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Í×è¹  euunL
contents of this page
1.Í×è¹euunLother
2.Í×è¹ æeuunL euunL[pronoun, determiner] another

pronunciation guide
Phonemic ThaiÍ×è¹
IPAʔɯ̀ːn
Royal Thai General Systemuen

1. common Thai word   [adjective]
definition
other

examples¡è͹Í×è¹gaawnL euunLfirst of all, first and foremost
¤¹Í×è¹khohnM euunLanother person; other person
ã¤ÃÍ×è¹khraiM euunLsomebody else; anybody else
¶éÒÊÃТͧ¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà»ç¹ÊÃÐÍ×è¹·ÕèäÁèãªèÊÃÐÍÐ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉâ´ÂäÁèµéͧ«é͹¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð àªè¹
thaaF saL raL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF bpenM saL raL euunL theeF maiF chaiF saL raL aL haiF thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dooyM maiF dtaawngF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH chehnF
If the vowel associated with the first syllable is any vowel other than /-a-/, the consonant should be transcribed using the English consonant itself without doubling up the consonant, for example:
·ÕèÍ×è¹theeF euunLelsewhere
·ÕèÍ×è¹theeF euunLthe other; any other; another
¼ÙéÍ×è¹phuuF euunLother people; others
¾ØèÁäÁé·ÕèÍÂÙèãµéµé¹Í×è¹
phoomF maaiH theeF yuuL dtaiF dtohnF euunL
underbrush
àÁ×èÍÁÕÊѨ¨ÐÃÑ¡à´ÕÂÇã¨à´ÕÂǵè͡ѹáÅéÇÍÂèÒ§Í×è¹àªè¹¤ÇÒÁàËç¹Í¡àËç¹ã¨¡Ñ¹ ¡ÒÃãËéÍÀÑ¡ѹ áÅФÇÒÁà¢éÒ㨡ѹ´Õ¡ç¨ÐµÒÁ¡Ñ¹ÁÒ
meuuaF meeM satL jaL rakH diaaoM jaiM diaaoM dtaawL ganM laaeoH yaangL euunL chehnF khwaamM henR ohkL henR jaiM ganM gaanM haiF aL phaiM ganM laeH khwaamM khaoF jaiM ganM deeM gawF jaL dtaamM ganM maaM
When you are honest and faithful to each other all other things will follow, such as empathy, forgiveness, and understanding.
äÁèÊÒÁÒöà»ÅÕè¹ÃٻẺ ËÃ×Íâ͹ãËé¼ÙéÍ×è¹ä´é
maiF saaR maatF bpliianL ruupF baaepL reuuR ohnM haiF phuuF euunL daiF
[voucher, offer, prize, etc.] non-transferable.
ÊÔè§Í×è¹singL euunL(pronoun, determiner) another
ÍÍ¡àÊÕ§á»Ãä»à»ç¹àÊÕ§µÑÇÍ×è¹
aawkL siiangR bpraaeM bpaiM bpenM siiangR dtuaaM euunL
[Thai grammar] [describing the situation in a] false consonant cluster where the silent à affects the pronunciation of the syllable
sample
sentences
¡ÒáÃзӢͧ¤Ø³ÂÒ¹Ñ鹡èÍãËéà¡Ô´ÊÓ¹Ö¡¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹à¹×éÍà´ÕÂǡѹ¡Ñº¤¹Í×è¹ á¶Áà»ç¹¤¹Í×蹫Ö觤سÂÒÂäÁèä´éÃÙé¨Ñ¡ÁÑ¡¤Øé¹ÁÒ¡è͹´éÇÂ
gaanM graL thahmM khaawngR khoonM yaayM nanH gaawL haiF geertL sahmR neukH khwaamM bpenM neuuaH diaaoM ganM gapL khohnM euunL thaaemR bpenM khohnM euunL seungF khoonM yaayM maiF daiF ruuH jakL makH khoonH maaM gaawnL duayF
"The work of these two women created a feeling of solidarity with others; in addition, these were people with whom the two women had not been previously acquainted."
à¢Ò´Ô鹪¹Ô´·Õ褹Í×è¹à´Ô¹µÒÁà¢ÒäÁèä´é
khaoR dinF chaH nitH theeF khohnM euunL deernM dtaamM khaoR maiF daiF
He is struggling to the extent that others are having difficulty following him.
à¢ÒäÁèÍÒ¨¾Ù´¶éͤÓã´ æ Íѹ¨Ð·ÓãËé¼ÙéÍ×è¹àÊÕÂã¨
khaoR maiF aatL phuutF thaawyF khahmM daiM daiM anM jaL thahmM haiF phuuF euunL siiaR jaiM
He can’t speak even one word which dismays others.
¤ÇÒÁ¢ÕéÃÔéÇ¢ÕéàËÃè·Ñé§ËÅÒ äÁèä´éÍÂÙè㹤ÇÒÁÃѺ¼Ô´ªÍº¢Í§µ¹àͧ ËÒ¡áµèÁÒ¨Ò¡à˵ػѨ¨ÑÂÍ×è¹ ·ÕèÍÂÙèà˹×Í¡ÒäǺ¤ØÁ
khwaamM kheeF riuH kheeF rehL thangH laayR maiF daiF yuuL naiM khwaamM rapH phitL chaawpF khaawngR dtohnM aehngM haakL dtaaeL maaM jaakL haehtL bpatL jaiM euunL theeF yuuL neuuaR gaanM khuaapF khoomM
"All of the unattractiveness (of the leadership group) is not his responsibility; but arises from factors beyond his control."
¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ ä´éá¡è¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ·Õè»ÃСͺ¤ÓÍ×è¹áÅзÓ˹éÒ·Õèàªè¹à´ÕÂǡѺ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì àªè¹
khahmM gaL riH yaaM daiF gaaeL khahmM gaL riH yaaM theeF bpraL gaawpL khahmM euunL laeH thahmM naaF theeF chehnF diaaoM gapL khahmM wiH saeht[n]L chehnF
Verbs: specifically, verbs which are combined with other types of words and perform the same function as modifiers, for example,
¤Ó¹ÒÁ ä´éá¡è¤Ó¹ÒÁ·Õè»ÃСͺ¤ÓÍ×è¹ áÅзÓ˹éÒ·Õèàªè¹à´ÕÂǡѺ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì àªè¹ ä¡èºéÒ¹ ä¡è»èÒ ªéÒ§º¡ ¤ÃÙà´ç¡ ¤ÃÙ¼ÙéãË­è ÏÅÏ
khahmM naamM daiF gaaeL khahmM naamM theeF bpraL gaawpL khahmM euunL laeH thahmM naaF theeF chehnF diaaoM gapL khahmM wiH saeht[n]L chehnF gaiL baanF gaiL bpaaL chaangH bohkL khruuM dekL khruuM phuuF yaiL
Nouns: specifically, nouns which are combined with other types of words and perform the same function as modifiers, for example, “domestic fowl,” “wild fowl,” “[terrestrial] elephant,” “a teacher of students,” and “a senior teacher.”
µéͧàÃÕ§äÇé¢éÒ§ËÅѧ¤ÓÍ×è¹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¤Ó¹ÒÁ áÅÐÊÃþ¹ÒÁ
dtaawngF riiangM waiH khaangF langR khahmM euunL naawkF jaakL khahmM naamM laeH sapL phaH naamM
[They] must be placed after another word excluding nouns and pronouns.
·ÓäÁäÁè¨Ñ´·ÕèʹÒÁËÅǧ·ÕèäÁè·ÓãË餹·Õè¹Ñº¶×ÍÈÒʹÒÍ×è¹ÃÙéÊÖ¡µÐ¢Ô´µÐ¢Ç§ã¨
thahmM maiM maiF jatL theeF saL naamR luaangR theeF maiF thahmM haiF khohnM theeF napH theuuR saatL saL naaR euunL ruuH seukL dtaL khitL dtaL khuaangR jaiM
"Why can’t they have (the meeting) in Sanam Luang where people who believe in other religious would not feel uncomfortable."
¹Ñ¡ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒʵÃìÊèǹ˹Öè§àª×èÍÇèÒ ¡Òõè͵éÒ¹¾×ª´Ñ´á»Å§¾Ñ¹¸Ø¡ÃÃÁ·Õè¼èÒ¹ÁÒ äÁèä´éà»ç¹»Ñ­ËÒ¨Ò¡µÑÇà·¤â¹âÅÂÕ¨ÃÔ§ æ áµèà»ç¹»Ñ­ËҡѺà¨éҢͧ෤â¹âÅÂÕÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒÍÂèÒ§Í×è¹
nakH witH thaH yaaM saat[dr]L suaanL neungL cheuuaF waaF gaanM dtaawL dtaanF pheuutF datL bplaaengM phanM thooH gamM theeF phaanL maaM maiF daiF bpenM bpanM haaR jaakL dtuaaM thaehkF nohM lohM yeeM jingM jingM dtaaeL bpenM bpanM haaR gapL jaoF khaawngR thaehkF nohM lohM yeeM maakF gwaaL yaangL euunL
"One group of scientists believes that the opposition to genetically modified crops in the past does not reflect a problems with the technology itself, but, more than any other factor, reflects a problems with who owns the technology."
¼ÁàͧäÁèä´é¤é¹¤ÇéÒàÃ×èͧ¹Õéà»ç¹ËÅÑ¡ à»ç¹à¾Õ§ÍèÒ¹¾ºâ´ÂºÑ§àÍÔ­¨Ò¡¡Òä鹤ÇéÒàÃ×èͧÍ×è¹à·èÒ¹Ñé¹ ÍÒ¨¨ÐÁͧ¢éÒÁµ¡ËÅè¹
phohmR aehngM maiF daiF khohnH khwaaH reuuangF neeH bpenM lakL bpenM phiiangM aanL phohpH dooyM bangM eernM jaakL gaanM khohnH khwaaH reuuangF euunL thaoF nanH aatL jaL maawngM khaamF dtohkL lohnL
"I myself did not research this issue as a primary matter; I only stumbled across this issue in passing. Perhaps I overlooked or missed (something)."
ÇÅÕ ä´éá¡è¡ÅØèÁ¤Ó·Õè»ÃСͺ¤ÓÍ×è¹áÅзÓ˹éÒ·Õèàªè¹à´ÕÂǡѺ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì
waH leeM daiF gaaeL gloomL khahmM theeF bpraL gaawpL khahmM euunL laeH thahmM naaF theeF chehnF diaaoM gapL khahmM wiH saeht[n]L
Phrases or word groups: specifically word groups which are combined with other words and which function as modifiers:
ÊÒÁÇѹ¨Ò¡...¹ÒÃÕà»ç¹Í×è¹
saamR wanM jaakL naaM reeM bpenM euunL
"Out of sight, out of mind."
àËÂÕ´¼ÔÇËÁÒ¶֧´Ù¶Ù¡¤¹ªÒµÔÍ×è¹·ÕèÁÕÊÕ¼ÔǵèÒ§¡Ñºàª×éͪҵԵ¹ ÁÑ¡ãªéá¡è¾Ç¡¼ÔÇ¢ÒÇàËÂÕ´¾Ç¡¼ÔÇ´Ó
yiiatL phiuR maayR theungR duuM thuukL khohnM chaatF euunL theeF meeM seeR phiuR dtaangL gapL cheuuaH chaatF dtohnM makH chaiH gaaeL phuaakF phiuR khaaoR yiiatL phuaakF phiuR dahmM
"'Racial discrimination' means to look down upon persons with a skin color different from one’s own; it is usually used for a white person discriminating against a black person."
2. Í×è¹ æ  euunL euunL  [pronoun]
definition
[pronoun, determiner] another

examples
à¾ÃÒÐÇèÒÁѹà»ç¹ÊѵÇì·ÕèäÁèÊÇÂÍÂèÒ§ÊѵÇìÍ×è¹ æ
phrawH waaF manM bpenM sat[w]L theeF maiF suayR yaangL sat[w]L euunL euunL
because they are not cute like other animals.
áÅÐÍ×è¹ æ ÍÕ¡ÁÒ¡ÁÒÂlaeH euunL euunL eekL maakF maayMet cetera
ÊÔè§·ÕèµÒÁÁÒ¤×Í ¤ÇÒÁàª×èÍÁÑè¹ã¹¡ÒúÃÔâÀ¤¶´¶ÍÂŧ »Ñ­ËÒàÈÃɰ¡Ô¨áÅÐÍ×è¹ æ ¨ÐµÒÁÁÒÍÕ¡ÁÒ¡ÁÒÂ
singL theeF dtaamM maaM kheuuM khwaamM cheuuaF manF naiM gaanM bawL riH phohkF thohtL thaawyR lohngM bpanM haaR saehtL thaL gitL laeH euunL euunL jaL dtaamM maaM eekL maakF maayM
What follows will be that confidence (and thus) consumption will weaken. Economic and other problems of an even greater magnitude will follow.
sample
sentences
¡ÒÃʧǹ·èÒ·Õà»ç¹¡ÒÃà¡çºä¾èà´ç´àÍÒäÇé à¾×èÍà¾ÔèÁâÍ¡ÒÊ㹡ÒõèÍÃͧãËéá¡è¾Ãä¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧÍ×è¹ æ
gaanM saL nguaanR thaaF theeM bpenM gaanM gepL phaiF detL aoM waiH pheuuaF pheermF ohM gaatL naiM gaanM dtaawL raawngM haiF gaaeL phakH gaanM meuuangM euunL euunL
"Being reserved (regarding one’s position) is holding your cards close to your chest, in order to enhance your bargaining position with respect other political parties."
¤Ó¹ÒÁáÅФӡÃÔÂÒ·Õè¹ÓÁÒãªéà»ç¹¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì â´ÂÁÒ¡à»ç¹ÅѡɳÇÔàÈɳì áÅФÓÇÔàÈɳìã´ æ ·Õè¨Ñ´à¢éÒ㹤ÓÇÔàÈɳ쪹ԴÍ×è¹ æ äÁèä´é µéͧ¹ÑºÇèÒà»ç¹ÅѡɳÇÔàÈɳì·Ñé§ÊÔé¹
khahmM naamM laeH khahmM gaL riH yaaM theeF nahmM maaM chaiH bpenM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L dooyM maakF bpenM lakH saL naL wiH saeht[n]L laeH khahmM wiH saeht[n]L daiM daiM theeF jatL khaoF naiM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L chaH nitH euunL euunL maiF daiF dtaawngF napH waaF bpenM lakH saL naL wiH saeht[n]L thangH sinF
Nouns and verbs which are used as modifiers are usually “characteristic modifiers” and any modifier which cannot be otherwise be classified will be considered to be a “characteristic modifier.”
àÃÒ¨ÐÁÕͤµÔËÃ×ÍÁͧàËç¹¢éͺ¡¾Ãèͧ¢Í§¤¹ªÒµÔÍ×è¹ æ áµèÁͧ¢éÒÁ¢éͺ¡¾Ãèͧ¢Í§àÃÒàͧ
raoM jaL meeM ohkL khaH dtiL reuuR maawngM henR khaawF bohkL phraawngF khaawngR khohnM chaatF euunL euunL dtaaeL maawngM khaamF khaawF bohkL phraawngF khaawngR raoM aehngM
"We [often] carry prejudices or see the defects and deficiencies in people of other races while overlooking the deficiencies in our own group."
àÃÒà¹é¹¤ÇÒÁÃÙé¤ÇÒÁàªÕèÂǪҭÁÒ¡¨¹¡ÃзÑè§ÅÐàŵÑÇá»ÃÍ×è¹ æ ä»
raoM nehnH khwaamM ruuH khwaamM chiaaoF chaanM maakF johnM graL thangF laH leeuyM dtuaaM bpraaeM euunL euunL bpaiM
"We emphasize knowledge and expertise to such an extent that we neglect other factors."

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