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µéͧ  dtaawngF
contents of this page
1.µéͧdtaawngF[auxiliary verb] has to...; must...; is required to...; is duty-bound to...
2.¨ÐµéͧjaL dtaawngF[auxiliary verb combination] must; will have to
3.äÁèµéͧmaiF dtaawngF[auxiliary verb combination] doesn't have to...; don't have to...
4.ÂѧäÁèµéͧyangM maiF dtaawngF[auxiliary verb combination] still don't have to...
5.µéͧdtaawngFto make contact with; to be exposed to
6.µéͧdtaawngFto agree (with); to be in accordance (with); to satisfy the requirements (of)

pronunciation guide
Phonemic Thaiµéͧ
IPAtɔ̂ːŋ
Royal Thai General Systemtong

1. common Thai word   [auxiliary verb]
definition
[auxiliary verb] has to...; must...; is required to...; is duty-bound to...

categories
examples
¡ç¤×͹ѡ¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧµéͧäÁèÅØá¡èÍÓ¹Ò¨ äÁèÇèҨдéǤÇÒÁËŧ ËÃ×ÍàËÅÔ§â´ÂäÁè¤Ó¹Ö§¶Ö§¼Ô´ ªÍº ªÑèÇ ´Õ
gawF kheuuM nakH gaanM meuuangM dtaawngF maiF looH gaaeL ahmM naatF maiF waaF jaL duayF khwaamM lohngR reuuR leerngR dooyM maiF khahmM neungM theungR phitL chaawpF chuaaF deeM
Politicians must not attain power—whether by mistake or by overconfidence—without considering the right or wrong, good or bad, (of their actions).
¡ÒÃãªéà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µì ¡ÒÃà¢Õ¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì äÁèµéͧãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µì Â¡àÇé¹ã¹¡Ã³Õ·Õè¤Ó¹Ñé¹ÁÕàÊÕ§«éӡѺ¤Óä·Â ¨¹·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊѺʹ ÍÒ¨ãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÇÃÃ³ÂØ¡µìä´é àªè¹
gaanM chaiH khreuuangF maayR wanM yook[d]H gaanM khiianR khahmM thapH sap[t]L maiF dtaawngF saiL khreuuangF maayR wanM yook[d]H yohkH wehnH naiM gaL raH neeM theeF khahmM nanH meeM siiangR sahmH gapL khahmM thaiM johnM thahmM haiF geertL khwaamM sapL sohnR aatL saiL khreuuangF maayR wanM yook[d]H daiF chehnF
The use of tone markers: In transcribing from English to Thai, one need not insert tone markers, except in cases in which such transcribed word replicates the sound of an existing Thai word which might create confusion for the reader. In these cases it is appropriate to use a tone marker for example:
¤Ó»ÃÐÊÁ«Öè§ã¹ÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉà¢Õ¹á¡¡Ñ¹ àÁ×èͷѺÈѾ·ìãËéà¢Õ¹µÔ´¡Ñ¹ä» äÁèµéͧᡤӵÒÁÀÒÉÒà´ÔÁ àªè¹
khahmM bpraL sohmR seungF naiM phaaM saaR angM gritL khiianR yaaekF ganM meuuaF thapH sap[t]L haiF khiianR dtitL ganM bpaiM maiF dtaawngF yaaekF khahmM dtaamM phaaM saaR deermM chehnF
Compound words which in English are written as separate words should be transcribed as a single word which need not be separated by a space, for example:
¨Óà»ç¹µéͧjahmM bpenM dtaawngFmust; have to; need
«Öè§µéͧ¾ÔÊÙ¨¹ìseungF dtaawngF phiH suut[n]LQ.E.D.; quod erat demonstrandum; that which was to be proven
´Í à´ç¡µéͧ¹ÔÁ¹µì
daawM dekL dtaawngF niH mohn[d]M
D is for /dekL/ (the children), who invite him in
µéͧ¡ÒÃdtaawngF gaanMto need; want; require; desired
¤ÇÒÁµéͧ¡ÒÃkhwaamM dtaawngF gaanMa demand
¨Ðµéͧ¡ÒÃjaL dtaawngF gaanM[auxiliary verb combination] will require; will need
µéͧ¡ÒÃdtaawngF gaanM[auxiliary verb] to need...
äÁèµéͧ¡ÒÃmaiF dtaawngF gaanM[auxiliary verb combination] doesn't need to...
µéͧ¢Ñ§dtaawngF khangRto be under arrest
µéͧ¤´ÕdtaawngF khaH deeMto be charged with a crime
µéͧãªédtaawngF chaiHcost
µéͧÃÐÁÑ´ÃÐÇѧdtaawngF raH matH raH wangMcare must be taken (when doing something); must be careful
µéͧʧÊÑÂdtaawngF sohngR saiR[Laws] to suspect
µéͧʧÊÑÂdtaawngF sohngR saiR[is] accused; impeachable; [is] indicted; charged
µéͧàÊÕÂdtaawngF siiaRcost
¶éÒÊÃТͧ¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà»ç¹ÊÃÐÍ×è¹·ÕèäÁèãªèÊÃÐÍРãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉâ´ÂäÁèµéͧ«é͹¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð àªè¹
thaaF saL raL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF bpenM saL raL euunL theeF maiF chaiF saL raL aL haiF thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dooyM maiF dtaawngF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH chehnF
If the vowel associated with the first syllable is any vowel other than /-a-/, the consonant should be transcribed using the English consonant itself without doubling up the consonant, for example:
¶éÒÊÃТͧ¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà»ç¹àÊÕ§ÊÃÐÍР«Öè§àÁ×èͷѺÈѾ·ìµéͧãªéÃÙ»äÁéËѹÍÒ¡ÒÈ ãËé«é͹¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÑÇÊС´¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà¢éÒÍÕ¡µÑÇ˹Öè§à¾×èÍà»ç¹¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ðµé¹¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ìµèÍä» àªè¹
thaaF saL raL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF bpenM siiangR saL raL aL seungF meuuaF thapH sap[t]L dtaawngF chaiH ruupF maaiH hanR aaM gaatL haiF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM saL gohtL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF khaoF eekL dtuaaM neungL pheuuaF bpenM phaH yanM chaH naH dtohnF khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M dtaawL bpaiM chehnF
If the vowel associated with the first syllable is an /-a-/ sound which uses the "stick turning in air" vowel in the transcription, one should double the transcribed consonant for use again as the initial consonant in the subsequent syllable, for example:
¶Ù¡µéͧthuukL dtaawngFproperly done (repaired, locked, etc); accurate, right, true, correct; the response "yes" to a true or false question
¤ÇÒÁ¶Ù¡µéͧkhwaamM thuukL dtaawngFaccuracy
äÁè¨Óà»ç¹µéͧmaiF jahmM bpenM dtaawngFnot necessary to (do something)
äÁè¶Ù¡µéͧµÒÁ¡®ËÁÒÂmaiF thuukL dtaawngF dtaamM gohtL maayRillegal
àÃÒµéͧãªé¶Ø§ÂÒ§raoM dtaawngF chaiH thoongR yaangMWe must use a condom
áÅÐãËéà¢Õ¹â´ÂäÁèµéͧãÊè¨Ø´áÅÐäÁèàÇ鹪èͧ俠àªè¹
laeH haiF khiianR dooyM maiF dtaawngF saiL jootL laeH maiF wehnH chaawngF faiM chehnF
Also, abbreviations of organizations should not include periods or full stops; in addition, no spaces should be included, such as:
ÊÓà¹Ò¶Ù¡µéͧsahmR naoM thuukL dtaawngFa certified copy
ÊÔè§·Õèà»ç¹Í¹ØÊµÔàµ×͹㨷ء½èÒÂãËéµéͧ¤Ó¹Ö§ä»¶Ö§à¾×èͨÐä´éäÁè¡éÒÇà´Ô¹º¹¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´¾ÅÒ´àËÁ×͹¡Ñº·Õèà¤Âà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÁÒáÅéÇ
singL theeF bpenM aL nooH saL dtiL dteuuanM jaiM thookH faayL haiF dtaawngF khahmM neungM bpaiM theungR pheuuaF jaL daiF maiF gaaoF deernM bohnM khwaamM phitL phlaatF meuuanR gapL theeF kheeuyM geertL kheunF maaM laaeoH
Every faction should be mindful of and constantly remind themselves of (certain principles) in order to avoid treading down the wrong path as they have in the past.
àËç¹¾éͧµéͧ¡Ñ¹henR phaawngH dtaawngF ganMto all agree; express approval; give consent; view favorably
àËÁ×͹¡Ñº·Õ褹ä·Âµéͧ༪ԭ¡Ñ¹ÍÂÙè㹵͹¹Õé ËÃ×ÍäÁè¡ÕèÇѹ¹Ñº¨Ò¡¹Õéä»
meuuanR gapL theeF khohnM thaiM dtaawngF phaL cheernM ganM yuuL naiM dtaawnM neeH reuuR maiF geeL wanM napH jaakL neeH bpaiM
It seems that Thai must confront this issue right now, or if not (now), sometime in the near future.
ͧ¤ì»ÃСͺ¢Í§ªÕÇÔµ ÊèǹÁÒ¡ËÁÒ¶֧ Êèǹ·ÕèàÅ硨ÔëÇ ¨¹µéͧÁͧ´éÇ¡Åéͧ¨ØÅ·Ñȹì
ohng[k]M bpraL gaawpL khaawngR cheeM witH suaanL maakF maayR theungR suaanL theeF lekH jiuR johnM dtaawngF maawngM duayF glaawngF joonM laH that[n]H
organism
sample
sentences
¡Ã³ÕàËÅèÒ¹Õé¨ÐŧàÍÂÍÂèÒ§äáçµÒÁ »ÃÒ¡¯¡Òóì¤ÃÑé§¹Õéµéͧª×蹪ÁÊӹѡ§Ò¹ÍÑ¡ÒÃÊÙ§ÊØ´
gaL raH neeM laoL neeH jaL lohngM eeuyM yaangL raiM gawF dtaamM bpraaM gohtL gaan[n]M khrangH neeH dtaawngF cheuunF chohmM sahmR nakH ngaanM aiM gaanM suungR sootL
"However this incident ends up, (one) must praise (the actions) of the Attorney General for this occurrence."
¡ÃÐáÊ¢èÒÇ·ÕèÍÍ¡ÁÒ·ÓãËé¾Ãä·Ñé§Êͧ¾Ãäµéͧ¿Ñ§¡è͹µÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨à¢éÒÃèÇÁÃѰºÒÅ
graL saaeR khaaoL theeF aawkL maaM thahmM haiF phakH thangH saawngR phakH dtaawngF fangM gaawnL dtatL sinR jaiM khaoF ruaamF ratH thaL baanM
"The information that emerged caused both parties to listen before making a decision regarding joining in the government."
¡ÅØèÁµèÒ§ æ µéͧÊÐÊÁ¡ÓÅѧ㹾ÃäàÍÒäÇéãËéÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ à¾×èÍ¡ØÁ¡ÒêÕé¹Ó Íѹà»ç¹ÊÔ觨Óà»ç¹ÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§ÂÇ´·Ò§¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ
gloomL dtaangL dtaangL dtaawngF saL sohmR gahmM langM naiM phakH aoM waiH haiF maakF theeF sootL pheuuaF goomM gaanM cheeH nahmM anM bpenM singL jahmM bpenM yaangL yingF yuaatF thaangM gaanM meuuangM
"The various factions need to gather as many of their forces within the political party (as they can) in order to control the leadership (of the party). This is an immensely necessary step in politics."
¡êÍ¡ã¹Ëéͧ¹éÓàÊÕ µéͧµÒÁªèÒ§ÁÒ«èÍÁ
gaawkH naiM haawngF naahmH siiaR dtaawngF dtaamM changF maaM sawmF
"The faucet in the bathroom is broken; we need to find a plumber to fix it."
¡èÍáÅéǵéͧÊÒ¹
gaawL laaeoH dtaawngF saanR
"Never do things by halves."
¡ÒáÅèÒÇàªè¹¹ÕéÁԨеéͧä´éËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇèÒà¨éÒ˹éÒ·ÕèÃѰ¨Ðµéͧ§ÍÁ×ͧÍà·éÒËÃ×ÍÂÍÁÃѺá¹Ç·Ò§ÊѹµÔÇÔ¸ÕẺÂÍÁ¨Ó¹¹
gaanM glaaoL chehnF neeH miH jaL dtaawngF daiF maayR khwaamM waaF jaoF naaF theeF ratH jaL dtaawngF ngaawM meuuM ngaawM thaaoH reuuR yaawmM rapH naaeoM thaangM sanR dtiL wiH theeM baaepL yaawmM jahmM nohnM
"This assertion does not mean that government officials need to sit back and do nothing or adopt a policy of surrendering without a fight."
¡Òë×éÍöẺ¼è͹µéͧÁÕ¤¹ÁÒ¤éÓ»ÃСѹÊÑ­­ÒÍÂèÒ§¹éÍÂ˹Ö觤¹
gaanM seuuH rohtH baaepL phaawnL dtaawngF meeM khohnM maaM khahmH bpraL ganM sanR yaaM yaangL naawyH neungL khohnM
"In buying an automobile on credit, (the purchaser) must have at least one person ensuring the contract."
¡ÒôÙášŨèÁ¼ÙéªØÁ¹ØÁµéͧà»ç¹ä»ÍÂèÒ§ÅÐÁعÅÐÁèÍÁ äÁèãËéà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂáÅÐÃØ¹áçÍÕ¡µèÍä»
gaanM duuM laaeM gloomL phuuF choomM noomM dtaawngF bpenM bpaiM yaangL laH moonM laH maawmF maiF haiF geertL khwaamM siiaR haayR laeH roonM raaengM eekL dtaawL bpaiM
"Looking after the assembled masses should be done with great care; (the authorities) should not allow damage and violence to arise anymore."
¡Òö͹·ËÒõéͧ¢Öé¹ÍÂÙè¡ÑºÊ¶Ò¹¡Òóì áÅзÓẺ¤èÍÂà»ç¹¤èÍÂä» â´ÂÁըشÁØè§ËÁÒ¤×Í ¤ÇÒÁʧºÊØ¢¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈªÒµÔ
gaanM thaawnR thaH haanR dtaawngF kheunF yuuL gapL saL thaanR gaan[n]M laeH thahmM baaepL khaawyF bpenM khaawyF bpaiM dooyM meeM jootL moongF maayR kheuuM khwaamM saL ngohpL sookL khaawngR bpraL thaehtF chaatF
"Withdrawing the military must proceed by taking all factors into account and must be done gradually. The objective is to maintain peace and tranquility for the people."
¡Ò÷ÓÁÒËÒ¡Ô¹ä´éÃѺ¤ÇÒÁÅÓºÒ¡ µéͧãËé¤ÇÒÁªèÇÂàËÅ×ÍÍÂèÒ§àµçÁ·Õè à¾ÃÒÐàÃ×èͧ·ÓÁÒËÒ¡Ô¹à»ç¹àÃ×èͧ»Ò¡·éͧ
gaanM thahmM maaM haaR ginM daiF rapH khwaamM lahmM baakL dtaawngF haiF khwaamM chuayF leuuaR yaangL dtemM theeF phrawH reuuangF thahmM maaM haaR ginM bpenM reuuangF bpaakL thaawngH
"Earning a living has become very difficult; (we) must provide complete assistance because making a living is a matter of life (and death)."
¡ÒÃÇÒ§µÑÇ·ÕèÊØÀÒ¾äÁèà¾Õ§áµè¡ÑººØ¤¤Å·ÕèÊÙ§¡ÇèÒ áµèµéͧÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊØÀÒ¾¹Íº¹éÍÁ¡Ñº·Ø¡ æ ¤¹·ÕèàÃÒµÔ´µèÍ´éÇÂ
gaanM waangM dtuaaM theeF sooL phaapF maiF phiiangM dtaaeL gapL bookL khohnM theeF suungR gwaaL dtaaeL dtaawngF meeM khwaamM sooL phaapF naawpF naawmH gapL thookH thookH khohnM theeF raoM dtitL dtaawL duayF
"One should mind one’s manners not merely with someone who is senior but one should be polite to and respect everyone with whom one comes in contact."
¡Ôê¡Âѧ䧡çà»ç¹¡Ô꡵éͧà¨ÕÂÁµÑÇ
gikH yangM ngaiM gawF bpenM gikH dtaawngF jiiamM dtuaaM
A ¡Ôê¡  should be humble and modest.
¢éͤ鹾º¢Í§à¢ÒãËéâÅ¡µéͧ»ÃШѡÉìã¹ÍÓ¹Ò¨¢Í§ÇÔ¸Õ¡Ò÷ҧÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵÃì
khaawF khohnH phohpH khaawngR khaoR haiF lohkF dtaawngF bpraL jak[s]L naiM ahmM naatF khaawngR wiH theeM gaanM thaangM witH thaH yaaM saat[dr]L
"His discoveries provided clear evidence to the world of the power of the scientific method."
¢Í§ÊÙ§áÁé»Í§µéͧ¨Ôµ ÁÔ¤Ô´»Õ¹»èÒ¨Ðä´éËÃ×Í
khaawngR suungR maaeH bpaawngM dtaawngF jitL miH khitH bpeenM bpaayL jaL daiF reuuR
"Nothing ventured, nothing gained."
à¢Òà»ç¹¤¹¾Ù´¨Òâ¼§¼Ò§ µÃ§ä»µÃ§ÁÒ äÁèµéͧÁÒàÊÕÂàÇÅÒàÅè¹ÅÔé¹
khaoR bpenM khohnM phuutF jaaM phohngR phaangR dtrohngM bpaiM dtrohngM maaM maiF dtaawngF maaM siiaR waehM laaM lehnF linH
"He is a person who speaks bluntly and directly; he doesn't waste any time equivocating."
à¢éÒàÁ×ͧµÒËÅÔèÇ µéͧËÅÔèǵҵÒÁ
khaoF meuuangM dtaaM liuL dtaawngF liuL dtaaM dtaamM
"When in Rome do as the Romans do."
¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡Òêش¹Õéµéͧ㨡ÇéÒ§áÅÐã¨àÂç¹ à¾ÃÒШеéͧÃѺ¿Ñ§¡Òö¡à¶Õ§âµéáÂ駡ѹÍÂèÒ§¶Ö§¾ÃÔ¡¶Ö§¢Ô§
khaH naH gamM maH gaanM chootH neeH dtaawngF jaiM gwaangF laeH jaiM yenM phrawH jaL dtaawngF rapH fangM gaanM thohkL thiiangR dtohF yaaengH ganM yaangL theungR phrikH theungR khingR
"The members of this committee have to steel themselves to be liberal and composed because they are required to listen to arguments and disagreements of the most violent sort."
¤¹¡ÅÖ§µéͧ¾Ö觤¹ªÑ¡¤¹ÊÅÑ¡µéͧ¾Ö觤¹à¢Õ¹
khohnM gleungM dtaawngF pheungF khohnM chakH khohnM saL lakL dtaawngF pheungF khohnM khiianR
The lathe operator depends on the person drawing the wood; the sculptor depends on the writer.
¤¹·Õè´Õ¨ÐµéͧÁÕÈÕŸÃÃÁ
khohnM theeF deeM jaL dtaawngF meeM seenR laH thamM
A good person [person who is good], must also have morality.
¤ÃÒÇ˹éÒµéͧà¾ÔèÁ㺪ÒÍա˹è͹Ð
khraaoM naaF dtaawngF pheermF baiM chaaM eekL naawyL naH
"Next time you must put in a little more tea leaves."
¤Ó¹ÒÁáÅФӡÃÔÂÒ·Õè¹ÓÁÒãªéà»ç¹¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì â´ÂÁÒ¡à»ç¹ÅѡɳÇÔàÈɳì áÅФÓÇÔàÈɳìã´ æ ·Õè¨Ñ´à¢éÒ㹤ÓÇÔàÈɳ쪹ԴÍ×è¹ æ äÁèä´é µéͧ¹ÑºÇèÒà»ç¹ÅѡɳÇÔàÈɳì·Ñé§ÊÔé¹
khahmM naamM laeH khahmM gaL riH yaaM theeF nahmM maaM chaiH bpenM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L dooyM maakF bpenM lakH saL naL wiH saeht[n]L laeH khahmM wiH saeht[n]L daiM daiM theeF jatL khaoF naiM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L chaH nitH euunL euunL maiF daiF dtaawngF napH waaF bpenM lakH saL naL wiH saeht[n]L thangH sinF
Nouns and verbs which are used as modifiers are usually “characteristic modifiers” and any modifier which cannot be otherwise be classified will be considered to be a “characteristic modifier.”
¤Ø³µéͧ«×éÍÍÒËÒù¡ÍÕ¡Ëè͹֧¤èÐ
khoonM dtaawngF seuuH aaM haanR nohkH eekL haawL neungM khaF
[spoken by a female] "You must buy another packet of birdseed, sir."
¤Ø³µéͧäÁèä»·Õè¹Ñè¹
khoonM dtaawngF maiF bpaiM theeF nanF
"You must not go there."
¤Ø³µéͧÃÐÇѧ
khoonM dtaawngF raH wangM
"You must be careful."
§Ò¹àÅÕé§µéͧÁÕÇѹàÅÔ¡ÃÒ
ngaanM liiangH dtaawngF meeM wanM leerkF raaM
"All good things come to an end."
à¨éÒ˹éÒ·ÕèÊÒÃÇѵ÷ËÒ÷Õè´ÙáŤÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀѵéͧÁÒËéÒÁ»ÃÒÁ¨¹à˵ءÒóìÂØµÔ´éÇ´Õ
jaoF naaF theeF saaR raH watH thaH haanR theeF duuM laaeM khwaamM bplaawtL phaiM dtaawngF maaM haamF bpraamM johnM haehtL gaan[n]M yooH dtiL duayF deeM
"The military police officers who were maintaining peace had to deter (the protestors) until the situation became defused."
«Ñ¡¹éÓäÁèä´é¤èРµéͧ«Ñ¡áËé§
sakH naahmH maiF daiF khaF dtaawngF sakH haaengF
"No, you must have it dry cleaned."
µéͧàÃÕ§äÇéã¡ÅéªÔ´µÔ´µè͡Ѻ¹ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍÊÃþ¹ÒÁ·ÕèÁѹ᷹
dtaawngF riiangM waiH glaiF chitH dtitL dtaawL gapL naamM reuuR sapL phaH naamM theeF manM thaaenM
[They] must be placed adjacent to their related noun or pronoun.
µéͧàÃÕ§äÇé¢éÒ§ËÅѧ¤ÓÍ×è¹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¤Ó¹ÒÁ áÅÐÊÃþ¹ÒÁ
dtaawngF riiangM waiH khaangF langR khahmM euunL naawkF jaakL khahmM naamM laeH sapL phaH naamM
[They] must be placed after another word excluding nouns and pronouns.
µéͧËźàÅÕè§¡ÒÃ༪ԭáʧᴴ¨Ñ´¨éÒµÑé§áµè ðø.ðð-ñ÷.ðð ¹. áÅÐËÁÑè¹·Ò¤ÃÕÁ¡Ñ¹á´´·ÕèÁÕ àÍʾÕàÍ¿ ñõ ËÃ×ÍÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ¹Ñé¹à»ç¹»ÃШÓ
dtaawngF lohpL liiangF gaanM phaL cheernM saaengR daaetL jatL jaaF dtangF dtaaeL suunR bpaaetL suunR suunR neungL jetL suunR suunR laeH manL thaaM khreemM ganM daaetL theeF meeM aehtL pheeM aehfL neungL haaF reuuR maakF gwaaL nanH bpenM bpraL jahmM
(They) should avoid being exposed to strong sun between the hours of 8:00 am and 5:00 pm; and, (should) routinely apply (sun-block) cream with an SPF rating of at least 15.
µéͧãËéâÍ¡ÒʡѺ·Ø¡½èÒÂä´éÁÕÊèǹÃèÇÁÍÂèÒ§àµçÁ·Õèà·èÒ·Õè¨Ð·Óä´é ¶éÒà¢ÒÂѧ´×éÍá¾è§»Ñ­ËÒ¨ÐÅØ¡ÅÒÁ
dtaawngF haiF ohM gaatL gapL thookH faayL daiF meeM suaanL ruaamF yaangL dtemM theeF thaoF theeF jaL thahmM daiF thaaF khaoR yangM deuuF phaaengF bpanM haaR jaL lookH laamM
"One must give each fraction a chance to fully participate to the extent that they are able to. If they are still disobedient, the problem will expand and spread out."
µéͧãËéâÍ¡ÒÊÃѰºÒÅãËÁèä´é¡Ãзӧҹà¾×è;ÔÊÙ¨¹ì½ÕÁ×ÍàÊÕ¡è͹¤è͵Եԧ
dtaawngF haiF ohM gaatL ratH thaL baanM maiL daiF graL thahmM ngaanM pheuuaF phiH suut[n]L feeR meuuM siiaR gaawnL khaawyF dtiL dtingM
"We should give the new government a chance to do something to prove (its worth) before criticising it."
µÑé§áµè·Õè¾èÍàÊÕªÕÇԵ令Ãͺ¤ÃÑÇàÃÒ¡çµéͧÍÂÙè¡Ñ¹ÍÂèÒ§»Ò¡¡Ñ´µÕ¹¶Õº
dtangF dtaaeL theeF phaawF siiaR cheeM witH bpaiM khraawpF khruaaM raoM gawF dtaawngF yuuL ganM yaangL bpaakL gatL dteenM theepL
"Ever since my father passed away, our family has had to live a very meager existence."
¶éÒ¡ÔꡤԴ¨ÐÁÕΌà»ç¹µÑÇà»ç¹µ¹ â´ÂäÁèãªèàÃÒËéÒÁ¿ÙÁ¿Ò µéͧÂÍÁÃѺ´éǤÇÒÁÂÔ¹´Õ áÅФè͵¡Å§¡Ñ¹·ÕËÅѧÇèÒ ¨Ð¡ÔꡡѹµèÍä»ËÃ×ÍäÁè
thaaF gikH khitH jaL meeM faaenM bpenM dtuaaM bpenM dtohnM dooyM maiF chaiF raoM haamF fuumM faayM dtaawngF yaawmM rapH duayF khwaamM yinM deeM laeH khaawyF dtohkL lohngM ganM theeM langR waaF jaL gikH ganM dtaawL bpaiM reuuR maiF
If it becomes revealed th