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1.  [adjective]
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| definition | other
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| examples | ¡è͹Í×è¹  | gaawnL euunL | first of all, first and foremost |
¤¹Í×è¹  | khohnM euunL | another person; other person |
ã¤ÃÍ×è¹  | khraiM euunL | somebody else; anybody else |
¶éÒÊÃТͧ¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà»ç¹ÊÃÐÍ×è¹·ÕèäÁèãªèÊÃÐÍÐ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂѪ¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉâ´ÂäÁèµéͧ«é͹¾ÂѪ¹Ð àªè¹ thaaF saL raL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF bpenM saL raL euunL theeF maiF chaiF saL raL aL haiF thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dooyM maiF dtaawngF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH chehnFIf the vowel associated with the first syllable is any vowel other than /-a-/, the consonant should be transcribed using the English consonant itself without doubling up the consonant, for example: |
·ÕèÍ×è¹ | theeF euunL | elsewhere |
·ÕèÍ×è¹  | theeF euunL | the other; any other; another |
¼ÙéÍ×è¹  | phuuF euunL | other people; others |
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ÊÔè§Í×è¹ | singL euunL | (pronoun, determiner) another |
ÍÍ¡àÊÕ§á»Ãä»à»ç¹àÊÕ§µÑÇÍ×è¹ aawkL siiangR bpraaeM bpaiM bpenM siiangR dtuaaM euunL[Thai grammar] [describing the situation in a] false consonant cluster where the silent à affects the pronunciation of the syllable |
sample sentences | |
à¢Ò´Ô鹪¹Ô´·Õ褹Í×è¹à´Ô¹µÒÁà¢ÒäÁèä´é khaoR dinF chaH nitH theeF khohnM euunL deernM dtaamM khaoR maiF daiFHe is struggling to the extent that others are having difficulty following him. |
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¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ ä´éá¡è¤Ó¡ÃÔÂÒ·Õè»ÃСͺ¤ÓÍ×è¹áÅзÓ˹éÒ·Õèàªè¹à´ÕÂǡѺ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì àªè¹ khahmM gaL riH yaaM daiF gaaeL khahmM gaL riH yaaM theeF bpraL gaawpL khahmM euunL laeH thahmM naaF theeF chehnF diaaoM gapL khahmM wiH saeht[n]L chehnFVerbs: specifically, verbs which are combined with other types of words and perform the same function as modifiers, for example, |
¤Ó¹ÒÁ ä´éá¡è¤Ó¹ÒÁ·Õè»ÃСͺ¤ÓÍ×è¹ áÅзÓ˹éÒ·Õèàªè¹à´ÕÂǡѺ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì àªè¹ ä¡èºéÒ¹ ä¡è»èÒ ªéÒ§º¡ ¤ÃÙà´ç¡ ¤ÃÙ¼ÙéãËè ÏÅÏ khahmM naamM daiF gaaeL khahmM naamM theeF bpraL gaawpL khahmM euunL laeH thahmM naaF theeF chehnF diaaoM gapL khahmM wiH saeht[n]L chehnF gaiL baanF gaiL bpaaL chaangH bohkL khruuM dekL khruuM phuuF yaiL Nouns: specifically, nouns which are combined with other types of words and perform the same function as modifiers, for example, “domestic fowl,” “wild fowl,” “[terrestrial] elephant,” “a teacher of students,” and “a senior teacher.” |
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·ÓäÁäÁè¨Ñ´·ÕèʹÒÁËÅǧ·ÕèäÁè·ÓãË餹·Õè¹Ñº¶×ÍÈÒʹÒÍ×è¹ÃÙéÊÖ¡µÐ¢Ô´µÐ¢Ç§ã¨ thahmM maiM maiF jatL theeF saL naamR luaangR theeF maiF thahmM haiF khohnM theeF napH theuuR saatL saL naaR euunL ruuH seukL dtaL khitL dtaL khuaangR jaiM"Why can’t they have (the meeting) in Sanam Luang where people who believe in other religious would not feel uncomfortable." |
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ÇÅÕ ä´éá¡è¡ÅØèÁ¤Ó·Õè»ÃСͺ¤ÓÍ×è¹áÅзÓ˹éÒ·Õèàªè¹à´ÕÂǡѺ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì waH leeM daiF gaaeL gloomL khahmM theeF bpraL gaawpL khahmM euunL laeH thahmM naaF theeF chehnF diaaoM gapL khahmM wiH saeht[n]LPhrases or word groups: specifically word groups which are combined with other words and which function as modifiers: |
ÊÒÁÇѹ¨Ò¡...¹ÒÃÕà»ç¹Í×è¹ saamR wanM jaakL naaM reeM bpenM euunL"Out of sight, out of mind." |
àËÂÕ´¼ÔÇËÁÒ¶֧´Ù¶Ù¡¤¹ªÒµÔÍ×è¹·ÕèÁÕÊÕ¼ÔǵèÒ§¡Ñºàª×éͪҵԵ¹ ÁÑ¡ãªéá¡è¾Ç¡¼ÔÇ¢ÒÇàËÂÕ´¾Ç¡¼ÔÇ´Ó yiiatL phiuR maayR theungR duuM thuukL khohnM chaatF euunL theeF meeM seeR phiuR dtaangL gapL cheuuaH chaatF dtohnM makH chaiH gaaeL phuaakF phiuR khaaoR yiiatL phuaakF phiuR dahmM"'Racial discrimination' means to look down upon persons with a skin color different from one’s own; it is usually used for a white person discriminating against a black person." |
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2. Í×è¹ æ euunL euunL [pronoun]
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| definition | [pronoun, determiner] another
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| examples | |
áÅÐÍ×è¹ æ ÍÕ¡ÁÒ¡ÁÒÂ | laeH euunL euunL eekL maakF maayM | et cetera |
ÊÔè§·ÕèµÒÁÁÒ¤×Í ¤ÇÒÁàª×èÍÁÑè¹ã¹¡ÒúÃÔâÀ¤¶´¶ÍÂŧ »ÑËÒàÈÃɰ¡Ô¨áÅÐÍ×è¹ æ ¨ÐµÒÁÁÒÍÕ¡ÁÒ¡ÁÒ singL theeF dtaamM maaM kheuuM khwaamM cheuuaF manF naiM gaanM bawL riH phohkF thohtL thaawyR lohngM bpanM haaR saehtL thaL gitL laeH euunL euunL jaL dtaamM maaM eekL maakF maayMWhat follows will be that confidence (and thus) consumption will weaken. Economic and other problems of an even greater magnitude will follow. |
sample sentences | ¡ÒÃʧǹ·èÒ·Õà»ç¹¡ÒÃà¡çºä¾èà´ç´àÍÒäÇé à¾×èÍà¾ÔèÁâÍ¡ÒÊ㹡ÒõèÍÃͧãËéá¡è¾Ãä¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧÍ×è¹ æ gaanM saL nguaanR thaaF theeM bpenM gaanM gepL phaiF detL aoM waiH pheuuaF pheermF ohM gaatL naiM gaanM dtaawL raawngM haiF gaaeL phakH gaanM meuuangM euunL euunL"Being reserved (regarding one’s position) is holding your cards close to your chest, in order to enhance your bargaining position with respect other political parties." |
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àÃÒ¨ÐÁÕͤµÔËÃ×ÍÁͧàËç¹¢éͺ¡¾Ãèͧ¢Í§¤¹ªÒµÔÍ×è¹ æ áµèÁͧ¢éÒÁ¢éͺ¡¾Ãèͧ¢Í§àÃÒàͧ raoM jaL meeM ohkL khaH dtiL reuuR maawngM henR khaawF bohkL phraawngF khaawngR khohnM chaatF euunL euunL dtaaeL maawngM khaamF khaawF bohkL phraawngF khaawngR raoM aehngM"We [often] carry prejudices or see the defects and deficiencies in people of other races while overlooking the deficiencies in our own group." |
àÃÒà¹é¹¤ÇÒÁÃÙé¤ÇÒÁàªÕèÂǪÒÁÒ¡¨¹¡ÃзÑè§ÅÐàŵÑÇá»ÃÍ×è¹ æ ä» raoM nehnH khwaamM ruuH khwaamM chiaaoF chaanM maakF johnM graL thangF laH leeuyM dtuaaM bpraaeM euunL euunL bpaiM"We emphasize knowledge and expertise to such an extent that we neglect other factors." |
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