alternate spelling | ©Ðà¾ÒÐ | chaL phawH |
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1.  [modifier]
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| definition | [is] specific; particular; limited; provisional
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| examples | ¨Ø´à´è¹ÅѡɳÐ੾ÒÐ | jootL dehnL lakH saL naL chaL phawH | prominent characteristic |
੾ÒзÕè | chaL phawH theeF | localized; targeted |
੾ÒмÙéà´ÕÂÇ | chaL phawH phuuF diaaoM | individual; personal |
੾ÒÐÃÒÂ | chaL phawH raayM | in particular; specifically; to wit |
੾ÒÐ˹éÒ | chaL phawH naaF | putative; possible in the future; potentially forthcoming |
੾ÒÐ˹éÒ | chaL phawH naaF | urgent; short-term; immediate |
੾ÒÐÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§ | chaL phawH yaangL yingF | very specific or special |
â´Â੾ÒÐÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§ | dooyM chaL phawH yaangL yingF | especially |
ªÕé੾ÒÐ  | cheeH chaL phawH | to specify |
µÑÇ੾ÒÐ | dtuaaM chaL phawH | prime number |
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ÅѡɳÐ੾ÒÐ | lakH saL naL chaL phawH | particularities; peculiarity; specific characteristic(s) |
ÅѺ੾ÒÐ  | lapH chaL phawH | exclusively secret or confidential |
ÇÔªÒ੾ÒÐ | wiH chaaM chaL phawH | technical |
ÈѾ·ì੾ÒÐ  | sap[t]L chaL phawH | academic word or term; field word or term; specific word or term |
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sample sentences | ©Ñ¹àÃÕ¹ÇÔªÒ੾ÒÐäÁèãªèÇÔªÒ·ÑèÇä» chanR riianM wiH chaaM chaL phawH maiF chaiF wiH chaaM thuaaF bpaiMI am studying specialized courses, not general courses. |
¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×ÍÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ ÊÔè§¹Õé àªè¹ ¹Õè ¹Ñè¹ â¹è¹ ¹Õé ¹Ñé¹ â¹é¹ ·Ñé§¹Õé ·Ñé§¹Ñé¹ ÍÂèÒ§¹Õé ÍÂèÒ§¹Ñé¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ á·é ¨ÃÔ§ ੾ÒÐ àͧ ´Í¡ á¹è¹Í¹ ·Õà´ÕÂÇ à·ÕÂÇ à¨ÕÂÇ ÏÅÏ niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khamM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jamM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL nanH singL neeH chehnF neeF nanF nohnF neeH nanH nohnH thangH neeH thangH nanH yaangL neeH yaangL nanH dangM neeH dangM nanH thaaeH jingM chaL phawH aehngM daawkL naaeF naawnM theeM diaaoM thiaaoM jiaaoM “Demonstrative modifiers” are modifiers which serve to specify or limit the related word to a specific meaning or a specific item; such words include, “this,” “that,” “that one over there,” “all of these,” “all of those,” “like this,” “like that,” “as follows,” “like this (or that),” “truly,” “specifically,” “only this,” “at all,” “certainly,” “absolutely,” “certainly,” “surely, positively,” etc. |
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»ÑËÒ੾ÒÐã¹´éÒ¹ÃÑ¡ÉÒÀÒÉÒ¹Õé¡çÁÕËÅÒ»ÃСÒÃ bpanM haaR chaL phawH naiM daanF rakH saaR phaaM saaR neeH gaawF meeM laayR bpraL gaanMThere are many problems particularly associated with caring for our language. |
ÃÒ¡°Ò¹ÈÕŸÃÃÁ¨ÃÃÂÒ â´Â੾ÒШҡ¾Ãоط¸ÈÒʹҫÖè§à»ç¹¾×é¹à´ÔÁ ¤Å͹á¤Å¹àÊ×èÍÁ·ÃشŧàÃ×èÍ æ raakF thaanR seenR laH thamM janM yaaM dooyM chaL phawH jaakL phraH phootH saatL saL naaR seungF bpenM pheuunH deermM khlaawnM khlaaenM seuuamL sootH lohngM reuuayF reuuayF"The base of morality, especially from the Buddhist (institutions) which were the original source (of such morality), is becoming unstable and is steadily deteriorating." |
͹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁäÁèªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹ àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×Í ÊÔè§¹Õé ÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ àªè¹ ã´ äà ä˹ ¡Õè ÍÐäà ·ÓäÁ ©Ñ¹ã´ àªè¹äà ÏÅÏ áµè¾Ö§ÊѧࡵÇèÒ ¤Ó¾Ç¡¹Õé¨ÐµéͧäÁèãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊÑ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ »Ä¨©ÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khamM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM maiF cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jamM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL neeH singL nanH chehnF daiM raiM naiR geeL aL raiM thamM maiM chanR daiM chehnF raiM dtaaeL pheungM sangR gaehtL waaF khamM phuaakF neeH jaL dtaawngF maiF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khamM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khamM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khamM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR riiakF waaF bpritL chaaR wiH saeht[n]L dtuaaM yaangL“Indefinite modifiers” are modifiers which express non-specificity or provide a delimiter that something is like this or that, or this thing or that thing; for example, the words “whatever,” “whichever,” “wherever,” “how,” “any,” “how many,” “which,” “why,” “why so ever,” and “how so ever.” However, one should observe that these words, in order to be indefinite modifiers, should not be used in interrogatory sentences or in sentences which indicate doubt; if these words are used in sentences which indicate interrogatories or doubts, they are called, “interrogatory modifiers.” [See below.] Examples include, |
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2. â´Â੾ÒÐ dooyM chaL phawH [adverb]
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| definition | especially; specifically; in particular; particularly
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¡ÒõÑ駵çâ´Â੾ÒÐÍÇÑÂÇÐà¾ÈªÒ gaanM dtangF dtrohngM dooyM chaL phawH aL waiM waH phaehtF chaayMerection of the male sex organ |
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sample sentences | â´Â੾ÒмÙé»ÃСÒÈâ·Ã·Ñȹì ÇÔ·ÂØ µéͧãªéÀÒÉÒä·Âä´é¶Ù¡µéͧàËÁÒÐÊÁµÅÍ´àÇÅÒ dooyM chaL phawH phuuF bpraL gaatL thohM raH that[n]H witH thaH yooH dtaawngF chaiH phaaM saaR thaiM daiF thuukL dtaawngF mawL sohmR dtaL laawtL waehM laaMTelevision and radio news announcers, especially, must use Thai language both correctly and appropriately at all times. |
â´Â੾ÒÐÍÂèÒ§ÂÔ觪ÒǹҪÒÇäÃè ¤ÇÃä´éÃѺ¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹¸ÃÃÁ ËÃ×ÍäÁèàÊÕÂà»ÃÕºã¹â¤Ã§¡ÒõèÒ§ æ dooyM chaL phawH yaangL yingF chaaoM naaM chaaoM raiF khuaanM daiF rapH khwaamM bpenM thamM reuuR maiF siiaR bpriiapL naiM khrohngM gaanM dtaangL dtaangLMost especially, farmers and other agricultural workers should be treated fairly, and they should not be disadvantaged by any (government) programs. |
à¾×èÍà¾ÔèÁÁÙŤèÒÊÔ¹¤éÒà¡ÉµÃâ´Â੾ÒТéÒÇ«Öè§à»ç¹ÊÔ¹¤éÒËÅѡ㹡ÒÃÊè§ÍÍ¡ pheuuaF pheermF muunM khaaF sinR khaaH gaL saeht[r]L dooyM chaL phawH khaaoF seungF bpenM sinR khaaH lakL naiM gaanM sohngL aawkL(This would be done) in order to increase the value of agricultural production—especially rice, which is (Thailand’s) primary export product. |
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special note |
This word contains an initial consonant cluster which does not follow the general clustered consonant tone rule,
either because the second consonant in the cluster is a mid- or high-class consonant, a non-sonorant low-class consonant, or because it
is an unaccounted exception to the rule.
Consequently, as shown in the phonemic transcription result, the tone of the syllable as a whole is determined by the consonant
class of the second consonant in the cluster, not the first.
For more details, please check the following resources:
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