Roger C. $20 Chao S-T. $10 Barbara B. $10 Shelly V. $25 Jonathan R. $33 Narisa N. $10 Liesbeth VvW. $25 Hanspeter H. $25 Michael Fuchs $50 Lim. S. $5 Linda V. 36¢ John A. $25 Steven S. $10 R.S.T. $5 Randal S. $10 Blake $40 Pehko M. $20 Dennis F. $10 Anderson K. H. $10 Gavin K. $30
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¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·Õè»ÃСͺ¤Ó¹ÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·ÂËÃ×Íà»ç¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ìáµèä´éãªéã¹ÀÒÉÒä·ÂÁÒ¨¹¶×Íà»ç¹¤Óä·ÂáÅéÇãËéÇÒ§¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ìäÇéËÅѧ¤Ó¹ÒÁàªè¹ khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L theeF bpraL gaawpL khamM naamM theeF bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM reuuR bpenM khamM thapH sap[t]L dtaaeL daiF chaiH naiM phaaM saaR thaiM maaM johnM theuuR bpenM khamM thaiM laaeoH haiF waangM khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L waiH langR khamM naamM chehnF If an adjective is combined with a native Thai noun or a transcribed word which has a long history of usage and this is treated as a native Thai word, the adjective should be placed behind the noun (as in standard Thai grammar conventions).
¤ÓËÃ×;ÂÒ§¤ì·ÕèµÑÇÊС´ÁÕ¾ÂѪ¹ÐµÒÁÁÒËÅÒµÑÇãËéãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ·ѳ±¦ÒµäÇ麹¾ÂѪ¹Ð·ÕèäÁèÍÍ¡àÊÕ§µÑÇÊØ´·éÒÂáµèà¾Õ§áËè§à´ÕÂÇàªè¹ khamM reuuR phaH yaang[k]M theeF dtuaaM saL gohtL meeM phaH yanM chaH naH dtaamM maaM laayR dtuaaM haiF saiL khreuuangF maayR thanM thaH khaatF waiH bohnM phaH yanM chaH naH theeF maiF aawkL siiangR dtuaaM sootL thaayH dtaaeL phiiangM haengL diaaoM chehnF In a word or syllable which has several final consonants, one should use a silencer only on the very last consonant which is not sounded out, for example:
¤ÓËÃ×;ÂÒ§¤ì·ÕèÁÕ¾ÂѪ¹ÐäÁèÍÍ¡àÊÕ§ÍÂÙè˹éÒµÑÇÊС´·ÕèÂѧÁÕ¾ÂѪ¹ÐµÒÁËÅѧÁÒÍÕ¡ãËéµÑ´¾ÂѪ¹Ð·ÕèÍÂÙè˹éÒµÑÇÊС´ÍÍ¡áÅÐãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ·ѳ±¦ÒµäÇ麹¾ÂѪ¹ÐµÑÇÊØ´·éÒÂàªè¹ khamM reuuR phaH yaang[k]M theeF meeM phaH yanM chaH naH maiF aawkL siiangR yuuL naaF dtuaaM saL gohtL theeF yangM meeM phaH yanM chaH naH dtaamM langR maaM eekL haiF dtatL phaH yanM chaH naH theeF yuuL naaF dtuaaM saL gohtL aawkL laeH saiL khreuuangF maayR thanM thaH khaatF waiH bohnM phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM sootL thaayH chehnF In a word or syllable which has consonants which are not pronounced, which are placed before the final consonant, and where there are consonants following, such non-pronounced consonants should be cut out and a silencer inserted over the final, non-pronounced consonant. For example:
áµè¶éÒà»ç¹ÈѾ·ì·Ò§ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃËÃ×ÍÇÔÊÒÁҹ¹ÒÁãËéà¡çºäÇé·Ñé§òµÑÇâ´ÂãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ·ѳ±¦ÒµäÇé·ÕèµÑÇ·éÒÂàªè¹ dtaaeL thaaF bpenM sap[t]L thaangM wiH chaaM gaanM reuuR wiH saaR maanM yaH naamM haiF gepL waiH thangH saawngR dtuaaM dooyM saiL khreuuangF maayR thanM thaH khaatF waiH theeF dtuaaM thaayH chehnF However, if such word is a technical term or is a proper noun, the double letters are retained and a silencer is placed over the second letter, for example:
áµèËÒ¡¡´ÃÒ¤ÒÊÔ¹¤éÒäÇé㹤ÃÖè§»Õááà¾Õ§à¾×èÍËÇѧàÃ×èͧ¤Ðá¹¹¹ÔÂÁáÅÐÁÒÃÐàºÔ´µÙÁàÍÒ㹤ÃÖè§»ÕËÅѧ¼Å¡Ãзº¡Ñº¨ÔµÇÔ·ÂÒ¡Òë×éͨÐÁÕãËèËÅǧ dtaaeL haakL gohtL raaM khaaM sinR khaaH waiH naiM khreungF bpeeM raaekF phiiangM pheuuaF wangR reuuangF khaH naaenM niH yohmM laeH maaM raH beertL dtuumM aoM naiM khreungF bpeeM langR phohnR graL thohpH gapL jitL dtaL witH thaH yaaM gaanM seuuH jaL meeM yaiL luaangR However, if (the government) holds down the prices of goods during the first half of the year only for the purpose of hoping to (cater to a streak of) Populism, followed by an explosion in the second half, the psychological effect on purchasing will be enormous.
¶éÒµéͧ¡ÒÃà¹é¹ÇèÒ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹à»ç¹ÊÔè§·ÕèÁÕËÅÒª¹Ô´áÅФӤسÈѾ·ì·Õè»ÃСͺà»ç¹ª¹Ô´Ë¹Ö觢ͧ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ÍÒ¨·ÑºÈѾ·ìâ´Âãªé¤Ó»ÃСͺẺª¹Ô´ÃкºÏÅÏÁÒá·Ã¡äÇéÃÐËÇèÒ§¤Ó¹ÒÁ¡Ñº¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ìàªè¹ thaaF dtaawngF gaanM nehnH waaF khamM naamM nanH bpenM singL theeF meeM laayR chaH nitH laeH khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L theeF bpraL gaawpL bpenM chaH nitH neungL khaawngR khamM naamM nanH aatL thapH sap[t]L dooyM chaiH khamM bpraL gaawpL baaepL chaH nitH raH bohpL maaM saaekF waiH raH waangL khamM naamM gapL khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L chehnF If one wishes to emphasize the fact that a particular noun is one of many elements in a series and the adjective associated with that noun is one of those elements, one may transcribe using a Thai combining word such as Ẻ (model) ª¹Ô´ (kind or type) Ãкº (method or system), such as:
¾ÂѪ¹ÐµÑÇ·ÕèäÁèÍÍ¡àÊÕ§ã¹ÀÒÉÒä·ÂãËéãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ·ѳ±¦Òµ¡Ó¡ÑºäÇéàªè¹ phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM theeF maiF aawkL siiangR naiM phaaM saaR thaiM haiF saiL khreuuangF maayR thanM thaH khaatF gamM gapL waiH chehnF Consonants sounds (in the English word) which are not pronounced in Thai should be marked with a silencer, for example:
¡Ñ¡¹éÓäÇéà¼×èÍáÅé§ gakL naamH waiH pheuuaL laaengH "Save some water for use during the dry season."
¡Ñ¹äÇé´Õ¡ÇèÒá¡é ganM waiH deeM gwaaL gaaeF "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure."
à¡çº·Õè¹Ñè§äÇéãËé¼ÁÊͧ·Õèä´éäËÁ¤ÃѺ gepL theeF nangF waiH haiF phohmR saawngR theeF daiF maiR khrapH "Can you keep me two seats?"
à¢Òà¡çºà§Ô¹äÇéà¾×èÍÇèÒà¢Ò¨Ðä´éãªéàÁ×èÍá¡è khaoR gepL ngernM waiH pheuuaF waaF khaoR jaL daiF chaiH meuuaF gaaeL He is saving his money for the purpose of use when he is elderly.
à¢Ò·Ôé§´Ô¹ÊÍäÇ麹âµêÐ khaoR thingH dinM saawR waiH bohnM dtoH "He left the pencil lying on the table."
à¢ÒºÍ¡àÃÒàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹ÇèÒ¨Ðáµè§§Ò¹áµèÂѧ¡Ñꡪ×èÍà¨éÒÊÒÇäÇé khaoR baawkL raoM meuuanR ganM waaF jaL dtaengL ngaanM dtaaeL yangM gakH cheuuF jaoF saaoR waiH "He told us too that he was getting married but he did not tell us the name of the bride."
¤¹¡ÅØèÁ˹Öè§¡ÓÅѧ¨Ðà¢éÒ仫×éÍ¢éÒÇà¾×è͡ѡµØ¹äÇéÊÓËÃѺ¡ÒûÑè¹ÃÒ¤Ò¢éÒÇãËéÊÙ§¢Öé¹ khohnM gloomL neungL gamM langM jaL khaoF bpaiM seuuH khaaoF pheuuaF gakL dtoonM waiH samR rapL gaanM bpanL raaM khaaM khaaoF haiF suungR kheunF "One group is purchasing and hoarding rice in order to speculate on rising prices."
µéͧàÃÕ§äÇéã¡ÅéªÔ´µÔ´µè͡Ѻ¹ÒÁËÃ×ÍÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·ÕèÁѹ᷹ dtaawngF riiangM waiH glaiF chitH dtitL dtaawL gapL naamM reuuR sapL phaH naamM theeF manM thaaenM [They] must be placed adjacent to their related noun or pronoun.
µéͧàÃÕ§äÇé¢éÒ§ËÅѧ¤ÓÍ×蹹͡¨Ò¡¤Ó¹ÒÁáÅÐÊÃþ¹ÒÁ dtaawngF riiangM waiH khaangF langR khamM euunL naawkF jaakL khamM naamM laeH sapL phaH naamM [They] must be placed after another word excluding nouns and pronouns.
·Õè·éͧ¿éÒ¨ÓÅͧÁÕ¡Åéͧ´Ù´ÒÇäÇéºÃÔ¡ÒÃá¡è¼Ùéà¢éÒªÁ theeF thaawngH faaH jamM laawngM meeM glaawngF duuM daaoM waiH bawL riH gaanM gaaeL phuuF khaoF chohmM "There is a telescope at the planetarium for use by those who come to visit."
·Ø¡¤¹µéͧäÁèÇÍ¡áÇ¡µéͧà´Ô¹Ë¹éÒãËéÁÕ¡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡µÑé§ã¹Çѹ·Õè¡Ó˹´äÇé thookH khohnM dtaawngF maiF waawkF waaekF dtaawngF deernM naaF haiF meeM gaanM leuuakF dtangF naiM wanM theeF gamM nohtL waiH "No one should become distracted; you must press ahead so that the election can be held on the date designated."
à¹ÂäÁèá¢ç§µéͧà¡çºäÇéã¹µÙéàÂç¹µÅÍ´àÇÅÒ neeuyM maiF khaengR dtaawngF gepL waiH naiM dtuuF yenM dtaL laawtL waehM laaM "The butter is not hard. You must keep it in the refrigerator all the time."
ã¹àº×éͧµé¹à¨éÒ˹éÒ·ÕèÊѹ¹ÔɰҹÇèÒ¤¹ÃéÒÂàÅç´ÅÍ´ÅÑ¡Åͺ¹ÓÃÐàºÔ´ÁÒÇÒ§äÇé¢éÒ§»Ãе٪èǧ»ÅÍ´¤¹ naiM beuuangF dtohnF jaoF naaF theeF sanR nitH thaanR waaF khohnM raayH letH laawtF lakH laawpF namM raH beertL maaM waangM waiH khaangF bpraL dtuuM chuaangF bplaawtL khohnM "Initially, the authorities theorized that the terrorists infiltrated and smuggled in bombs and placed them near the entrance when no one was around."
º¹ÍÒ¤ÒÃÊÙ§ æÁÑ¡¨Ð¡ÃзӡÒõԴµÑé§ÊÒÂÅèÍ¿éÒäÇéà¾×èÍ»éͧ¡Ñ¹¿éÒ¼èÒ bohnM aaM khaanM suungR suungR makH jaL graL thamM gaanM dtitL dtangF saayR laawF faaH waiH pheuuaF bpaawngF ganM faaH phaaL "(Builders) attach lightning rods to the tops of tall buildings for the purpose of preventing (damage) from lightning strike."
¿Ñ§ËÙäÇéËÙ fangM huuR waiH huuR "Believe nothing of what you hear, and only half of what you see." — "To take something with a pinch of salt."
àÁ×èÍ·Òá¤ÅÍ´¾èÍáÁè¨ÐµéͧàµÃÕÂÁÍÙèäÇéÊÓËÃѺà´ç¡·Õèà¡Ô´ãËÁè´éÇ meuuaF thaaM rohkH khlaawtF phaawF maaeF jaL dtaawngF dtriiamM uuL waiH samR rapL dekL theeF geertL maiL duayF "When an infant is born, its parents need to prepare a cradle for the newborn child."
ÂѧÁպؤ¤Åã¹»ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵÃìä·Â«Öè§ä´é¶Ù¡ºÑ¹·Ö¡àÍÒäÇéÇèÒ¤×ÍÇÕÃʵÃÕ¼Ùé¡ÅéÒËÒáÅÐÁդسµèÍá¼è¹´Ô¹ yangM meeM bookL khohnM naiM bpraL watL saat[dr]L thaiM seungF daiF thuukL banM theukH aoM waiH waaF kheuuM weeM raH saL dtreeM phuuF glaaF haanR laeH meeM khoonM dtaawL phaenL dinM There are also individuals in Thai history who are noteworthy, that is, heroines who are courageous and who benefited the kingdom.
àÃÒÊÃéÒ§à¾Ô§¹ÕéäÇéà»ç¹·Õè¡ÓºÑ§ÂÒÁ½¹µ¡á´´ÍÍ¡ raoM saangF pheerngM neeH waiH bpenM theeF gamM bangM yaamM fohnR dtohkL daaetL aawkL "We built this shack as a shelter from the rain and from the bright sun."
Çѹ¹Õé¨Ð¡àÃ×èͧà¡èÒà¤Âà¢Õ¹àÅèÒäÇé¹Ò¹áÅéÇÁÒàÅèÒãËÁè wanM neeH jaL yohkH reuuangF gaoL kheeuyM khiianR laoF waiH naanM laaeoH maaM laoF maiL "Today I will revive an old story which was told long ago and will retell it again."
ʶҹ·ÕèµèÒ§ æ¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈäÁèä´éÊÇÂËÃÙÍÂèÒ§·ÕèàÃÒ¤Ô´äÇé saL thaanR theeF dtaangL dtaangL khaawngR bpraL thaehtF maiF daiF suayR ruuR yaangL theeF raoM khitH waiH "The various locations around the country are not as splendid as we thought they might be."
ÊѨ¨Ð¹ÕéáËÅèзÕè·Ó˹éÒ·Õèà»ç¹â«è·Í§¤Ãͧ㨤ÙèÊÒÁÕÀÃÃÂÒäÇéä´é satL jaL neeH laeL theeF thamM naaF theeF bpenM sohF thaawngM khraawngM jaiM khuuF saaR meeM phanM raH yaaM waiH daiF It is this integrity that serves as the “golden chain” which can bind the hearts of the husband and wife.
ͧ¤ì¡ÃÍÔÊÃж١¤Ãͺ§Ó·Ò§¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ¨¹äÁèÊÒÁÒöµÍºÊ¹Í§à¨µ¹ÒÃÁ³ì·Õè¡Ó˹´äÇéã¹ÃѰ¸ÃÃÁ¹Ùä´é ohng[k]M gaawnM itL saL raL thuukL khraawpF ngamM thaangM gaanM meuuangM johnM maiF saaR maatF dtaawpL saL naawngR jaehtL dtaL naaM rohm[n]M theeF gamM nohtL waiH naiM ratH thamM maH nuunM daiF "Independent agencies have come under political control to the extent that they are unable to fulfill the aims and purposes for which they were created under the constitution."
Í´à»ÃÕéÂÇäÇé¡Ô¹ËÇÒ¹ ohtL bpriaaoF waiH ginM waanR "He that eats the hard shall eat the ripe."
àÍ¡ÊÒ÷ÕèàµÃÕÂÁäÇé¹Õè¤ÃººÃÔºÙóì aehkL gaL saanR theeF dtriiamM waiH neeF khrohpH bawL riH buun[n]M "The documents you have prepared are full and complete."
¢éʹբͧ·Äɮբͧà¨éÒÊÑÇ¡ÅèÒÇäÇé¤×ÍÂѧªèÇÂÊÃéÒ§¹ÔÊÑ»ÃÐËÂÑ´Í´ÍÍÁ khaawF deeM khaawngR thritH saL deeM khaawngR jaoF suaaR glaaoL waiH kheuuM yangM chuayF saangF niH saiR bpraL yatL ohtL aawmM "The benefits of the theory espoused by the tycoon is that it will help encourage habits of conservation and savings."
«×éÍÍÐäÃÁÒ¨Ò¡µÅÒ´ºéÒ§¨êйت? ä¢èËÁÙµé¹ËÍÁáÅÐËÍÁãËè¨éÐ...¡ç¾Õèà»ÃÂäÇéàÁ×èÍÇÒ¹ÇèÒÍÂÒ¡¡Ô¹ä¢èà¨ÕÂÇËÁÙÊѺäÁèãªèËÃ×ͨêÐ? seuuH aL raiM maaM jaakL dtaL laatL baangF jaH nootH khaiL muuR dtohnF haawmR laeH haawmR yaiL jaF gaawF pheeF bpreeuyM waiH meuuaF waanM waaF yaakL ginM khaiL jiaaoM muuR sapL maiF chaiF reuuR jaH [older brother:] "What did you buy from the market, Nooch?" [younger sister:] "Some eggs, pork, scallion and onion... because you mentioned yesterday you'd like to have omelet with minced pork, didn't you?"
¹ÃªÒµÔÇÒ§ÇÒ ÁÅÒÂÊÔé¹·Ñé§ÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì ʶԵ·ÑèÇáµèªÑèÇ´Õ »ÃдѺäÇéã¹âÅ¡Ò naH raH chaaM dtiL waangM waayM maH laayM sinF thangH inM see[y]M saL thitL thuaaF dtaaeL chuaaF deeM bpraL dapL waiH naiM lohM gaaM When humans die, All their physical bodies perish; Only their goodness and badness remain As grace and disgrace to decorate the world
¼ÁÊÑҡѺ¤Ø³»ÃÐʧ¤ìäÇéÇèÒ¨Ðä»ÃѺà¢Ò·Õè´Í¹àÁ×ͧ phohmR sanR yaaM gapL khoonM bpraL sohng[k]R waiH waaF jaL bpaiM rapH khaoR theeF daawnM meuuangM [spoken by a male] "I promised Prasong I would meet him at Don Meuang."
ÁѹÍÒ¨¨Ð¶Ù¡·Õèã¤ÃºÍ¡äÇé manM aatL jaL thuukL theeF khraiM baawkL waiH "Perhaps it's true what someone once said."
àÃÒ·Óá¡§à¹×é͡ѹÁÒ¡è͹¨ÐÁÕã¤ÃàÅÕé§ÇÑÇäÇéàª×Í´¹Õè¤ÃѺà¹×éÍÇÑÇ·Ø¡¡ÔâÅ¡ÃÑÁÅéǹÁÒ¨Ò¡ÇÑÇá¡è·Õè»Å´ÃÐÇÒ§¨Ò¡äÃè¹Ò·Ñé§¹Ñé¹ raoM thamM gaaengM neuuaH ganM maaM gaawnL jaL meeM khraiM liiangH wuaaM waiH cheuuatF neeF khrapH neuuaH wuaaM thookH giL lohM gramM luaanH maaM jaakL wuaaM gaaeL theeF bplohtL raH waangM jaakL raiF naaM thangH nanH "We used to make beef curry before anyone raised cattle for slaughter; every kilogram of meat consumed came from old oxen who had retired from plowing fields."
áµè·Õèâç¾ÂÒºÒźҧáËè§à¢ÒàÅÕé§§ÙäÇéà¾×èÍ·Ó¡Òä鹤ÇéÒà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¾Ôɧ٠dtaaeL theeF rohngM phaH yaaM baanM baangM haengL khaoR liiangH nguuM waiH pheuuaF thamM gaanM khohnH khwaaH giaaoL gapL phitH nguuM but in some hospitals they raise snakes for the purpose of doing research on snake venom.
¡´»ØèÁ¤Í¹â·ÃžÃéÍÁ¡Ñº»ØèÁ«Õà¾×èͤѴÅÍ¡»ÃÐ⤷Õèµéͧ¡ÒÃä»à¡çºäÇé·Õè¤ÅÔ»ºÍÃì´ gohtL bpoomL khaawnM throhnM phraawmH gapL bpoomL seeM pheuuaF khatH laawkF bpraL yohkL theeF dtaawngF gaanM bpaiM gepL waiH theeF khlipH baaw[r]dL "Press 'control' together with the 'c' key to copy the desired sentence to the clipboard."
¨ÓäÇé jamM waiH [anguished tone] "Remember what you did to me this time!"
¨Ö§ÊÁ¤ÇÃÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§·Õè¨ÐÃÑ¡ÉÒäÇé jeungM sohmR khuaanM yaangL yingF theeF jaL rakH saaR waiH It is therefore highly appropriate that we take good care of (our language).