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ª¹Ô´  chaH nitH
contents of this page
1.class; sort; type; variety; category; group; kind; species; in the style of ...
2.[numerical classifier for pills, and small pea-sized objects]

pronunciation guide
Phonemic ThaiªÐ-¹Ô´
IPAtɕʰánít
Royal Thai General Systemchanit

alternate
spelling
ªÐ¹Ô´chaH nitH
1. common Thai word   [noun, adverb]
definition
class; sort; type; variety; category; group; kind; species; in the style of ...

synonyms¾ÃóphanMcategory; type; variety; kind
»ÃÐàÀ· bpraL phaehtFcategory; class; kind; sort; type; species
examples
¡Åéͧ¶èÒÂÃÙ»ª¹Ô´ãªéá¼è¹´ÔÊ¡ì
glaawngF thaayL ruupF chaH nitH chaiH phaenL dit[k]L
disc camera
¤èÒ¹ÒÂ˹éÒª¹Ô´äÁè¨Ó¡Ñ´
khaaF naayM naaF chaH nitH maiF jahmM gatL
unlimited commisssion
§Ùà»ç¹ÊѵÇìàÅ×éͤÅÒ¹ª¹Ô´Ë¹Öè§
nguuM bpenM sat[w]L leuuayH khlaanM chaH nitH neungL
The snake is a type of reptile.
¨ÃÐà¢éª¹Ô´Ë¹Öè§jaL raH khehF chaH nitH neungLalligator
ª¹Ô´Ë¹Öè§chaH nitH neungLa type; one type, a single instance; one version
áµè§ÙãË­èºÒ§ª¹Ô´ àªè¹§ÙàËÅ×ÍÁ ªÍº¡Ô¹ÊѵÇìâµ æ
dtaaeL nguuM yaiL baangM chaH nitH chehnF nguuM leuuamR chaawpF ginM sat[w]L dtohM dtohM
but large snakes, such as the python, prefer to eat large animals.
áµèºÒ§ª¹Ô´äÁèÁÕ¾ÔÉdtaaeL baangM chaH nitH maiF meeM phitHbut some other types are not poisonous.
¶éҤӤسÈѾ·ì¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂÇèÒ "à¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡Ñº" ËÃ×Í "à¡ÕèÂÇà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡" ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁâ´Âãªé¤Ó»ÃСͺ àªÔ§ Ẻ ÍÂèÒ§ ·Ò§ ª¹Ô´ Ãкº ÏÅÏ áÅéÇáµè¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ àªè¹
thaaF khahmM khoonM sap[t]L nanH meeM khwaamM maayR waaF giaaoL khaawngF gapL reuuR giaaoL neuuangF jaakL khahmM naamM nanH haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM naamM dooyM chaiH khahmM bpraL gaawpL cheerngM baaepL yaangL thaangM chaH nitH raH bohpL laaeoH dtaaeL khwaamM maayR chehnF
If the adjective has the meaning of "concerning, involving" or "connected, related to" the noun should be transcribed in the noun form using a compound word (a combined Thai and English word) and the Thai connectors, àªÔ§  Ẻ  ÍÂèÒ§  ·Ò§  ª¹Ô´  Ãкº  and the like, depending on the particular meaning, for example:
¶éÒµéͧ¡ÒÃà¹é¹ÇèÒ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹à»ç¹ÊÔè§·ÕèÁÕËÅÒª¹Ô´áÅФӤسÈѾ·ì·Õè»ÃСͺà»ç¹ª¹Ô´Ë¹Ö觢ͧ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ÍÒ¨·ÑºÈѾ·ìâ´Âãªé¤Ó»ÃСͺ Ẻ ª¹Ô´ Ãкº ÏÅÏ ÁÒá·Ã¡äÇéÃÐËÇèÒ§¤Ó¹ÒÁ¡Ñº¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì àªè¹
thaaF dtaawngF gaanM nehnH waaF khahmM naamM nanH bpenM singL theeF meeM laayR chaH nitH laeH khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF bpraL gaawpL bpenM chaH nitH neungL khaawngR khahmM naamM nanH aatL thapH sap[t]L dooyM chaiH khahmM bpraL gaawpL baaepL chaH nitH raH bohpL maaM saaekF waiH raH waangL khahmM naamM gapL khahmM khoonM sap[t]L chehnF
If one wishes to emphasize the fact that a particular noun is one of many elements in a series and the adjective associated with that noun is one of those elements, one may transcribe using a Thai combining word such as Ẻ  (model) ª¹Ô´  (kind or type) Ãкº  (method or system), such as:
·Ø¡ª¹Ô´thookH chaH nitHevery kind; all kinds; all types
¹Ò¹Òª¹Ô´naaM naaM chaH nitHall kinds or sorts
ºÒ§ª¹Ô´ÁÕ¾ÔÉbaangM chaH nitH meeM phitHSome types are poisonous,
ẺÍÑ¡ÉÃä·Âª¹Ô´ÅÒÂÁ×Í
baaepL akL saawnR thaiM chaH nitH laayM meuuM
handwriting Thai fonts or typefaces
¾ÅÒʵԡª¹Ô´à·ÍÃìâÁ૵µÔ§
phlaatF dtikL chaH nitH thuuhrM mohM saehtF dtingM
thermosetting plastic
ÁÒ¡ª¹Ô´maakF chaH nitHmany kinds
ÁÕ§ÙÍÕ¡ËÅÒª¹Ô´·ÕèªÍº¡Ô¹»ÅÒ
meeM nguuM eekL laayR chaH nitH theeF chaawpF ginM bplaaM
There are yet many types of snakes which prefer to eat fish.
âä·Ò§à´Ô¹ËÒÂ㨪¹Ô´à©Õº¾ÅÑ¹ÃØ¹áç
rohkF thaangM deernM haayR jaiM chaH nitH chiiapL phlanM roonM raaengM
[see «ÒÃìÊ (SARS)]
ÅÙ¡·éͪ¹Ô´Ë¹Öè§luukF thaawH chaH nitH neungLnectarine
ËÔ¹¤ÇÍÃ쵫ì¨Ó¾Ç¡âÁÃÒª¹Ô´Ë¹Öè§ ÁÕÊÕá´§à¨×ÍàËÅ×ͧ-¹éÓµÒÅ
hinR khwaaw[r]d[s]F jahmM phuaakF mohM raaM chaH nitH neungL meeM seeR daaengM jeuuaM leuuangR nahmH dtaanM
jasper
ËÔ¹¤ÇÍÃ쵫쪹Դ˹Öè§ ÁÕᶺÊÕ¢¹Ò¹ÊÅѺ¡Ñ¹
hinR khwaaw[r]d[s]F chaH nitH neungL meeM thaaepL seeR khaL naanR saL lapL ganM
onyx
ËÔ¹âÁÃÒª¹Ô´Ë¹Öè§ ÁÑ¡à»ç¹ÊÕ¢ÒÇ
hinR mohM raaM chaH nitH neungL makH bpenM seeR khaaoR
sardonyx
sample
sentences
¡ÒÃÃѺ»ÃзҹÍÒËÒÃਠ·ÓãËéÁÕâÍ¡ÒÊä´é¡Ô¹¾×ª¼Ñ¡·ÕèÁդس»ÃÐ⪹ìÁÒ¡ÁÒÂËÅÒª¹Ô´
gaanM rapH bpraL thaanM aaM haanR jaehM thahmM haiF meeM ohM gaatL daiF ginM pheuutF phakL theeF meeM khoonM bpraL yoht[n]L maakF maayM laayR chaH nitH
"Eating vegetarian food gives us a chance to eat vegetables and products of the earth which have many different kinds of benefits."
¡ÒÃÇÔ¨Òóì¤×ͤÇÒÁ¾ÂÒÂÒÁ¨ÐËÒ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ·Õè»ÃÒ¡¯ã¹§Ò¹ÈÔÅ»ì áÅéÇ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¤Ø³¤èÒ´éÇ»·Ñʶҹ¹Ò¹Òª¹Ô´
gaanM wiH jaan[n]M kheuuM khwaamM phaH yaaM yaamM jaL haaR khwaamM maayR theeF bpraaM gohtL naiM ngaanM sin[p]R laaeoH bpraL meernM khoonM khaaF duayF bpaL thatH thaanR naaM naaM chaH nitH
"Art criticism is the attempt to find meaning that is conveyed by a work of art and to evaluate that work using a variety of standards."
à¢Ò´Ô鹪¹Ô´·Õ褹Í×è¹à´Ô¹µÒÁà¢ÒäÁèä´é
khaoR dinF chaH nitH theeF khohnM euunL deernM dtaamM khaoR maiF daiF
He is struggling to the extent that others are having difficulty following him.
¤Ó¹ÒÁáÅФӡÃÔÂÒ·Õè¹ÓÁÒãªéà»ç¹¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì â´ÂÁÒ¡à»ç¹ÅѡɳÇÔàÈɳì áÅФÓÇÔàÈɳìã´ æ ·Õè¨Ñ´à¢éÒ㹤ÓÇÔàÈɳ쪹ԴÍ×è¹ æ äÁèä´é µéͧ¹ÑºÇèÒà»ç¹ÅѡɳÇÔàÈɳì·Ñé§ÊÔé¹
khahmM naamM laeH khahmM gaL riH yaaM theeF nahmM maaM chaiH bpenM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L dooyM maakF bpenM lakH saL naL wiH saeht[n]L laeH khahmM wiH saeht[n]L daiM daiM theeF jatL khaoF naiM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L chaH nitH euunL euunL maiF daiF dtaawngF napH waaF bpenM lakH saL naL wiH saeht[n]L thangH sinF
Nouns and verbs which are used as modifiers are usually “characteristic modifiers” and any modifier which cannot be otherwise be classified will be considered to be a “characteristic modifier.”
¤ÓÇÔàÈɳ쪹Դ¹Õé ¶éÒÁÕ¤Ó¹ÒÁËÃ×ÍÊÃþ¹ÒÁÁÒÃѺ¢éÒ§ËÅѧ ¹ÑºÇèÒà»ç¹¤ÓºØ¾º· àªè¹
khahmM wiH saeht[n]L chaH nitH neeH thaaF meeM khahmM naamM reuuR sapL phaH naamM maaM rapH khaangF langR napH waaF bpenM khahmM boopL phaH bohtL chehnF
With respect to this type of word, if there is a noun or a pronoun following it, the word will serve the function of a preposition, for example,
¤ÓÇÔàÈɳìáºè§ÍÍ¡à»ç¹ ñ𠪹Դ ¤×Í
khahmM wiH saeht[n]L baengL aawkL bpenM sipL chaH nitH kheuuM
Modifiers may be classified into 10 types; these are:
ª¹Ô´¢Í§¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì
chaH nitH khaawngR khahmM wiH saeht[n]L
Types of modifiers
«Ò¡´Ö¡´ÓºÃþìÁÕËÅÒª¹Ô´ ÍÒ¨à»ç¹ÊÔè§·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¤§·¹ÂÒ¡µèÍ¡Ò÷ÓÅÒ àªè¹ ¿Ñ¹ ¡Ãд١ ËÃ×Í à»Å×Í¡ áµè㹺ҧÊÀÒÇÐ ÍÒ¨ÁÕ¡ÒÃà¡çºÃÑ¡ÉÒ«Ò¡ÊѵÇì·Ñé§µÑÇãË餧ÍÂÙèä´é
saakF deukL dahmM ban[p]M meeM laayR chaH nitH aatL bpenM singL theeF meeM khwaamM khohngM thohnM yaakF dtaawL gaanM thahmM laayM chehnF fanM graL duukL reuuR bpleuuakL dtaaeL naiM baangM saL phaaM waH aatL meeM gaanM gepL rakH saaR saakF sat[w]L thangH dtuaaM haiF khohngM yuuL daiF
"There are many kinds of fossils. Sometimes they are highly durable items which are difficult to destroy, such as teeth, bones, or shells. However, in some situations, they represent preservation of the remains of complete animal bodies."
·ÕèÃѰÁÕ¹âºÒªèÇÂàËÅ×Í¡ÒþѲ¹Ò¡ÒüÅÔµ ¨Ð¼ÅÔµÊÔ¹¤éÒÍÐäÃ æ ¼ÅÔµÊÔ¹¤éÒª¹Ô´ã´ ¨Ö§¨ÐÊÒÁÒöá¢è§¢Ñ¹¡ÑºµÅÒ´âÅ¡ä´é
theeF ratH meeM naH yohM baayM chuayF leuuaR gaanM phatH naaM gaanM phaL litH jaL phaL litH sinR khaaH aL raiM aL raiM phaL litH sinR khaaH chaH nitH daiM jeungM jaL saaR maatF khaengL khanR gapL dtaL laatL lohkF daiF
Whatever policies the government has in place to assist development of production, (to determine) what agricultural goods should be produced and what specific kinds of produce (should be grown), should allow (the farmers) to be competitive in world markets.
»ÃÐÁÒ³ÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×ͤÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹ áºè§ÍÍ¡à»ç¹ ò ª¹Ô´¤×Í
bpraL maanM wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL jahmM nuaanM baengL aawkL bpenM saawngR chaH nitH kheuuM
“Quantitative modifiers” are modifiers which indicate amounts and are composed of two types
ÁÕ¢éͤÇÒÁà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡Ñ¹ àªè¹ ·Õè «Öè§ Íѹ ÍÂèÒ§·Õè ª¹Ô´·Õè ãËé ÇèÒ ·ÕèÇèÒ ¤×Í à¾×èÍ ãËé à¾×èÍÇèÒ ÏÅÏ µÑÇÍÂèÒ§
meeM khaawF khwaamM giaaoL khaawngF ganM chehnF theeF seungF anM yaangL theeF chaH nitH theeF haiF waaF theeF waaF kheuuM pheuuaF haiF pheuuaF waaF dtuaaM yaangL
Examples include, “that, which, or whom,” “which,” “which, that, or whom,” “in an instance where,” “in order that,” “that,” “as indicated,” “that is,” and “so that,” “in order to,” “in case of,” and others. Sample sentences:
ÁÕ¤¹¨Ó¹Ç¹à¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹àËç¹ÇèÒºéÒ¹àÁ×ͧµ¡ÍÂÙèã¹Çԡĵ¡Òó쪹Դ¨¹ÁØÁäÁèÁÕ·Ò§ÍÍ¡
meeM khohnM jahmM nuaanM pheermF kheunF henR waaF baanF meuuangM dtohkL yuuL naiM wiH gritL gaan[n]M chaH nitH johnM moomM maiF meeM thaangM aawkL
"An increasing number of people believe that the country is falling into a state of crisis where they are cornered with no way out."
äÁè¹èÒàª×èÍÇèÒà¾Õ§á¤èàÇÅÒäÁè¶Ö§à´×͹ËÅѧ¡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡µÑé§¾Ãä¹Ñé¹ä´éª¹ÐàÅ×Í¡µÑé§ áµè¡ÅѺµéͧà»ç¹½èÒµÑé§ÃѺ·Ò§¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧª¹Ô´¶Í¡ÃÙ´
maiF naaF cheuuaF waaF phiiangM khaaeF waehM laaM maiF theungR deuuanM langR gaanM leuuakF dtangF phakH nanH daiF chaH naH leuuakF dtangF dtaaeL glapL dtaawngF bpenM faayL dtangF rapH thaangM gaanM meuuangM chaH nitH thaawyR gruutL
"It is unbelievable that not even one month after winning the election, the party was put on the defensive in the political arena and was retreating in disarray."
àÃҨоºàËç¹¼ÅÔµÀѳ±ì·Õèá»ÃÃÙ»¨Ò¡àÁÅç´¶ÑèÇàËÅ×ͧÁÒ¡ÁÒÂËÅÒª¹Ô´
raoM jaL phohpH henR phaL litH dtaL phan[t]M theeF bpraaeM ruupF jaakL maH letH thuaaL leuuangR maakF maayM laayR chaH nitH
"We will see many products which are created from soybeans."
ÅѡɳÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×ͤÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡ÅѡɳеèÒ§ æ àªè¹ ºÍ¡ª¹Ô´, ÊÕ, Êѳ°Ò¹, ¢¹Ò´, àÊÕ§, ÍÒ¡ÒÃ, ¡ÅÔè¹, ÃÊ, ¤ÇÒÁÃÙéÊÖ¡ à»ç¹µé¹ àªè¹
´Õ, ªÑèÇ, ¢ÒÇ, ´Ó, ¡ÅÁ, ẹ, ãË­è, àÅç¡, â¤ÃÁ, à»ÃÕé§, àÃçÇ, ªéÒ, ËÍÁ, àËÁç¹, à»ÃÕéÂÇ, ËÇÒ¹, Ãé͹, àÂç¹ ÏÅÏ

lakH saL naL wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL lakH saL naL dtaangL dtaangL chehnF baawkL chaH nitH seeR sanR thaanR khaL naatL siiangR aaM gaanM glinL rohtH khwaamM ruuH seukL bpenM dtohnF chehnF deeM chuaaF khaaoR dahmM glohmM baaenM yaiL lekH khrohmM bpriiangF reoM chaaH haawmR menR bpriaaoF waanR raawnH yenM
“Modifiers describing characteristics” which are combined with other words to describe various characteristics, such as describing the type, color, shape, size, sound, symptom, smell, taste, and feel, for example:
“good,” “evil,” “white,” “black,” “round,” “flat,” “large,” “small,” “thudding,” “thundering,” “fast, “slow,” “fragrant,” “stinky,” “sour,” “sweet,” “hot,” “cold,” etc.
ÊÔ¹¤éÒ·Õè¨Ó˹èÒ·ءª¹Ô´ã¹ÃéÒ¹ µéͧ¼èÒ¹¡ÒÃ͹ØÁѵÔà»ç¹ÅÒÂÅѡɳìÍÑ¡ÉÃ
sinR khaaH theeF jahmM naayL thookH chaH nitH naiM raanH dtaawngF phaanL gaanM aL nooH matH bpenM laayM lakH akL saawnR
"Every item of merchandise sold at the store must be approved in writing."
2.   [classifier]
definition
[numerical classifier for pills, and small pea-sized objects]

enumerated
nouns
ÁÐÁèǧ  maH muaangFmango; mangoes
´ÔÃѨ©Ò¹diL ratH chaanRbeast(s); animal(s)
àÊ×éÍàªÔéµseuuaF cheertHshirt
ÍØ»¡Ã³ìà¤Ã×èͧãªéä¿¿éÒ
ooL bpaL goh[r]nM khreuuangF chaiH faiM faaH
electrical appliances
¢Í§¢ºà¤ÕéÂÇkhaawngR khohpL khiaaoHsnacks
¾×ª¾ÃópheuutF phanMflorae; various kinds of plants
¾ÃóäÁéphanM maaiHkind of tree; variety of plant
examplesà¡Áª¹Ô´µèÒ§ ægaehmM chaH nitH dtaangL dtaangLgames
ËÁÒ¡ª¹Ô´Ë¹Öè§ àÅè¹Êͧ¤¹
maakL chaH nitH neungL lehnF saawngR khohnM
backgammon
ËÑÇËÍÁª¹Ô´àÅç¡huaaR haawmR chaH nitH lekHpearl onion

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