spoken by a monk] "...when [he] was a layperson" |
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µÑÇà»ç¹à¡ÅÕÂÇ | dtuaaM bpenM gliaaoM | (to work) strenuously; arduously |
µÑÇá»Å§à»ç¹´Ô¨ÔµÍÅ | dtuaaM bplaaengM bpenM diL jiL dtaawnM | [Computer & IT] digitizer |
µÒÂà»ç¹àº×Í | dtaayM bpenM beuuaM | to die in droves; huge number of deaths as if by poison |
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¶éҤӤسÈѾ·ì¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂàËÁ×͹¤Ó¹ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇèÒ "à»ç¹¢Í§" ËÃ×Í "à»ç¹àÃ×èͧ¢Í§" ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁ àªè¹ thaaF khahmM khoonM sap[t]L nanH meeM khwaamM maayR meuuanR khahmM naamM reuuR maayR khwaamM waaF bpenM khaawngR reuuR bpenM reuuangF khaawngR khahmM naamM nanH haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM naamM chehnFIf the adjective has the same meaning as the associated noun, or carries the meaning of “is an element of” or “is about” the noun, the adjective should be transcribed in the same form as the noun, for example: |
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¶éÒ·Ñ駤ӤسÈѾ·ìáÅФӹÒÁà»ç¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì·ÕèÂѧäÁè¶×Íà»ç¹¤Óä·Â ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÃ§µÒÁÈѾ·ìà´ÔÁ àªè¹ thaaF thangH khahmM khoonM sap[t]L laeH khahmM naamM bpenM khahmM thapH sap[t]L theeF yangM maiF theuuR bpenM khahmM thaiM haiF thapH sap[t]L dtrohngM dtaamM sap[t]L deermM chehnFIf both the adjective and the related noun are transcribed words neither of which are considered Thai words, they should be transcribed in the order of the original English words, for example: |
¶éÒà»ç¹¤Ó·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàµÔÁ»Ñ¨¨Ñ àªè¹ -er, -ing, -ic, or –y áÅСÒ÷ѺÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂѪ¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡Äɴѧ¢éÍ ÷.ò ÍÒ¨·ÓãËéÍÍ¡àÊÕ§¼Ô´ä»¨Ò¡ÀÒÉÒà´ÔÁÁÒ¡ ãËé«é͹¾ÂѪ¹ÐµÑÇÊС´¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ìµé¹Íա˹Öè§à¾×èÍãËéàËç¹à¤éÒ¤Óà´ÔÁ àªè¹ thaaF bpenM khahmM theeF geertL jaakL gaanM dteermM bpatL jaiM chehnF -er, -ing, -ic, or –y laeH gaanM thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dangM khaawF aatL thahmM haiF aawkL siiangR phitL bpaiM jaakL phaaM saaR deermM maakF haiF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM saL gohtL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M dtohnF eekL neungL pheuuaF haiF henR khaaoH khahmM deermM chehnFIf the word is one which arises from the use of a suffix such as -er, -ing, -ic, or –y and the use of rule 7.2 above results in a sound significantly at variance with the original English word, one should double the final consonant in order to be able to recognize the source of the original word, for example: |
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¶éÒÊÃТͧ¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà»ç¹ÊÃÐÍ×è¹·ÕèäÁèãªèÊÃÐÍÐ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂѪ¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉâ´ÂäÁèµéͧ«é͹¾ÂѪ¹Ð àªè¹ thaaF saL raL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF bpenM saL raL euunL theeF maiF chaiF saL raL aL haiF thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dooyM maiF dtaawngF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH chehnFIf the vowel associated with the first syllable is any vowel other than /-a-/, the consonant should be transcribed using the English consonant itself without doubling up the consonant, for example: |
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¶Ö§µÍ¹¹Õ餹ä·ÂµéͧÂÍÁÃѺÊÀÒ¾·ÕèÃÒ¤Òà»ç¹ä»µÒÁ¡Å䡵ÅÒ´ à¾×èÍ·ÕèÇèÒàÁ×èÍÊÔ¹¤éÒÃÒ¤Òá¾§¤¹¨Ð»ÃÐËÂÑ´¢Öé¹ theungR dtaawnM neeH khohnM thaiM dtaawngF yaawmM rapH saL phaapF theeF raaM khaaM bpenM bpaiM dtaamM gohnM gaiM dtaL laatL pheuuaF theeF waaF meuuaF sinR khaaH raaM khaaM phaaengM khohnM jaL bpraL yatL kheunFToday, the Thais must accept that prices are a function of market mechanisms so that when the prices of goods rise, they must (learn to) increase their savings (habits). |
à¶Õ§¤Íà»ç¹àÍç¹ | thiiangR khaawM bpenM enM | to argue strenuously such that the tendons bulge from the neck |
·Ã§à»ç¹ÃèÁà¡ÅéÒ  | sohngM bpenM rohmF glaoF | [written Thai and used with the kings only] to be a protector of peace |
·Ã§à»ç¹ÃèÁà¡È  | sohngM bpenM rohmF gaehtL | [·Ã§à»ç¹ÃèÁà¡ÅéÒ ] |
·Ñé§à»ç¹ | thangH bpenM | alive |
·Õèà»ç¹ÍÂÙè»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ | theeF bpenM yuuL bpatL jooL banM | [Thai definition of the English word] current |
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ºÑ§¤ÑºãËéà»ç¹ä»µÒÁ¡®ËÁÒ bangM khapH haiF bpenM bpaiM dtaamM gohtL maayRto enforce (something according to the law) |
»ÃСÒÈãªéà»ç¹¡®ËÁÒÂ | bpraL gaatL chaiH bpenM gohtL maayR | to enact (law) |
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»ÅèÍÂà»ç¹ÍÔÊÃÐ | bplaawyL bpenM itL saL raL | to free |
à»ç¹¡ÃÃÁ¾Ñ¹¸Øì  | bpenM gamM phan[t]M | hereditary |
à»ç¹¡ÅÒ§  | bpenM glaangM | to be neutral or undecided |
·ÓãËéà»ç¹¡ÅÒ§  | thahmM haiF bpenM glaangM | to neutralize |
ã¨à»ç¹¡ÅÒ§ | jaiM bpenM glaangM | with an open mind; neutral-minded |
à»ç¹¡ÅØèÁ  | bpenM gloomL | [French] en masse |
à»ç¹¡Í§  | bpenM gaawngM | quite; much; a great deal; somewhat; considerably |
à»ç¹¡Ñ¹àͧ  | bpenM ganM aehngM | informal |
à»ç¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ  | bpenM gaanM seukL saaR | educated; as an education |
à»ç¹à¡Âì  | bpenM gaeh[y]M | is gay; is homosexual |
à»ç¹¢¹º¸ÃÃÁà¹ÕÂÁ  | bpenM khaL nohpL thamM niiamM | traditional |
à»ç¹¢Í§ | bpenM khaawngR | to belong; to be of |
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à»ç¹¤¹§Ò¹ | bpenM khohnM ngaanM | to be a worker |
à»ç¹¤ÃÑ駤ÃÒÇ | bpenM khrangH khraaoM | occasional |
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