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ËÃ×Í  reuuR
contents of this page
1.or
2.[a word used at the end of a statement to indicate a question, usually when the response is presumed]
3."Really?"

pronunciation guide
Phonemic ThaiËÚÃ×Í
IPArɯ̌ː
Royal Thai General Systemrue

1. common Thai word   [conjunction, formal]
definition
or

related wordÃÖreuH[colloquial shortening of] ËÃ×Í , [the word] or
examples
¡ç¤×͹ѡ¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧµéͧäÁèÅØá¡èÍÓ¹Ò¨ äÁèÇèҨдéǤÇÒÁËŧ ËÃ×ÍàËÅÔ§â´ÂäÁè¤Ó¹Ö§¶Ö§¼Ô´ ªÍº ªÑèÇ ´Õ
gawF kheuuM nakH gaanM meuuangM dtaawngF maiF looH gaaeL ahmM naatF maiF waaF jaL duayF khwaamM lohngR reuuR leerngR dooyM maiF khahmM neungM theungR phitL chaawpF chuaaF deeM
Politicians must not attain power—whether by mistake or by overconfidence—without considering the right or wrong, good or bad, (of their actions).
¡ÒÃà¢Õ¹ ËÃ×ÍÃǺÃÇÁ¾¨¹Ò¹Ø¡ÃÁ
gaanM khiianR reuuR ruaapF ruaamM phohtH jaL naaM nooH grohmM
lexicography
¡ÒÃá¢Ç¹¤ÍËÃ×Í»ÃÐËÒêÕÇÔµâ´ÂÈÒÅàµÕé ¨Ò¡¡ÅØèÁ¤¹·ÕèÁÔä´éÁÕÍÓ¹Ò¨·Ò§¡®ËÁÒÂ
gaanM khwaaenR khaawM reuuR bpraL haanR cheeM witH dooyM saanR dtiiaF jaakL gloomL khohnM theeF miH daiF meeM ahmM naatF thaangM gohtL maayR
lynching
¡ÒÃà¤Âà»ç¹à¹×éͤÙè ËÃ×ÍÍÂÙèÃèÇÁ¡Ñ¹ÁÒ㹪ҵԻҧ¡è͹
gaanM kheeuyM bpenM neuuaH khuuF reuuR yuuL ruaamF ganM maaM naiM chaatF bpaangM gaawnL
See ºØ¾à¾Êѹ¹ÔÇÒÊ
¡Ò÷ÑȹҨÃËÃ×;ѡ¼è͹ËÂè͹㨢ͧ¤ÙèÊÁÃÊ
gaanM thatH saL naaM jaawnM reuuR phakH phaawnL yaawnL jaiM khaawngR khuuF sohmR rohtH
honeymoon
¡ÒúÃÔËÒà¨Ñ´¡Òà¤Çº¤ØÁáÅдÙáÅÃкºËÃ×Í¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃ(¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃì ¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ ¡ÒÃÊͺËÃ×Í¡ÒèèÒÂÂÒ à»ç¹µé¹)
gaanM bawL riH haanR jatL gaanM khuaapF khoomM laeH duuM laaeM raH bohpL reuuR graL buaanM gaanM khaawmM phiuM dtuuhrM gaanM meuuangM gaanM saawpL reuuR gaanM jaayL yaaM bpenM dtohnF
administration
¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒËÃ×Í¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁàËÃÕ­¡ÉÒ»³ì
gaanM seukL saaR reuuR gaanM saL sohmR riianR gaL saap[n]L
[formal term] numismatics
¡ÒÃÍÁËÃ×ÍàÅÕÂͧ¤ªÒµgaanM ohmM reuuR liiaM ohngM khaH chaatFfellatio; oral stimulation of the penis [esp.] to orgasm
à¡ÕèÂǡѺËÃ×Íà»ç¹âä»Í´ÍÑ¡àʺËÃ×ͻʹºÇÁ
giaaoL gapL reuuR bpenM rohkF bpaawtL akL saehpL reuuR bpaawtL buaamM
pneumonic
à¢Ò¡ÇÒ§ËÃ×ÍÅÐÁÑè§khaoR gwaangM reuuR laH mangFhead
à¢Õ¹ËÃ×ÍÇÒ´ÍÂèÒ§ã¨ÅÍÂ
khiianR reuuR waatF yaangL jaiM laawyM
to doodle
¤¹·ÕèÃèÒ§¡ÒÂáÅÐÊÁͧ¾Ô¡ÒÃà¾ÃÒÐÍØºÑµÔà˵ØËÃ×Íâä
khohnM theeF raangF gaayM laeH saL maawngR phiH gaanM phrawH ooL batL haehtL reuuR rohkF
person with bodily and mental disability owing to accident or disease
¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´»¡µÔ·Ò§¡ÒÂËÃ×Íã¨
khwaamM phitL bpaL gaL dtiL thaangM gaayM reuuR jaiM
(medical) disorder
¤ÇÒÁËÃ×ÍàÃ×èͧäÃéÊÒÃÐ
khwaamM reuuR reuuangF raiH saaR raH
bull; exaggerations; lies; nonsense
¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·Õè»ÃСͺ¤Ó¹ÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â ËÃ×Íà»ç¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì áµèä´éãªéã¹ÀÒÉÒä·ÂÁÒ¨¹¶×Íà»ç¹¤Óä·ÂáÅéÇ ãËéÇÒ§¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ìäÇéËÅѧ¤Ó¹ÒÁ àªè¹
khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF bpraL gaawpL khahmM naamM theeF bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM reuuR bpenM khahmM thapH sap[t]L dtaaeL daiF chaiH naiM phaaM saaR thaiM maaM johnM theuuR bpenM khahmM thaiM laaeoH haiF waangM khahmM khoonM sap[t]L waiH langR khahmM naamM chehnF
If an adjective is combined with a native Thai noun or a transcribed word which has a long history of usage and this is treated as a native Thai word, the adjective should be placed behind the noun (as in standard Thai grammar conventions).
¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡¤Ó¹ÒÁ «Öè§ÁջѭËÒÇèҨзѺÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁËÃ×ͤӤسÈѾ·ì¹Ñé¹ ãËé¶×ÍËÅѡࡳ±ì´Ñ§¹Õé
khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF maaM jaakL khahmM naamM seungF meeM bpanM haaR waaF jaL thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM naamM reuuR khahmM khoonM sap[t]L nanH haiF theuuR lakL gaehn[t]M dangM neeH
For adjectives derived from nouns which present difficulty as to whether they should be transcribed as nouns or adjectives, one should use the following rules:
¤ÓËÃ×;ÂÒ§¤ì·ÕèµÑÇÊС´ÁÕ¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÒÁÁÒËÅÒµÑÇ ãËéãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ·ѳ±¦Òµ äÇ麹¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð·ÕèäÁèÍÍ¡àÊÕ§µÑÇÊØ´·éÒÂáµèà¾Õ§áËè§à´ÕÂÇ àªè¹
khahmM reuuR phaH yaang[k]M theeF dtuaaM saL gohtL meeM phaH yanM chaH naH dtaamM maaM laayR dtuaaM haiF saiL khreuuangF maayR thanM thaH khaatF waiH bohnM phaH yanM chaH naH theeF maiF aawkL siiangR dtuaaM sootL thaayH dtaaeL phiiangM haengL diaaoM chehnF
In a word or syllable which has several final consonants, one should use a silencer only on the very last consonant which is not sounded out, for example:
¤ÓËÃ×;ÂÒ§¤ì·ÕèÁÕ¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐäÁèÍÍ¡àÊÕ§ÍÂÙè˹éÒµÑÇÊС´ ·ÕèÂѧÁÕ¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÒÁËÅѧÁÒÍÕ¡ ãËéµÑ´¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð·ÕèÍÂÙè˹éÒµÑÇÊС´ÍÍ¡ áÅÐãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ·ѳ±¦ÒµäÇ麹¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÑÇÊØ´·éÒ àªè¹
khahmM reuuR phaH yaang[k]M theeF meeM phaH yanM chaH naH maiF aawkL siiangR yuuL naaF dtuaaM saL gohtL theeF yangM meeM phaH yanM chaH naH dtaamM langR maaM eekL haiF dtatL phaH yanM chaH naH theeF yuuL naaF dtuaaM saL gohtL aawkL laeH saiL khreuuangF maayR thanM thaH khaatF waiH bohnM phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM sootL thaayH chehnF
In a word or syllable which has consonants which are not pronounced, which are placed before the final consonant, and where there are consonants following, such non-pronounced consonants should be cut out and a silencer inserted over the final, non-pronounced consonant. For example:
¤ÓËÃ×ÍàÊÕ§ÊÑÁ¼ÑÊÍÑ¡ÉÃ
khahmM reuuR siiangR samR phatL akL saawnR
alliteration
§ÙàËèÒâ´ÂÁÒ¡´ÓáÅÐÁÕ´Í¡¨Ñ¹ËÃ×ͨشÅÒÂÍÂÙè·Õè¤Í
nguuM haoL dooyM maakF dahmM laeH meeM daawkL janM reuuR jootL laayM yuuL theeF khaawM
Cobras are generally black and have stars or spots streaked on the neck.
áµè¶éÒà»ç¹ÈѾ·ì·Ò§ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃËÃ×ÍÇÔÊÒÁҹ¹ÒÁãËéà¡çºäÇé·Ñé§ ò µÑÇ â´ÂãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ·ѳ±¦ÒµäÇé·ÕèµÑÇ·éÒ àªè¹
dtaaeL thaaF bpenM sap[t]L thaangM wiH chaaM gaanM reuuR wiH saaR maanM yaH naamM haiF gepL waiH thangH saawngR dtuaaM dooyM saiL khreuuangF maayR thanM thaH khaatF waiH theeF dtuaaM thaayH chehnF
However, if such word is a technical term or is a proper noun, the double letters are retained and a silencer is placed over the second letter, for example:
áµèºÒ§·Õ¶éÒàÃÒä»à·ÕèÂÇã¹»èÒËÃ×Í·Øè§¹Òà»ÅÕèÂÇ æ àÃÒÍÒ¨¾º§ÙºéÒ§àËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹
dtaaeL baangM theeM thaaF raoM bpaiM thiaaoF naiM bpaaL reuuR thoongF naaM bpliaaoL bpliaaoL raoM aatL phohpH nguuM baangF meuuanR ganM
But sometimes if we go on a trip into the forest or remote crop field we might find a snake after all.
áµéÁËÃ×ͤÐá¹¹·Õèä´édtaaemF reuuR khaH naaenM theeF daiFgame; games
¶éҤӤسÈѾ·ì¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂÇèÒ "à¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡ÑºËÃ×Í "à¡ÕèÂÇà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁâ´Âãªé¤Ó»ÃСͺ àªÔ§ áºº ÍÂèÒ§ ·Ò§ ª¹Ô´ Ãкº ÏÅÏ áÅéÇáµè¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ àªè¹
thaaF khahmM khoonM sap[t]L nanH meeM khwaamM maayR waaF giaaoL khaawngF gapL reuuR giaaoL neuuangF jaakL khahmM naamM nanH haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM naamM dooyM chaiH khahmM bpraL gaawpL cheerngM baaepL yaangL thaangM chaH nitH raH bohpL laaeoH dtaaeL khwaamM maayR chehnF
If the adjective has the meaning of "concerning, involving" or "connected, related to" the noun should be transcribed in the noun form using a compound word (a combined Thai and English word) and the Thai connectors, àªÔ§  Ẻ  ÍÂèÒ§  ·Ò§  ª¹Ô´  Ãкº  and the like, depending on the particular meaning, for example:
¶éҤӤسÈѾ·ì¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂàËÁ×͹¤Ó¹ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇèÒ "à»ç¹¢Í§ËÃ×Í "à»ç¹àÃ×èͧ¢Í§¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁ àªè¹
thaaF khahmM khoonM sap[t]L nanH meeM khwaamM maayR meuuanR khahmM naamM reuuR maayR khwaamM waaF bpenM khaawngR reuuR bpenM reuuangF khaawngR khahmM naamM nanH haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM naamM chehnF
If the adjective has the same meaning as the associated noun, or carries the meaning of “is an element of” or “is about” the noun, the adjective should be transcribed in the same form as the noun, for example:
·ÄɮշÕèÇèÒ ¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ìÃÐËÇèÒ§¨ÔµáÅÐÇѵ¶Ø¢Öé¹ÍÂÙè¡Ñº¡ÒôÓà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃËÃ×Í¡Ãкǹ¡Òâͧ¨Ôµ
thritH saL deeM theeF waaF khwaamM samR phan[t]M raH waangL jitL laeH watH thooL kheunF yuuL gapL gaanM dahmM neernM gaanM reuuR graL buaanM gaanM khaawngR jitL
activism
·Ó´éÇÂà¤Ã×èͧÊÒ¹ËÃ×Íà¤Ã×èͧËÇÒÂ
thahmM duayF khreuuangF saanR reuuR khreuuangF waayR
wicker
¹Ñ¡ÈÖ¡ÉÒËÃ×͹ѡÊÐÊÁàËÃÕ­¡ÉÒ»³ì
nakH seukL saaR reuuR nakH saL sohmR riianR gaL saap[n]L
numismatist
à¹×éÍÊѵÇì·ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÓËÃѺͺËÃ×Í»Ôé§
neuuaH sat[w]L theeF mawL sahmR rapL ohpL reuuR bpingF
meat suitable for roasting or baking
á¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒûÃѺÃÒ¤ÒÊÔ¹¤éÒÁÕÊͧ·Ò§¤×Í ËÒ¡äÁè»ÃѺ¢Öé¹ÃÒ¤Òâ´ÂµÃ§¡ç¨ÐãªéÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃÅ´¹éÓ˹ѡËÃ×Íä««ìÊÔ¹¤éÒŧ
naaeoM thaangM gaanM bprapL raaM khaaM sinR khaaH meeM saawngR thaangM kheuuM haakL maiF bprapL kheunF raaM khaaM dooyM dtrohngM gawF jaL chaiH wiH theeM gaanM lohtH nahmH nakL reuuR sai[s]M sinR khaaH lohngM
There are two ways of adjusting the price of products, if you do not directly increase the price: either you can reduce the (product's) weight or its size.
㹡óշÕè¡Ò÷ѺÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁµÒÁ¢éÍ ñð.ñ áÅТéÍ ñð.ò ·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ¡ӡÇÁËÃ×ͤÅÒ´à¤Å×è͹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì àªè¹
naiM gaL raH neeM theeF gaanM thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM naamM dtaamM khaawF sipL neungL laeH khaawF sipL saawngR thahmM haiF geertL khwaamM maayR gahmM guaamM reuuR khlaatF khleuuanF haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM khoonM sap[t]L chehnF
In cases in which transcriptions involving nouns under rules 10.1 and 10.2 above create meanings which are ambiguous or incorrect, the words should be changed to be stated in the adjectival form, for example:
ºØ¤¤ÅËÃ×ÍÊÔè§·Õ褹ÊÒ»áªè§ËÃ×Íà¡ÅÕ´ªÑ§
bookL khohnM reuuR singL theeF khohnM saapL chaaengF reuuR gliiatL changM
anathema; the excommunicated; the cursed
ºØ¤¤ÅËÃ×ÍÊÔè§·Õè·ÓãËéàºÔ¡ºÒ¹ã¨ÁÒ¡
bookL khohnM reuuR singL theeF thahmM haiF beerkL baanM jaiM maakF
an amusing thing — "a gas"
¼ÙéºÃÔËÒà¨Ñ´¡Òà¤Çº¤ØÁáÅдÙáÅÃкºËÃ×Í¡Ãкǹ¡Òà(¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃì ¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ ¡ÒÃÊͺËÃ×Í¡ÒèèÒÂÂÒ à»ç¹µé¹)
phuuF bawL riH haanR jatL gaanM khuaapF khoomM laeH duuM laaeM raH bohpL reuuR graL buaanM gaanM khaawmM phiuM dtuuhrM gaanM meuuangM gaanM saawpL reuuR gaanM jaayL yaaM bpenM dtohnF
[Thai description of an] administrator
¾ÅÑèÇËÃ×ͪé͹µÑ¡´Ô¹phluaaF reuuR chaawnH dtakL dinMgardening trowel
¾×é¹ËÃ×ͪÑ鹢ͧºéÒ¹pheuunH reuuR chanH khaawngR baanFa house floor
¾Ù´ËÃ×Íà¢Õ¹ä´éà¾Õ§ÀÒÉÒà´ÕÂÇ
phuutF reuuR khiianR daiF phiiangM phaaM saaR diaaoM
monolingual
¾Ù´ËÃ×Íà¢Õ¹ä´éÊͧÀÒÉÒ
phuutF reuuR khiianR daiF saawngR phaaM saaR
bilingual
¾Ù´ËÃ×Íà¢Õ¹ä´éËÅÒÂÀÒÉÒ
phuutF reuuR khiianR daiF laayR phaaM saaR
multilingual
á¿éÁËÃ×Í»¡àÍ¡ÊÒ÷Õè¶Í´ÍÍ¡ä´é 
faaemH reuuR bpohkL aehkL gaL saanR theeF thaawtL aawkL daiF
loose leaf binder
ÁÕàÊÕ§¡ÃзºËÃ×ͪ¹¡Ñ¹
meeM siiangR graL thohpH reuuR chohnM ganM
to crash
ÁÕËÃ×ÍÊ觼šÃзºµèÍmeeM reuuR sohngL phohnR graL thohpH dtaawLaffect
äÁèÊÒÁÒöà»ÅÕè¹ÃٻẺ ËÃ×Íâ͹ãËé¼ÙéÍ×è¹ä´é
maiF saaR maatF bpliianL ruupF baaepL reuuR ohnM haiF phuuF euunL daiF
[voucher, offer, prize, etc.] non-transferable.
¡àÇé¹ã¹¡Ã³Õ·Õèà»ç¹ÈѾ·ì·Ò§ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃËÃ×ÍÇÔÊÒÁҹ¹ÒÁ àªè¹
yohkH wehnH naiM gaL raH neeM theeF bpenM sap[t]L thaangM wiH chaaM gaanM reuuR wiH saaR maanM yaH naamM chehnF
There is an exception for technical terms and proper names, for example:
ÂÒËÃ×ÍÊÒõéÒ¹¡ÒèѺµÑÇà»ç¹ÅÔèÁ
yaaM reuuR saanR dtaanF gaanM japL dtuaaM bpenM limF
anticoagulant drugs, chemical, or agent
ÃÊËÃ×ÍÍÒÃÁ³ìã¹ÇÃó¤´Õä·Â
rohtH reuuR aaM rohm[n]M naiM wanM naH khaH deeM thaiM
the four moods in the Thai literature
ÃÐàºÔ´ËÃ×Í¡ÃзºÍÂèÒ§ÃØ¹áç
raH beertL reuuR graL thohpH yaangL roonM raaengM
to implode
áÃèÃѵ¹ªÒµÔÊÕ¹éÓà§Ô¹ËÃ×͹éÓà§Ô¹ÍÁà¢ÕÂÇ
raaeF ratH naH chaatF seeR nahmH ngernM reuuR nahmH ngernM ohmM khiaaoR
turquoise—an opaque mineral, a basic hydrous copper ÍÅÙÁÔà¹ÕÂÁ¿ÍÊ࿵ (aluminum phosphate) often containing a small amount of iron, sky-blue or greenish-blue in color, as a gem cut en cabochon
âä¢éÍÁ×ÍËÃ×Í¢éÍà·éһǴÍÑ¡àʺ
rohkF khaawF meuuM reuuR khaawF thaaoH bpuaatL akL saehpL
[see âäà¡Òµì (gout)]
àÅ×Í¡ËÃ×ͨӡѴÍÒËÒÃà¾×èÍÊØ¢ÀÒ¾ËÃ×Íà¾×èÍÅ´¹éÓ˹ѡ
leuuakF reuuR jahmM gatL aaM haanR pheuuaF sookL khaL phaapF reuuR pheuuaF lohtH nahmH nakL
to diet
ÈѾ·ìËÃ×ÍÀÒÉÒ·Õè¹ØèÁ¹ÇÅËÙ
sap[t]L reuuR phaaM saaR theeF noomF nuaanM huuR
[grammar] euphemism [see notes]
ÈÔŻСÒÃà¢Õ¹-ÇÒ´ÀÒ¾ËÃ×Í¡ÒÃìµÙ¹ÅéÍàÅÕ¹
sinR laH bpaL gaanM khiianR waatF phaapF reuuR gaa[r]M dtuunM laawH liianM
caricature
ʺÒ´ÕËÃ×ͤèРÊèǹ©Ñ¹¡çʺÒ´ÕáÅФԴ¶Ö§ÁÒ¡
saL baayM deeM reuuR khaF suaanL chanR gawF saL baayM deeM laeH khitH theungR maakF
How are you? As for me, I'm fine and miss you a lot.
ÊèǹàÇéÒà¢éҢͧ¡Óá¾§ËÃ×ÍÍÒ¤ÒÃ
suaanL waaoH khaoF khaawngR gahmM phaaengM reuuR aaM khaanM
recession
ÊѵÇìËÃ×;ת·ÕèâµàµçÁ·Õè
sat[w]L reuuR pheuutF theeF dtohM dtemM theeF
adult
ÊÒÁÕËÃ×ÍÀÃÃÂÒsaaR meeM reuuR phanM raH yaaMmate; spouse
ÊÔè§ËÃ×ÍàÃ×èͧ·Õè¹èÒÃÓ¤Ò­ã¨
singL reuuR reuuangF theeF naaF rahmM khaanM jaiM
pet peeve
ÊÔ·¸ÔËÃ×ÍÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃà¢éÒä»
sitL thiH reuuR wiH theeM gaanM khaoF bpaiM
admission
ÊÙ­àÊÕ¤ÇÒÁ·Ã§¨Ó·Ñé§ËÁ´ËÃ×ͺҧÊèǹ
suunR siiaR khwaamM sohngM jahmM thangH mohtL reuuR baangM suaanL
amnesiac
àÊÕ§´Ñ§Ê¹Ñè¹·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒáÃзºËÃ×ͪ¹¡Ñ¹
siiangR dangM saL nanL theeF geertL jaakL gaanM graL thohpH reuuR chohnM ganM
crash
˹ѧÊ×Í ÀҾ¹µÃì ËÃ×ͧҹÈÔŻР·Õè¼ÅÔµ¢Öé¹ÍÂèÒ§ÅÇ¡ æ à¾×èÍ·Óà§Ô¹
nangR seuuR phaapF yohn[dr]M reuuR ngaanM sinR laH bpaL theeF phaL litH kheunF yaangL luaakF luaakF pheuuaF thahmM ngernM
potboiler—a usually inferior work (as of art or literature) produced chiefly for profit
ËÃ×Íà»ÅèÒreuuR bplaaoL...or not?
ËÃ×ÍäÁèreuuR maiFor not; whether; if; whether (or not); if...or not
ËÃ×ÍÂѧreuuR yangMor not; whether; if; whether (or not); if...or not
ËÃ×ÍÇèÒreuuR waaF"whether..." — "or that..."
ËÔ¹¤ÇÍÃ쵫ìâ»Ãè§ãʪ¹Ô´Ë¹Öè§ÁÕËÅÒ¡ÊÕàªè¹à·ÒËÃ×Í¢ÒÇ¢Øè¹
hinR khwaaw[r]d[s]F bprohngL saiR chaH nitH neungL meeM laakL seeR chehnF thaoM reuuR khaaoR khoonL
chalcedony
àËÁ×͹¡Ñº·Õ褹ä·Âµéͧ༪ԭ¡Ñ¹ÍÂÙè㹵͹¹Õé ËÃ×ÍäÁè¡ÕèÇѹ¹Ñº¨Ò¡¹Õéä»
meuuanR gapL theeF khohnM thaiM dtaawngF phaL cheernM ganM yuuL naiM dtaawnM neeH reuuR maiF geeL wanM napH jaakL neeH bpaiM
It seems that Thai must confront this issue right now, or if not (now), sometime in the near future.
ÍÒ¡ÒüԴ»¡µÔ·Ò§¡ÒÂËÃ×Íã¨
aaM gaanM phitL bpaL gaL dtiL thaangM gaayM reuuR jaiM
(medical) disorder
sample
sentences
¡ÃзÃǧà¡ÉµÃáÅÐÊˡóìä´éÁÕ¡ÒõÑ駡ͧ·Ø¹ËÃ×Íà§Ô¹·Ø¹ËÁعàÇÕ¹µèÒ§ æ à¾×èÍà»ç¹áËÅè§à§Ô¹·Ø¹¢Í§à¡ÉµÃ¡Ã
graL suaangM gaL saeht[r]L laeH saL hohkL ra[n]H daiF meeM gaanM dtangF gaawngM thoonM reuuR ngernM thoonM moonR wiianM dtaangL dtaangL pheuuaF bpenM laengL ngernM thoonM khaawngR gaL saeht[r]L gaawnM
"The Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives has set up various sums of money or revolving funds to be a source of investment capital for farmers."
¡ÃÐÊØ¹»×¹¹Ñ´à´ÕÂÇ·ÕèÍÍ¡¨Ò¡»Ò¡¡Ãк͡»×¹ªÓááà¢éÒãÊèÃèÒ§¢Í§¼ÙéªØÁ¹ØÁäÁèÇèÒ¤¹¹Ñé¹ ¨ÐµÒÂËÃ×ͺҴà¨çºà¾Õ§àÅ硹éÍ¡çÊÒÁÒö¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹àÃ×èͧãË­èáÅÐÃéÒÂáç
graL soonR bpeuunM natH diaaoM theeF aawkL jaakL bpaakL graL baawkL bpeuunM chahmM raaekF khaoF saiL raangF khaawngR phuuF choomM noomM maiF waaF khohnM nanH jaL dtaayM reuuR baatL jepL phiiangM lekH naawyH gawF saaR maatF glaayM bpenM reuuangF yaiL laeH raayH raaengM