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¡Ñ¹  ganM
contents of this page
1.together with
2.[a prefix used like the English suffix] "-proof"; to prevent, to obstruct or impede (the progress or entry of), to protect, prevent or keep (something from happening)
3.each other; one another
4.to shave; to trim
5.[a word used with a verb to indicate exhortation and/or entreaty]
6.[Thai transcription of the foreign loanword, "gan", a shortened transliteration of "American", having a slight prejoratory meaning similar to "Yankee"]
7.[Thai transcription of the foreign loanword, "gun"]
8.Gun [a common Thai nickname]
9.to separate; isolate

pronunciation guide
Phonemic Thai¡Ñ¹
IPAkan
Royal Thai General Systemkan

1. common Thai word   [conjunction]
definition
together with

examples¡ÅѺ¡Ñ¹glapL ganMgo back with; on the contrary
¡Í§ÃÇÁ¡Ñ¹gaawngM ruaamM ganMpile on; pile upon
¡Ñ´¡Ñ¹gatL ganMto quarrel or fight with
¡ÒÃà¡ÕèÂǾѹ¡Ñ¹gaanM giaaoL phanM ganMcorrelation
¡ÒäѴ§éÒ§¡Ñ¹gaanM khatH ngaangH ganMcontroversy
¡Ô¹¡Ñ¹ginM ganMto get along with someone
à¡ÒеԴ¡Ñ¹gawL dtitL ganMagglomerate; coalesce; agglutinate
à¢éҡѹkhaoF ganMcomplementary; in harmony; going together well
à¢ÒÅ×͡ѹÇèÒkhaoR leuuM ganM waaF"They say..."
ä¢Çé¢Ò¡Ñ¹khwaiF khaaR ganM[general] [has] legs crossed; [is] crossing (his) legs
¤Ã×͡ѹkhreuuM ganM[is] about the same as; about equal with
¤ÅéÒ¡ѹkhlaayH ganMsimilar; similar to
¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹à¹×éÍà´ÕÂǡѹ
khwaamM bpenM neuuaH diaaoM ganM
solidarity
¤Íà´ÕÂǡѹkhaawM diaaoM ganMhaving similar tastes
¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¹Ò¹¨¹¶×Íà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â áÅлÃÒ¡¯ã¹¾¨¹Ò¹Ø¡ÃÁ©ºÑºÃÒªºÑ³±ÔµÂʶҹáÅéÇ ãËéãªé µèÍ仵ÒÁà´ÔÁ àªè¹ ªçÍ¡â¡àŵ ªçÍ¡â¡áŵ àªÔéµ ¡êÒ« á¡êÊ
khahmM thapH sap[t]L theeF chaiH ganM maaM naanM johnM theuuR bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM laeH bpraaM gohtL naiM phohtH jaL naaM nooH grohmM chaL bapL raatF chaH banM thitH dtaL yaH saL thaanR laaeoH haiF chaiH dtaawL bpaiM dtaamM deermM chehnF chawkH gohM laehtF chawkH gohM laaetF cheertH gaasH gaaetH
Some transcribed words have been used (by Thais) for so long that they are considered Thai words and are already included in the Royal Institute Dictionary of the Thai Language. These transcribed forms should continue to be utilized. Such words include the Thai words for “chocolate,” “shirt,” and “gas.”
¤Ó»ÃÐÊÁ«Öè§ã¹ÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉà¢Õ¹á¡¡Ñ¹ àÁ×èͷѺÈѾ·ìãËéà¢Õ¹µÔ´¡Ñ¹ä» äÁèµéͧᡤӵÒÁÀÒÉÒà´ÔÁ àªè¹
khahmM bpraL sohmR seungF naiM phaaM saaR angM gritL khiianR yaaekF ganM meuuaF thapH sap[t]L haiF khiianR dtitL ganM bpaiM maiF dtaawngF yaaekF khahmM dtaamM phaaM saaR deermM chehnF
Compound words which in English are written as separate words should be transcribed as a single word which need not be separated by a space, for example:
¤Ó»ÃÐÊÁ·ÕèÁÕà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒÂÂѵÔÀѧ¤ì ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìâ´Âà¢Õ¹µÔ´µèÍ¡Ñ¹ä» àªè¹
khahmM bpraL sohmR theeF meeM khreuuangF maayR yatH dtiL phangM haiF thapH sap[t]L dooyM khiianR dtitL dtaawL ganM bpaiM chehnF
One should transcribe hyphenated words as one continuous word, for example:
¤ÓÇÔÊÒÁҹ¹ÒÁ·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¹Ò¹áÅéÇ ÍÒ¨ãªéµèÍ仵ÒÁà´ÔÁ
khahmM wiH saaR maanM yaH naamM theeF chaiH ganM maaM naanM laaeoH aatL chaiH dtaawL bpaiM dtaamM deermM
Proper nouns whose transcriptions have a long historical usage shall continue to be utilized
¤ØÂ¡Ñ¹khuyM ganMchat together
¤Ùèà¤Õ§¡Ñ¹khuuF khiiangM ganMevenly matched; coupled
à¤Õ§¡Ñ¹khiiangM ganMside by side
¨ÑºÁ×͡ѹjapL meuuM ganMshake hands
¨Õº¡Ñ¹jeepL ganMto "cruise" for an (intimate or romantic) partner, to flirt
¡Òèպ¡Ñ¹gaanM jeepL ganM"cruising," the activity of flirting with romantic intent
©Õèô¡Ñ¹cheeL rohtH ganMgolden showers; watersports
ª¹¡Ñ¹chohnM ganMbump into; collide; crash
¡Ò깡ѹgaanM chohnM ganMcollision
ªÍºà¾Èà´ÕÂǡѹchaawpF phaehtF diaaoM ganMhomosexual; gay
¬Í ¡Ðà¬Í¤Ùè¡Ñ¹chaawM gaL chuuhrM khuuF ganMCh is for the pair of /chuuhrM/ (bushes)
´éÇ¡ѹduayF ganMtogether with another person
à´ÕÂǡѹdiaaoM ganMsame
µè͡ѹdtaawL ganMto join or connect
µèÒ§¾Ò¡Ñ¹dtaangL phaaM ganMto proceed together
µÔ´ æ ¡Ñ¹dtitL dtitL ganMconsecutively; successively; in sequence; running; sequentially; uninterruptedly; consecutive; successive
µÔ´¡Ñ¹dtitL ganMattached together; joined together ("joint"); next to each other
¶éÒ¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð«é͹ÍÂÙè¡ÅÒ§ÈѾ·ìãËé¶×ÍÇèÒ ¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð«é͹µÑÇááà»ç¹µÑÇÊС´¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒ áÅоÂÑ­ª¹Ð«é͹µÑÇËÅѧà»ç¹¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ðµé¹¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ìµèÍä» ©Ð¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃãªé¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÑÇÊС´áÅоÂÑ­ª¹Ðµé¹ ¨ÐµèÒ§¡Ñ¹µÒÁËÅѡࡳ±ì¡ÒÃà·Õº¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ðã¹µÒÃÒ§¢éÒ§·éÒ àªè¹
thaaF phaH yanM chaH naH saawnH yuuL glaangM sap[t]L haiF theuuR waaF phaH yanM chaH naH saawnH dtuaaM raaekF bpenM dtuaaM saL gohtL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF laeH phaH yanM chaH naH saawnH dtuaaM langR bpenM phaH yanM chaH naH dtohnF khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M dtaawL bpaiM chaL nanH gaanM chaiH phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM saL gohtL laeH phaH yanM chaH naH dtohnF jaL dtaangL ganM dtaamM lakL gaehn[t]M gaanM thiiapF phaH yanM chaH naH naiM dtaaM raangM khaangF thaayH chehnF
If the double letters occur in the middle of the word, the rules are: the first letter of the double is the last consonant of the prior syllable and the second consonant is the initial of the next syllable. Therefore, the expression of the first and second letters of the double will differ according to the rules set forth in the Consonant Table, for example:
¶Ö§¡Ñ¹theungR ganMcommunicate with; get in touch with; be in contact with
¶Ù¡¡Ñ¹thuukL ganMto touch (a thing)
¶Ù¡¤Í¡Ñ¹thuukL khaawM ganMcongenial; getting along well
¶Ù¡ªÐµÒ¡Ñ¹thuukL chaH dtaaM ganMto get along with (someone); to really hit it off
·Õè¾èÍáÁèÅÓºÒ¡àÅÕé§ÅÙ¡¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¡çà¾×èÍÊè§àÊÃÔÁÅÙ¡ãËéºÃÃÅØ¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁËÇѧ¡ÃйÑé¹
theeF phaawF maaeF lahmM baakL liiangH luukF ganM maaM gawF pheuuaF sohngL seermR luukF haiF banM looH theungR khwaamM wangR graL nanH
Parents struggle to bring up their children in order to support their children to reach their goals and desires.
à·èҡѹthaoF ganMsame; equal; equivalent
à·Õº¡Ñ¹äÁèä´éthiiapF ganM maiF daiFto be incomparable; to be incompatible
ã¹¢³Ðà´ÕÂǡѹnaiM khaL naL diaaoM ganMmeanwhile; at the same time; all the while
áºè§¡Ñ¹baengL ganMto share with
»¹¡Ñ¹bpohnM ganMto mix together with
»ÃШǺ¡Ñ¹bpraL juaapL ganMat the same time as; coincidentally with; simultaneously with
¡ÒûÃШǺ¡Ñ¹gaanM bpraL juaapL ganMcoincidence
»ÃѺãËéà»ç¹ÃдѺà´ÕÂǡѹ
bprapL haiF bpenM raH dapL diaaoM ganM
coordinate
»éͧ¡Ñ¹bpaawngF ganMto defend; protect against; prevent; prevent against; bar
¡Òûéͧ¡Ñ¹gaanM bpaawngF ganMdefense; protection
»Ò¹ æ ¡Ñ¹bpaanM bpaanM ganMabout the same
à»ç¹¡Ñ¹àͧbpenM ganM aehngMinformal
¾ÃéÍÁ㨡ѹËÂØ´§Ò¹phraawmH jaiM ganM yootL ngaanM[of labor] to strike
¾Ç¡à´ÕÂǡѹphuaakF diaaoM ganMone of us; intimate friends
¾Í æ ¡Ñ¹phaawM phaawM ganMan equal chance; even odds; equal probability
¾Í¡Ñ¹phaawM ganMequally
¾Í¡Ñ¹·ÕphaawM ganM theeMThat will do
¾èÍáÁè·Ø¡¤¹¡çËÒÂà˹×èÍÂáÅéÇ ÍÂèÒ·ÓãËé¾è͡ѺáÁè¼Ô´ËÇѧ¡çáÅéǡѹ
phaawF maaeF thookH khohnM gawF haayR neuuayL laaeoH yaaL thahmM haiF phaawF gapL maaeF phitL wangR gawF laaeoH ganM
then every parent will no longer be weary. Please do not disappoint your parents.
¾Ù´¡Ñ¹äÁèÃÙéàÃ×èͧphuutF ganM maiF ruuH reuuangFto be unable to understand each other
ÀÒÇзÕèÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸ì¡Ñ¹phaaM waH theeF samR phan[t]M ganMcorrelation
ÀÒÉÒ·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹»ÃШÓÇѹ
phaaM saaR theeF chaiH ganM bpraL jahmM wanM
vernacular
àÁ×èÍÁÕÊѨ¨ÐÃÑ¡à´ÕÂÇã¨à´ÕÂǵè͡ѹáÅéÇÍÂèÒ§Í×è¹àªè¹¤ÇÒÁàËç¹Í¡àËç¹ã¨¡Ñ¹ ¡ÒÃãËéÍÀÑ¡ѹ áÅФÇÒÁà¢éÒ㨡ѹ´Õ¡ç¨ÐµÒÁ¡Ñ¹ÁÒ
meuuaF meeM satL jaL rakH diaaoM jaiM diaaoM dtaawL ganM laaeoH yaangL euunL chehnF khwaamM henR ohkL henR jaiM ganM gaanM haiF aL phaiM ganM laeH khwaamM khaoF jaiM ganM deeM gawF jaL dtaamM ganM maaM
When you are honest and faithful to each other all other things will follow, such as empathy, forgiveness, and understanding.
äÁèàËç¹¾éͧ¡Ñ¹maiF henR phaawngH ganMto disagree; to fail to see eye to eye
ÃÇÁ¡Ñ¹ruaamM ganMto gather
ÃÑ¡àÃÒÁÕ»Õ¡
ºÔ¹ËÅÕ¡¢éÒÁ¿éÒ
ä»ÁÒËҡѹ

rakH raoM meeM bpeekL binM leekL khaamF faaH bpaiM maaM haaR ganM
"Our love has wings
It can fly across the sky
So that we can meet one another"
ÃÙé¨Ñ¡¡Ñ¹·ÑèÇä»ruuH jakL ganM thuaaF bpaiMcommonly known; widely known
àÃ×èͧ·ÕèàÅèҡѹÁÒreuuangF theeF laoF ganM maaMoral account
àÅè¹»ÃЪѹ¡Ñ¹lehnF bpraL chanM ganM(of two shows) to be on at the same time on two stages
àÅè¹»ÃЪѹ¡Ñ¹lehnF bpraL chanM ganM[of theater shows, for example] [are] scheduled at competing (the same) times
ÊÁ¡Ñ¹sohmR ganM[is] well matched (with); cooperative (with); united (with); fitting; suitable; proper; appropriate
àÊÁ͡ѹsaL muuhrR ganMeven; tied
ËÁÇ¡¤ØéÁ¡Ñ¹muaakL khoomH ganMhard hat
ËéͧµÔ´¡Ñ¹haawngF dtitL ganM[singular] an adjacent room; [plural] two rooms that are next to each other
ËÒÃ×͡ѹhaaR reuuM ganMdiscuss (between two people)
àËç¹¾éͧµéͧ¡Ñ¹henR phaawngH dtaawngF ganMto all agree; express approval; give consent; view favorably
àËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹meuuanR ganMalike; identical; same as; same; too; also
àËÁ×͹¡Ñº·Õ褹ä·Âµéͧ༪ԭ¡Ñ¹ÍÂÙè㹵͹¹Õé ËÃ×ÍäÁè¡ÕèÇѹ¹Ñº¨Ò¡¹Õéä»
meuuanR gapL theeF khohnM thaiM dtaawngF phaL cheernM ganM yuuL naiM dtaawnM neeH reuuR maiF geeL wanM napH jaakL neeH bpaiM
It seems that Thai must confront this issue right now, or if not (now), sometime in the near future.
àÍÒÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´ÁÒàÅèÒÊÙè¡Ñ¹¿Ñ§
aoM raayM laH iiatL maaM laoF suuL ganM fangM
to relate the details to us
sample
sentences
¡ÃзÓãËéµèÒ§½èÒµèÒ§¾ÂÒÂÒÁàºè§ºÒÃÁÕãÊè¡Ñ¹ áÅÐà»Ô´ÈÖ¡áÂè§ÍÓ¹Ò¨ áÂè§à¡éÒÍÕéµÑÇÊӤѭ·Ñé§ã¹ÃѰºÒÅáÅÐÃѰÊÀÒÍÂèÒ§äÁèÅ´ÃÒÇÒÈÍ¡¡Ñ¹
graL thahmM haiF dtaangL faayL dtaangL phaH yaaM yaamM behngL baaM raH meeM saiL ganM laeH bpeertL seukL yaaengF ahmM naatF yaaengF gaoF eeF dtuaaM sahmR khanM thangH naiM ratH thaL baanM laeH ratH saL phaaM yaangL maiF lohtH raaM waaM saawkL ganM
"This causes each faction to flex their own paper against each other and to create struggles to wrest power from each other. They are fighting over important positions both within the government and the legislature, each one unwilling to give even one inch."
¡ÒáÃзӢͧ¤Ø³ÂÒ¹Ñ鹡èÍãËéà¡Ô´ÊÓ¹Ö¡¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹à¹×éÍà´ÕÂǡѹ¡Ñº¤¹Í×è¹ á¶Áà»ç¹¤¹Í×蹫Ö觤سÂÒÂäÁèä´éÃÙé¨Ñ¡ÁÑ¡¤Øé¹ÁÒ¡è͹´éÇÂ
gaanM graL thahmM khaawngR khoonM yaayM nanH gaawL haiF geertL sahmR neukH khwaamM bpenM neuuaH diaaoM ganM gapL khohnM euunL thaaemR bpenM khohnM euunL seungF khoonM yaayM maiF daiF ruuH jakL makH khoonH maaM gaawnL duayF
"The work of these two women created a feeling of solidarity with others; in addition, these were people with whom the two women had not been previously acquainted."
¡ÒÃãªéàÊÕ§ÊÙ§µèÓÊÅѺ¡Ñ¹¡ÃзÓãËéÁÕ¤ÇÒÁä¾àÃÒÐ ·Ñé§Âѧ·ÓãËéà¡Ô´Áâ¹ÀÒ¾ªÑ´à¨¹
gaanM chaiH siiangR suungR dtahmL saL lapL ganM graL thahmM haiF meeM khwaamM phaiM rawH thangH yangM thahmM haiF geertL maH nohM phaapF chatH jaehnM
"The use of high and low pitched sounds (in Thai) creates a melodious sound in addition to which (such sounds) evoke clear images and visions."
¡ÒöèǧàÇÅÒÍÍ¡ä»ãËé¹Ò¹·ÕèÊØ´à·èÒ·Õè¨Ðà»ç¹ä»ä´é à¾×èÍ»ÅèÍÂãËé¡ÅØèÁµèÒ§ æ ÀÒÂã¹¾Ã䵡ŧ¡Ñ¹àͧãËéä´éàÊÕ¡è͹ áÅéǨ֧»ÃѺà»ÅÕè¹ÃѰÁ¹µÃÕ
gaanM thuaangL waehM laaM aawkL bpaiM haiF naanM theeF sootL thaoF theeF jaL bpenM bpaiM daiF pheuuaF bplaawyL haiF gloomL dtaangL dtaangL phaayM naiM phakH dtohkL lohngM ganM aehngM haiF daiF siiaR gaawnL laaeoH jeungM bprapL bpliianL ratH mohnM dtreeM
"Stalling for the longest possible amount time that they are able would allow the various factions within the party to agree among themselves; then they can go ahead and shuffle the cabinet ministers."
¢³Ð·ÕèÃѰºÒÅ»¯ÔÇѵԷËÒâͧä·Â¡ÓÅѧà»ç¹¸ØÃÐÊÃéÒ§à§×è͹ä¢ãËé¾Ã䪹ÐàÅ×Í¡µÑé§ãËéä´é ÃѰºÒÅÍѧ¡ÄÉ¡çà»ç¹¸ØÃзӧҹà¡éͧÕèà§èҾ͡ѹ
khaL naL theeF ratH thaL baanM bpaL dtiL watH thaH haanR khaawngR thaiM gahmM langM bpenM thooH raH saangF ngeuuanF khaiR haiF phakH chaH naH leuuakF dtangF haiF daiF ratH thaL baanM angM gritL gawF bpenM thooH raH thahmM ngaanM guuhrF ngeeF ngaoF phaawM ganM
"While the Thai revolutionary military government was busy setting conditions for a party to be able to win an election, the British government was busily involved in some very embarrassing and stupid activity of its own."
¢ÍãËé¤ÙèºèÒÇÊÒÇÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊØ¢ ÃÑ¡¡Ñ¹àËÁ×͹Çѹ¹ÕéáÅеèÍä»·Ø¡ æ ÇѹµÅÍ´ä»
khaawR haiF khuuF baaoL saaoR meeM khwaamM sookL rakH ganM meuuanR wanM neeH laeH dtaawL bpaiM thookH thookH wanM dtaL laawtL bpaiM
"May you, the bride and groom, be happy with and love each other each forever, just as you do today."
à¢Ò½Ñ¡½èÒÂÍÂÙè¡Ñº¾Ç¡½èÒ«éÒ·ÕèÁÕÍØ´Á¤µÔàªè¹à´ÕÂǡѹ
khaoR fakL faayL yuuL gapL phuaakF faayL saayH theeF meeM ooL dohmM khaH dtiL chehnF diaaoM ganM
"He is attracted to side with the Left with whom he shares the same ideals."
à¢Ò¾Ù´¨ÒËÂÒº¤ÒÂÍÂèÒ§·ÕèÊØÀÒ¾ª¹à¢èÒ à¢ÒäÁè¾Ù´¡Ñ¹
khaoR phuutF jaaM yaapL khaayM yaangL theeF sooL phaapF chohnM khaoL khaoR maiF phuutF ganM
He speaks very rudely and in a manner which no gentleman would employ.
à¢ÒʹԷ¡ÑºÃѰÁ¹µÃÕ¤¹¹Õéà¾ÃÒÐàÅ蹡ÍÅ¿ì¡êǹà´ÕÂǡѹ
khaoR saL nitL gapL ratH mohnM dtreeM khohnM neeH phrawH lehnF gaawn[f]M guaanH diaaoM ganM
"He is very close to that Minister because they play golf in the same group (of friends)."
á¢è§¿ØµºÍÅàÁ×èÍÇÒ¹¹Õé ¼ÙéÃÑ¡ÉÒ»ÃеٷÑé§Êͧ½èÒ¡ҧÁØé§ÃÍÃѺ¨¹à¡×ͺËÁ´àÇÅÒ¶Ö§ä´éÁÕ¡ÒÃÂÔ§»Ãе١ѹ
khaengL footH baawnM meuuaF waanM neeH phuuF rakH saaR bpraL dtuuM thangH saawngR faayL gaangM moongH raawM rapH johnM geuuapL mohtL waehM laaM theungR daiF meeM gaanM yingM bpraL dtuuM ganM
"In yesterday's football match the goalkeepers on both sides stood around twiddling their thumbs until the very end of the game when the teams were able to take shots on goal."
¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡Òêش¹Õéµéͧ㨡ÇéÒ§áÅÐã¨àÂç¹ à¾ÃÒШеéͧÃѺ¿Ñ§¡Òö¡à¶Õ§âµéáÂ駡ѹÍÂèÒ§¶Ö§¾ÃÔ¡¶Ö§¢Ô§
khaH naH gamM maH gaanM chootH neeH dtaawngF jaiM gwaangF laeH jaiM yenM phrawH jaL dtaawngF rapH fangM gaanM thohkL thiiangR dtohF yaaengH ganM yaangL theungR phrikH theungR khingR
"The members of this committee have to steel themselves to be liberal and composed because they are required to listen to arguments and disagreements of the most violent sort."
¤´ÕËÁÔè¹»ÃÐÁÒ· ÊÒÁÒöÂÍÁ¤ÇÒÁ¡Ñ¹ä´éÃÐËÇèÒ§¼Ùé·Õè¤Ô´ÇèÒ...µ¹àͧàÊÕÂËÒ¨֧ä»á¨é§¤ÇÒÁ¡Ñº¼ÙéµéͧËÒËÃ×ÍÃÐËÇèҧ⨷¡ì¡Ñº¨ÓàÅÂ
khaH deeM minL bpraL maatL saaR maatF yaawmM khwaamM ganM daiF raH waangL phuuF theeF khitH waaF dtohnM aehngM siiaR haayR jeungM bpaiM jaaengF khwaamM gapL phuuF dtaawngF haaR reuuR raH waangL joht[k]L gapL jahmM leeuyM
"With respect to a case of libel or slander there can be a compromise between the party who things himself wronged and files a case (on the one hand) and the person charged, or between the plaintiff and the defendant."
¤¹ÍàÁÃԡѹ¹ÕèºÃÔâÀ¤¡Ñ¹ÊØ´àËÇÕ觨ÃÔ§ æ áÅйÓàÍÒÇѲ¹¸ÃÃÁ¡ÒáԹ´Õà¢éÒä»à¼Âá¾Ãèã¹»ÃÐà·ÈµèÒ§ æ
khohnM aL maehM riH ganM neeF bawL riH phohkF ganM sootL wiiangL jingM jingM laeH nahmM aoM watH thaH naH thamM gaanM ginM deeM khaoF bpaiM pheeuyR phraaeF naiM bpraL thaehtF dtaangL dtaangL
"Americans consume really excessive amounts (of food) and spread this culture of eating well to various countries (around the world)."
¤ÇÒÁµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ÃÐËÇèÒ§»Ãоѹ¸ÊÃþ¹ÒÁáÅлÃоѹ¸ÇÔàÈɳì
khwaamM dtaangL ganM raH waangL bpraL phanM thaH sapL phaH naamM laeH bpraL phanM thaH wiH saeht[n]L
The difference between relative pronouns and relative modifiers [which act like adverbs]:
¤ÓÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×ͤӷÕè·Ó˹éÒ·Õè»ÃСͺ¤Ó¹ÒÁ, ¤ÓÊÃþ¹ÒÁ, ¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ áÅФÓÇÔàÈɳì´éÇ¡ѹãËéä´é¤ÇÒÁªÑ´à¨¹ÂÔè§¢Öé¹ µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ àªè¹
khahmM wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM theeF thahmM naaF theeF bpraL gaawpL khahmM naamM khahmM sapL phaH naamM khahmM gaL riH yaaM laeH khahmM wiH saeht[n]L duayF ganM haiF daiF khwaamM chatH jaehnM yingF kheunF dtuaaM yaangL chehnF
A “modifier” is a word which serves the role of associating with a noun, pronoun, verb, or other modifier in order to bring greater clarity to it. Some examples are:
§Ò¹¹ÕéÁÕ¡ÃШԺ¡ÃШ͡¢èÒÇÁҡѹàµçÁ
ngaanM neeH meeM graL jipL graL jaawkL khaaoL maaM ganM dtemM
"This gala affair is full of noisy reporters."
§Ò¹¹ÕéÁÕ¼ÙéãË­èÁҡѹËÅÒ¤¹ ¢ÍãËéÃÐÁÑ´ÃÐÇѧ·Ó¡Ðà»Ô꺡лêÒºãËé¢ÒÂ˹éÒ
ngaanM neeH meeM phuuF yaiL maaM ganM laayR khohnM khaawR haiF raH matH raH wangM thahmM gaL bpeerpH gaL bpaapH haiF khaayR naaF
"This affair will have many important people in attendance; please take care not to act in an uncouth manner that might embarrass us."