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੾ÒР chaL phawH
contents of this page
1.੾ÒÐchaL phawH[is] specific; particular; limited; provisional
2.â´Â੾ÒÐdooyM chaL phawHespecially; specifically; in particular; particularly

pronunciation guide
Phonemic Thai©Ð-à¾ÒÐ
IPAtɕʰàpʰɔ́ʔ
Royal Thai General Systemchapho

alternate
spelling
©Ðà¾ÒÐchaL phawH
1. common Thai word   [modifier]
definition
[is] specific; particular; limited; provisional

examples¨Ø´à´è¹ÅѡɳÐ੾ÒÐjootL dehnL lakH saL naL chaL phawHprominent characteristic
੾ÒзÕèchaL phawH theeFlocalized; targeted
੾ÒмÙéà´ÕÂÇchaL phawH phuuF diaaoMindividual; personal
੾ÒÐÃÒÂchaL phawH raayMin particular; specifically; to wit
੾ÒÐ˹éÒchaL phawH naaFputative; possible in the future; potentially forthcoming
੾ÒÐ˹éÒchaL phawH naaFurgent; short-term; immediate
੾ÒÐÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§chaL phawH yaangL yingFvery specific or special
â´Â੾ÒÐÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§dooyM chaL phawH yaangL yingFespecially
ªÕé੾ÒÐcheeH chaL phawHto specify
µÑÇ੾ÒÐdtuaaM chaL phawHprime number
¡àÇé¹ã¹¡Ã³Õ·Õè¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡ª×èͺؤ¤Å à»ç¹ª×èÍ੾ÒзÕèà»ç¹·ÕèÃÙé¨Ñ¡¡Ñ¹·ÑèÇä»ã¹áµèÅÐǧ¡Òà «Öè§ÍÒ¨Êѧࡵä´é¨Ò¡¡Ò÷Õèã¹ ÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉäÁèä´éãªéÍÑ¡ÉõÑÇãË­è¢Öé¹µé¹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì àªè¹
yohkH wehnH naiM gaL raH neeM theeF khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L theeF maaM jaakL cheuuF bookL khohnM bpenM cheuuF chaL phawH theeF bpenM theeF ruuH jakL ganM thuaaF bpaiM naiM dtaaeL laH wohngM gaanM seungF aatL sangR gaehtL daiF jaakL gaanM theeF naiM phaaM saaR angM gritL maiF daiF chaiH akL saawnR dtuaaM yaiL kheunF dtohnF haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khamM khoonM naH sap[t]L chehnF
An exception exists where an adjective which was derived from the name of a specific person is a proper name but is commonly and generally known in circles in which it is used. One may discern these words by the fact that such words are not capitalized in English. These words should take the form of an ordinary adjective.
ÅѡɳÐ੾ÒÐlakH saL naL chaL phawHparticularities; peculiarity; specific characteristic(s)
ÅѺ੾ÒÐlapH chaL phawHexclusively secret or confidential
ÇÔªÒ੾ÒÐwiH chaaM chaL phawHtechnical
ÈѾ·ì੾ÒÐsap[t]L chaL phawHacademic word or term; field word or term; specific word or term
ÈѾ·ìÇÔªÒ¡ÒëÖè§ãªé੾ÒÐ¡ÅØèÁ äÁèãªèÈѾ·ì·ÑèÇä» ÍÒ¨à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁËÅѡࡳ±ì¢Öé¹µÒÁ¤ÇÒÁ¨Óà»ç¹
sap[t]L wiH chaaM gaanM seungF chaiH chaL phawH gloomL maiF chaiF sap[t]L thuaaF bpaiM aatL pheermF dteermM lakL gaehn[t]M kheunF dtaamM khwaamM jamM bpenM
These rules may be supplemented as necessary for technical words which are used by specific communities and which are not words in general usage.
àÊ×éͼéÒ·ÕèãÊè੾ÒÐÍÒªÕ¾
seuuaF phaaF theeF saiL chaL phawH aaM cheepF
cloth
sample
sentences
©Ñ¹àÃÕ¹ÇÔªÒ੾ÒÐäÁèãªèÇÔªÒ·ÑèÇä»
chanR riianM wiH chaaM chaL phawH maiF chaiF wiH chaaM thuaaF bpaiM
I am studying specialized courses, not general courses.
¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×ÍÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ ÊÔè§¹Õé àªè¹ ¹Õè ¹Ñè¹ â¹è¹ ¹Õé ¹Ñé¹ â¹é¹ ·Ñé§¹Õé ·Ñé§¹Ñé¹ ÍÂèÒ§¹Õé ÍÂèÒ§¹Ñé¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ á·é ¨ÃÔ§ ੾ÒÐ àͧ ´Í¡ á¹è¹Í¹ ·Õà´ÕÂÇ à·ÕÂÇ à¨ÕÂÇ ÏÅÏ
niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khamM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jamM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL nanH singL neeH chehnF neeF nanF nohnF neeH nanH nohnH thangH neeH thangH nanH yaangL neeH yaangL nanH dangM neeH dangM nanH thaaeH jingM chaL phawH aehngM daawkL naaeF naawnM theeM diaaoM thiaaoM jiaaoM
“Demonstrative modifiers” are modifiers which serve to specify or limit the related word to a specific meaning or a specific item; such words include, “this,” “that,” “that one over there,” “all of these,” “all of those,” “like this,” “like that,” “as follows,” “like this (or that),” “truly,” “specifically,” “only this,” “at all,” “certainly,” “absolutely,” “certainly,” “surely, positively,” etc.
»ÃÐà·È·Ñé§ËÅÒ â´Â੾ÒзÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡µÑé§ ¡çËÒ·Ò§·Õè¨ÐÊ×èÍÊÒáѺ»ÃЪҪ¹â´ÂµÃ§´éÇÂÇÔ¸ÕµèÒ§ æ áÅмèÒ¹Ê×è͵èÒ§ æ
bpraL thaehtF thangH laayR dooyM chaL phawH theeF maaM jaakL gaanM leuuakF dtangF gaawF haaR thaangM theeF jaL seuuL saanR gapL bpraL chaaM chohnM dooyM dtrohngM duayF wiH theeM dtaangL dtaangL laeH phaanL seuuL dtaangL dtaangL
"Leaders of many countries, especially elected leaders, seek out ways to communicate with their people directly using various methods and media."
»Ñ­ËÒ੾ÒÐã¹´éÒ¹ÃÑ¡ÉÒÀÒÉÒ¹Õé¡çÁÕËÅÒ»ÃСÒÃ
bpanM haaR chaL phawH naiM daanF rakH saaR phaaM saaR neeH gaawF meeM laayR bpraL gaanM
There are many problems particularly associated with caring for our language.
ÃÒ¡°Ò¹ÈÕŸÃÃÁ¨ÃÃÂÒ â´Â੾ÒШҡ¾Ãоط¸ÈÒʹҫÖè§à»ç¹¾×é¹à´ÔÁ ¤Å͹á¤Å¹àÊ×èÍÁ·ÃشŧàÃ×èÍ æ
raakF thaanR seenR laH thamM janM yaaM dooyM chaL phawH jaakL phraH phootH saatL saL naaR seungF bpenM pheuunH deermM khlaawnM khlaaenM seuuamL sootH lohngM reuuayF reuuayF
"The base of morality, especially from the Buddhist (institutions) which were the original source (of such morality), is becoming unstable and is steadily deteriorating."
͹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁäÁèªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹ àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×Í ÊÔè§¹Õé ÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ àªè¹ ã´ äà ä˹ ¡Õè ÍÐäà ·ÓäÁ ©Ñ¹ã´ àªè¹äà ÏÅÏ áµè¾Ö§ÊѧࡵÇèÒ ¤Ó¾Ç¡¹Õé¨ÐµéͧäÁèãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊÑ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ »Ä¨©ÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì µÑÇÍÂèÒ§
aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khamM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM maiF cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jamM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL neeH singL nanH chehnF daiM raiM naiR geeL aL raiM thamM maiM chanR daiM chehnF raiM dtaaeL pheungM sangR gaehtL waaF khamM phuaakF neeH jaL dtaawngF maiF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khamM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khamM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khamM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR riiakF waaF bpritL chaaR wiH saeht[n]L dtuaaM yaangL
“Indefinite modifiers” are modifiers which express non-specificity or provide a delimiter that something is like this or that, or this thing or that thing; for example, the words “whatever,” “whichever,” “wherever,” “how,” “any,” “how many,” “which,” “why,” “why so ever,” and “how so ever.” However, one should observe that these words, in order to be indefinite modifiers, should not be used in interrogatory sentences or in sentences which indicate doubt; if these words are used in sentences which indicate interrogatories or doubts, they are called, “interrogatory modifiers.” [See below.] Examples include,
2. â´Â੾ÒÐ  dooyM chaL phawH  [adverb]
definition
especially; specifically; in particular; particularly

examples
¡ÒäúÃͺ»Õ¢Í§à˵ءÒóìã¹Í´Õµâ´Â੾ÒСÒÃáµè§§Ò¹
gaanM khrohpH raawpF bpeeM khaawngR haehtL gaan[n]M naiM aL deetL dooyM chaL phawH gaanM dtaengL ngaanM
anniversary
¡ÒõÑ駵çâ´Â੾ÒÐÍÇÑÂÇÐà¾ÈªÒÂ
gaanM dtangF dtrohngM dooyM chaL phawH aL waiM waH phaehtF chaayM
erection of the male sex organ
·ÄɮշÕèÇèÒ ¤ÇÒÁ¨ÃÔ§¤×Í¡ÒôÓà¹Ô¹¡Ò÷ÕèºÃÔÊØ·¸Ôìâ´Â੾Òзҧ¨Ôµ
thritH saL deeM theeF waaF khwaamM jingM kheuuM gaanM damM neernM gaanM theeF bawL riH sootL dooyM chaL phawH thaangM jitL
activism
sample
sentences
â´Â੾ÒмÙé»ÃСÒÈâ·Ã·Ñȹì ÇÔ·ÂØ µéͧãªéÀÒÉÒä·Âä´é¶Ù¡µéͧàËÁÒÐÊÁµÅÍ´àÇÅÒ
dooyM chaL phawH phuuF bpraL gaatL thohM raH that[n]H witH thaH yooH dtaawngF chaiH phaaM saaR thaiM daiF thuukL dtaawngF mawL sohmR dtaL laawtL waehM laaM
Television and radio news announcers, especially, must use Thai language both correctly and appropriately at all times.
â´Â੾ÒÐÍÂèÒ§ÂÔ觪ÒǹҪÒÇäÃè ¤ÇÃä´éÃѺ¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹¸ÃÃÁ ËÃ×ÍäÁèàÊÕÂà»ÃÕºã¹â¤Ã§¡ÒõèÒ§ æ
dooyM chaL phawH yaangL yingF chaaoM naaM chaaoM raiF khuaanM daiF rapH khwaamM bpenM thamM reuuR maiF siiaR bpriiapL naiM khrohngM gaanM dtaangL dtaangL
Most especially, farmers and other agricultural workers should be treated fairly, and they should not be disadvantaged by any (government) programs.
à¾×èÍà¾ÔèÁÁÙŤèÒÊÔ¹¤éÒà¡ÉµÃâ´Â੾ÒТéÒÇ«Öè§à»ç¹ÊÔ¹¤éÒËÅѡ㹡ÒÃÊè§ÍÍ¡
pheuuaF pheermF muunM khaaF sinR khaaH gaL saeht[r]L dooyM chaL phawH khaaoF seungF bpenM sinR khaaH lakL naiM gaanM sohngL aawkL
(This would be done) in order to increase the value of agricultural production—especially rice, which is (Thailand’s) primary export product.
special
note
This word contains an initial consonant cluster which does not follow the general clustered consonant tone rule, either because the second consonant in the cluster is a mid- or high-class consonant, a non-sonorant low-class consonant, or because it is an unaccounted exception to the rule.

Consequently, as shown in the phonemic transcription result, the tone of the syllable as a whole is determined by the consonant class of the second consonant in the cluster, not the first.

For more details, please check the following resources:

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