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ÍÒ¨  aatL
contents of this page
1.ÍÒ¨aatL[used with another verb to indicate possibility] may; might
2.äÁèÍÒ¨maiF aatL[formal] unable; cannot; could not; may not; might not
3.ÍÒ¨aatL[is] brave; courageous; bold

pronunciation guide
Phonemic ThaiÍÒ´
IPAʔàːt
Royal Thai General Systemat

1. common Thai word   [auxiliary verb]
definition
[used with another verb to indicate possibility] may; might

examples
¡ÒÃãªéà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µì ¡ÒÃà¢Õ¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì äÁèµéͧãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µì ¡àÇé¹ã¹¡Ã³Õ·Õè¤Ó¹Ñé¹ÁÕàÊÕ§«éӡѺ¤Óä·Â ¨¹·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊѺʹ ÍÒ¨ãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µìä´é àªè¹
gaanM chaiH khreuuangF maayR wanM yook[d]H gaanM khiianR khamM thapH sap[t]L maiF dtaawngF saiL khreuuangF maayR wanM yook[d]H yohkH wehnH naiM gaL raH neeM theeF khamM nanH meeM siiangR samH gapL khamM thaiM johnM thamM haiF geertL khwaamM sapL sohnR aatL saiL khreuuangF maayR wanM yook[d]H daiF chehnF
The use of tone markers: In transcribing from English to Thai, one need not insert tone markers, except in cases in which such transcribed word replicates the sound of an existing Thai word which might create confusion for the reader. In these cases it is appropriate to use a tone marker for example:
¤ÓÇÔÊÒÁҹ¹ÒÁ·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¹Ò¹áÅéÇ ÍÒ¨ãªéµèÍ仵ÒÁà´ÔÁ
khamM wiH saaR maanM yaH naamM theeF chaiH ganM maaM naanM laaeoH aatL chaiH dtaawL bpaiM dtaamM deermM
Proper nouns whose transcriptions have a long historical usage shall continue to be utilized
áµèºÒ§·Õ¶éÒàÃÒä»à·ÕèÂÇã¹»èÒËÃ×Í·Øè§¹Òà»ÅÕèÂÇ æ àÃÒÍÒ¨¾º§ÙºéÒ§àËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹
dtaaeL baangM theeM thaaF raoM bpaiM thiaaoF naiM bpaaL reuuR thoongF naaM bpliaaoL bpliaaoL raoM aatL phohpH nguuM baangF meuuanR ganM
But sometimes if we go on a trip into the forest or remote crop field we might find a snake after all.
¶éÒµéͧ¡ÒÃà¹é¹ÇèÒ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹à»ç¹ÊÔè§·ÕèÁÕËÅÒª¹Ô´áÅФӤسÈѾ·ì·Õè»ÃСͺà»ç¹ª¹Ô´Ë¹Ö觢ͧ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ÍÒ¨·ÑºÈѾ·ìâ´Âãªé¤Ó»ÃСͺ Ẻ ª¹Ô´ Ãкº ÏÅÏ ÁÒá·Ã¡äÇéÃÐËÇèÒ§¤Ó¹ÒÁ¡Ñº¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì àªè¹
thaaF dtaawngF gaanM nehnH waaF khamM naamM nanH bpenM singL theeF meeM laayR chaH nitH laeH khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L theeF bpraL gaawpL bpenM chaH nitH neungL khaawngR khamM naamM nanH aatL thapH sap[t]L dooyM chaiH khamM bpraL gaawpL baaepL chaH nitH raH bohpL maaM saaekF waiH raH waangL khamM naamM gapL khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L chehnF
If one wishes to emphasize the fact that a particular noun is one of many elements in a series and the adjective associated with that noun is one of those elements, one may transcribe using a Thai combining word such as Ẻ  (model) ª¹Ô´  (kind or type) Ãкº  (method or system), such as:
¶éÒà»ç¹¤Ó·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàµÔÁ»Ñ¨¨Ñ àªè¹ -er, -ing, -ic, or –y áÅСÒ÷ѺÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡Äɴѧ¢éÍ ÷.ò ÍÒ¨·ÓãËéÍÍ¡àÊÕ§¼Ô´ä»¨Ò¡ÀÒÉÒà´ÔÁÁÒ¡ ãËé«é͹¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÑÇÊС´¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ìµé¹Íա˹Öè§à¾×èÍãËéàËç¹à¤éÒ¤Óà´ÔÁ àªè¹
thaaF bpenM khamM theeF geertL jaakL gaanM dteermM bpatL jaiM chehnF -er, -ing, -ic, or –y laeH gaanM thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dangM khaawF aatL thamM haiF aawkL siiangR phitL bpaiM jaakL phaaM saaR deermM maakF haiF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM saL gohtL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M dtohnF eekL neungL pheuuaF haiF henR khaaoH khamM deermM chehnF
If the word is one which arises from the use of a suffix such as -er, -ing, -ic, or –y and the use of rule 7.2 above results in a sound significantly at variance with the original English word, one should double the final consonant in order to be able to recognize the source of the original word, for example:
¡àÇé¹ã¹¡Ã³Õ·Õè¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡ª×èͺؤ¤Å à»ç¹ª×èÍ੾ÒзÕèà»ç¹·ÕèÃÙé¨Ñ¡¡Ñ¹·ÑèÇä»ã¹áµèÅÐǧ¡Òà «Öè§ÍÒ¨Êѧࡵä´é¨Ò¡¡Ò÷Õèã¹ ÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉäÁèä´éãªéÍÑ¡ÉõÑÇãË­è¢Öé¹µé¹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì àªè¹
yohkH wehnH naiM gaL raH neeM theeF khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L theeF maaM jaakL cheuuF bookL khohnM bpenM cheuuF chaL phawH theeF bpenM theeF ruuH jakL ganM thuaaF bpaiM naiM dtaaeL laH wohngM gaanM seungF aatL sangR gaehtL daiF jaakL gaanM theeF naiM phaaM saaR angM gritL maiF daiF chaiH akL saawnR dtuaaM yaiL kheunF dtohnF haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L chehnF
An exception exists where an adjective which was derived from the name of a specific person is a proper name but is commonly and generally known in circles in which it is used. One may discern these words by the fact that such words are not capitalized in English. These words should take the form of an ordinary adjective.
ÈѾ·ìÇÔªÒ¡ÒëÖè§ãªé੾ÒÐ¡ÅØèÁ äÁèãªèÈѾ·ì·ÑèÇä» ÍÒ¨à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁËÅѡࡳ±ì¢Öé¹µÒÁ¤ÇÒÁ¨Óà»ç¹
sap[t]L wiH chaaM gaanM seungF chaiH chaL phawH gloomL maiF chaiF sap[t]L thuaaF bpaiM aatL pheermF dteermM lakL gaehn[t]M kheunF dtaamM khwaamM jamM bpenM
These rules may be supplemented as necessary for technical words which are used by specific communities and which are not words in general usage.
sample
sentences
ó. ¡ÒúÓÃØ§ÃÑ¡ÉÒÀÒÉÒ à»ç¹Ë¹éÒ·Õè¢Í§»ÃЪҪ¹à¨éҢͧ»ÃÐà·Èâ´ÂµÃ§ ¡ÒÃãªéÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉ»¹ÀÒÉÒä·ÂÍÒ¨·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊѺʹ áÅÐ
saamR gaanM bamM roongM rakH saaR phaaM saaR bpenM naaF theeF khaawngR bpraL chaaM chohnM jaoF khaawngR bpraL thaehtF dooyM dtrohngM gaanM chaiH phaaM saaR angM gritL bpohnM phaaM saaR thaiM aatL thamM haiF geertL khwaamM sapL sohnR laeH
3. The preservation of our language is (our) direct responsibility as natives of this country. The mixing of English with Thai can only create confusion. And,
ô. ¡ÒþѲ¹ÒÀÒÉÒ à»ç¹Ë¹éÒ·Õè¢Í§¹Ñ¡»ÃÒª­ìÃÒªºÑ³±Ôµ·Ñé§ËÅÒ µéͧ令ԴÇèÒ...¨Ð¾Ñ²¹ÒÀÒÉÒä´éÍÂèÒ§äúéÒ§ ÍÒ¨¡Ó˹´ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃãªéÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µì ¡ÒÃѹµì ¡ÒÃÍÍ¡àÊÕ§ à¾×èÍãËéÀÒÉÒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¾Íà¾Õ§
seeL gaanM phatH thaH naaM phaaM saaR bpenM naaF theeF khaawngR nakH bpraat[n]L raatF chaH banM ditL thangH laayR dtaawngF bpaiM khitH waaF jaL phatH thaH naaM phaaM saaR daiF yaangL raiM baangF aatL gamM nohtL wiH theeM gaanM chaiH wanM naH yook[d]H gaaM ran[d]M gaanM aawkL siiangR pheuuaF haiF phaaM saaR meeM khwaamM phaawM phiiangM
4. The development of (our) language is the responsibility of the scholars at the (Royal) Institute who should be thinking about how the language should be improved. Perhaps they should set forth methods for the use of tone marks; the silencer mark; and, methods of pronunciation so that (our) language can attain sufficiency, (moderation, and fairness).
¡ÒÃÍÍ¡àÊÕ§»ÃЪÒÁµÔ¤§äÁèÍÒ¨ËÅÕ¡àÅÕè§ä´é¶éÒ¹Ò¡ÃѰÁ¹µÃÕÂѧÂ×¹¡ÃÒ¹ÍÂÙèàªè¹à´ÔÁ
gaanM aawkL siiangR bpraL chaaM maH dtiL khohngM maiF aatL leekL liiangF daiF thaaF naaM yohkH ratH thaL mohnM dtreeM yangM yeuunM graanM yuuL chehnF deermM
"A plebiscite cannot be avoided if the Prime Minister continues to hold fast to his original position."
¡Ôê¡ÍÒ¨à»ÅÕè¹ʶҹÐä´é áÅÐËéÒÁàÈÃéÒ
gikH aatL bpliianL saL thaaR naH daiF laeH haamF saoF
Your ¡Ôê¡  may end (the relationship) any time; (if so,) don't be sad.
à¢ÒäÁèÍÒ¨¾Ù´¶éͤÓã´ æ Íѹ¨Ð·ÓãËé¼ÙéÍ×è¹àÊÕÂã¨
khaoR maiF aatL phuutF thaawyF khamM daiM daiM anM jaL thamM haiF phuuF euunL siiaR jaiM
He can’t speak even one word which dismays others.
à¢ÒÍÒ¨¨ÐÁÕËÃ×ÍäÁèÁÕá¼¹ÍÐäÃã¹ã¨¡çä´é...ã¤Ã¨Ðä»ÃÙé
khaoR aatL jaL meeM reuuR maiF meeM phaaenR aL raiM naiM jaiM gawF daiF khraiM jaL bpaiM ruuH
"He might or might not be up to something — Who knows?"
ª¡µèÍÂ㹺ÃÔº·¢Í§¡Ò÷ÐàÅÒÐÇÔÇÒ·¡çäÁè´Õ áµèª¡µèÍÂ㹺ÃÔº·¢Í§¡Òû¡»éͧªèÇÂàËÅ×ͼÙéÍè͹áÍÍÒ¨¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹´Õ
chohkH dtaawyL naiM bawL riH bohtL khaawngR gaanM thaH lawH wiH waatF gawF maiF deeM dtaaeL chohkH dtaawyL naiM bawL riH bohtL khaawngR gaanM bpohkL bpaawngF chuayF leuuaR phuuF aawnL aaeM aatL glaayM bpenM deeM
"To fight in the context of an aggressor is not good; however to fight in the context of protecting and helping the weak is perhapts a good thing."
«Ò¡´Ö¡´ÓºÃþìÁÕËÅÒª¹Ô´ ÍÒ¨à»ç¹ÊÔè§·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¤§·¹ÂÒ¡µèÍ¡Ò÷ÓÅÒ àªè¹ ¿Ñ¹ ¡Ãд١ ËÃ×Í à»Å×Í¡ áµè㹺ҧÊÀÒÇÐ ÍÒ¨ÁÕ¡ÒÃà¡çºÃÑ¡ÉÒ«Ò¡ÊѵÇì·Ñé§µÑÇãË餧ÍÂÙèä´é
saakF deukL damM ban[p]M meeM laayR chaH nitH aatL bpenM singL theeF meeM khwaamM khohngM thohnM yaakF dtaawL gaanM thamM laayM chehnF fanM graL duukL reuuR bpleuuakL dtaaeL naiM baangM saL phaaM waH aatL meeM gaanM gepL rakH saaR saakF sat[w]L thangH dtuaaM haiF khohngM yuuL daiF
"There are many kinds of fossils. Sometimes they are highly durable items which are difficult to destroy, such as teeth, bones, or shells. However, in some situations, they represent preservation of the remains of complete animal bodies."
...áµè·ÕèÊӤѭ¤×Í¡ÒÃÁÕÁ¹ØÉ¸ÃÃÁµèÍà¾×è͹ÃèÇÁâÅ¡àÁ×èÍàËç¹ÀѾԺѵԤÃèÒªÕÇÔµ¼Ù餹·ÕèÍÒ¨àÃÕ¡ä´éÇèÒµÒÂà»ç¹àº×Í áÅзÃѾÂìÊÔ¹àÊÕÂËÒÂÂèÍÂÂѺ
dtaaeL theeF samR khanM kheuuM gaanM meeM maH nootH saL yaH thamM dtaawL pheuuanF ruaamF lohkF meuuaF henR phaiM phiH batL khraaF cheeM witH phuuF khohnM theeF aatL riiakF daiF waaF dtaayM bpenM beuuaM laeH sap[y]H sinR siiaR haayR yaawyF yapH
...but most importantly the humaneness and compassion (we need to show) to our friends on this earth when we see the tragedy which takes the lives of (our fellow) human beings, which we may call “perishing in great numbers,” as well as the utter destruction of (their) property.
áµèËÒ¡¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃàÍÒ¤ÇÒÁàË繢ͧµ¹à»ç¹ãË­è â´ÂÁÔä´éÈÖ¡ÉÒÍÂèÒ§¶èͧá·é à»ç¹ÊÔè§·Õè¹èÒà»ç¹ËèǧÂÔè§ à¾ÃÒШзÓãËéà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁà¢éÒã¨ÍÂèÒ§¼Ô´ æ áÅÐÍÒ¨¹Óä»ÊÙè¤ÇÒÁ¢Ñ´áÂé§·ÕèºÒ¹»ÅÒÂ
dtaaeL haakL nakH wiH chaaM gaanM aoM khwaamM henR khaawngR dtohnM bpenM yaiL dooyM miH daiF seukL saaR yaangL thaawngL thaaeH bpenM singL theeF naaF bpenM huaangL yingF phrawH jaL thamM haiF geertL khwaamM khaoF jaiM yaangL phitL phitL laeH aatL namM bpaiM suuL khwaamM khatL yaaengH theeF baanM bplaayM
"However, if the experts consider their own opinions as paramount, and do not study (these issues) fully, then, these are really things to be concerned about. This is because misunderstandings will be created and disagreements will escalate."
¶éÒà»ç¹¾Ç¡ÁÕà§Ô¹ËÃ×;ǡºØ­Ë¹Ñ¡ÈÑ¡´ÔìãË­èÅÙ¡ËÅÒ¹¡çÍÒ¨¨Ð¿Ñ§ä´éà¾ÃÒÐà¡Ã§ã¨ã¹ÊÁºÑµÔ
thaaF bpenM phuaakF meeM ngernM reuuR phuaakF boonM nakL sakL yaiL luukF laanR gawF aatL jaL fangM daiF phrawH graehngM jaiM naiM sohmR batL
"If they are from the rich and powerful, their progeny may listen (to them) because they are concerned about their wealth."
¶Ö§áÁé¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃ͸ԺÒÂÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´¤ÇÒÁÃÙé¢Í§ÊÁÒ¸Ôã¹àªÔ§·ÄÉ®Õ áµè¡ÃйÑ鹡çÁÔÍÒ¨¨ÐÅÐàÅÂÊÁÒ¸Ôã¹àªÔ§»¯ÔºÑµÔä´é
theungR maaeH jaL meeM gaanM aL thiH baayM raayM laH iiatL khwaamM ruuH khaawngR saL maaM thiH naiM cheerngM thritH saL deeM dtaaeL graL nanH gawF miH aatL jaL laH leeuyM saL maaM thiH naiM cheerngM bpaL dtiL batL daiF
"Even though one can explain the details of meditation in a theoretical manner, one cannot ingore the practice of meditation."
¹Í¡¨Ò¡¤¹ä·ÂµéͧáÊ´§¹éÓã¨àÍ×éÍÍÒ·Ãà¼×èÍá¼èãËéàË繡ѹã¹ÂÒÁÂÒ¡áÅéÇ ¤¹ä·Â¡çµéͧàµÃÕÂÁ¾ÃéÍÁ·Õè¨ÐÃѺÁ×͡ѺÀѸÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèÍÒ¨à¡Ô´¢Öé¹´éÇÂ
naawkF jaakL khohnM thaiM dtaawngF saL daaengM namH jaiM euuaF aaM thaawnM pheuuaL phaaeL haiF henR ganM naiM yaamM yaakF laaeoH khohnM thaiM gawF dtaawngF dtriiamM phraawmH theeF jaL rapH meuuM gapL phaiM thamM maH chaatF theeF aatL geertL kheunF duayF
The Thai people, besides needing to demonstrate kindness, assistance, and magnanimity in this time of difficulty, must prepare to cope with additional natural disasters which might come once again.
¼ÁàͧäÁèä´é¤é¹¤ÇéÒàÃ×èͧ¹Õéà»ç¹ËÅÑ¡ à»ç¹à¾Õ§ÍèÒ¹¾ºâ´ÂºÑ§àÍÔ­¨Ò¡¡Òä鹤ÇéÒàÃ×èͧÍ×è¹à·èÒ¹Ñé¹ ÍÒ¨¨ÐÁͧ¢éÒÁµ¡ËÅè¹
phohmR aehngM maiF daiF khohnH khwaaH reuuangF neeH bpenM lakL bpenM phiiangM aanL phohpH dooyM bangM eernM jaakL gaanM khohnH khwaaH reuuangF euunL thaoF nanH aatL jaL maawngM khaamF dtohkL lohnL
"I myself did not research this issue as a primary matter; I only stumbled across this issue in passing. Perhaps I overlooked or missed (something)."
¼Ò³Ôµ¼ÔªÔ´Á´Ä ¨ÐÍ´ºèÍÒ¨¨ÐÁÕ
phaaR nitH phiL chitH mohtH jaL ohtL baawL aatL jaL meeM
"Like an ant next to sugar, who can't be happy?"
àÁ×èÍà¨ÍСѺ»ÃЪҸԻäµÂ¨Ö§ÂèÍÁä¢Çéà¢ÇáÅÐÍÒ¨¨ÐËŧàʹèËìàÊ×ÍÊÔ§Ëì¡Ãзԧáôä´é§èÒÂ
meuuaF juhL gapL bpraL chaaM thipH dtaiM jeungM yaawmF khwaiF khwaehR laeH aatL jaL lohngR saL neh[h]L seuuaR sing[h]R graL thingM raaetF daiF ngaayF
"When confronted by democracy they become confused and are subject to being bamboozled by the wiles of con artists and flimflam men."
˹éÒ·Õè¤Í¡ѹäÁèãËé¼ÙéªØÁ¹ØÁ´éÒ¹ËÅѧ ᵡ¢ºÇ¹ÅéÓ˹éÒ¨Ò¡¡ÅØèÁä» «Öè§ÍÒ¨¨Ð·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áçä´é
naaF theeF khaawyM ganM maiF haiF phuuF choomM noomM daanF langR dtaaekL khaL buaanM lamH naaF jaakL gloomL bpaiM seungF aatL jaL thamM haiF geertL khwaamM roonM raaengM daiF
"Their responsibility is to wait and prevent the people coming in afterwards from leaving their designated group and overtaking the group that is just leaving; (if this were to happen) it might cause violence to occur."
à˵ءÒóì·Õèà¡Ô´ã¹¾ÁèÒ¤ÃÑé§¹Õé«Öè§à»ç¹»ÃÐà·Èà¾×è͹ºéÒ¹·ÕèÁÕ¾ÃÁá´¹µÔ´¡Ñºä·Â¡ÃзÓãË餹ä·ÂäÁèÍÒ¨Áͧ¢éÒÁä»ä´é...
haehtL gaan[n]M theeF geertL naiM phaH maaF khrangH neeH seungF bpenM bpraL thaehtF pheuuanF baanF theeF meeM phrohmM daaenM dtitL gapL thaiM graL thamM haiF khohnM thaiM maiF aatL maawngM khaamF bpaiM daiF
These events in Burma, which is Thailand’s next-door neighbor, cannot be overlooked by the Thai people—
as a prefixÍÒ¨¨ÐaatL jaL[auxiliary verb combination] may (possibility); might; maybe; perhaps will; probably; possibly
ÍÒ¨ÁÕaatL meeM<subject> may have
2. äÁèÍÒ¨  maiF aatL  [adjective, verb, intransitive, phrase, formal]
definition
[formal] unable; cannot; could not; may not; might not

exampleäÁèÍÒ¨·Õè¨ÐmaiF aatL theeF jaL[auxiliary verb combination] unable to...
sample
sentence
à¢ÒäÁèÍÒ¨á¢ç§ã¨ËÅѺµèÍä´éÍÕ¡ ·Ñé§ æ ·ÕèÍÔ´âÃÂÍÂèÒ§àµçÁ·Õè
khaoR maiF aatL khaengR jaiM lapL dtaawL daiF eekL thangH thangH theeF itL rooyM yaangL dtemM theeF
"He cannot continue sleeping despite sheer fatigue."
as a prefixäÁèÍҨŧÁµÔmaiF aatL lohngM maH dtiLcannot decide; cannot resolve
3.   [modifier]
definition
[is] brave; courageous; bold

exampleÍÒ¨ËÒ­aatL haanR[is] bold; daring; courageous; fearless

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