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1.  [preposition]
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| definition | towards; in the direction of
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| examples | ¢éÒ§¢Öé¹ | khaangF kheunF | waxing moon |
¢éÒ§«éÒÂ | khaangF saayH | left side |
¢éÒ§µé¹ | khaangF dtohnF | at the beginning |
¢éÒ§ãµé | khaangF dtaiF | under; below |
¢éÒ§¹Í¡  | khaangF naawkF | outside of; external to |
¢éÒ§ã¹  | khaangF naiM | indoors; inside |
¢éÒ§º¹  | khaangF bohnM | above; upstairs; on the upper side |
¢éÒ§ÅèÒ§  | khaangF laangF | below; under; downstairs |
¢éҧ˹éÒ  | khaangF naaF | ahead; forward; in front of |
¢éÒ§ËÅѧ  | khaangF langR | in back of; rear; behind; back; behind |
¢éÒ§ËÅѧ  | khaangF langR | behind |
¤è͹¢éÒ§  | khaawnF khaangF | fairly; rather; somewhat |
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»ÃеٴéÒ¹¢éÒ§  | bpraL dtuuM daanF khaangF | side door |
¼Å¢éÒ§à¤Õ§ | phohnR khaangF khiiangM | side effect |
½èÒ¢éÒ§¹éÍÂ | faayL khaangF naawyH | the (political) minority |
½èÒ¢éÒ§ÁÒ¡ | faayL khaangF maakF | the (political) majority |
äÁé¾Ñ¹ÊÓÅÕ·Õè»ÅÒÂÊͧ¢éÒ§ maaiH phanM sahmR leeM theeF bplaayM saawngR khaangFdouble-headed cotton swab |
sample sentences | ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳ쪹Դ¹Õé ¶éÒÁÕ¤Ó¹ÒÁËÃ×ÍÊÃþ¹ÒÁÁÒÃѺ¢éÒ§ËÅѧ ¹ÑºÇèÒà»ç¹¤ÓºØ¾º· àªè¹ khahmM wiH saeht[n]L chaH nitH neeH thaaF meeM khahmM naamM reuuR sapL phaH naamM maaM rapH khaangF langR napH waaF bpenM khahmM boopL phaH bohtL chehnFWith respect to this type of word, if there is a noun or a pronoun following it, the word will serve the function of a preposition, for example, |
µºÁ×Í¢éÒ§à´ÕÂÇäÁè´Ñ§ dtohpL meuuM khaangF diaaoM maiF dangM"It takes two to make a quarrel." |
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»ÃеԪÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»Ãк͡àÊÕ§ÃéͧàÃÕ¡áÅÐàÊÕ§¢Ò¹ÃѺ à¾×èÍáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁÊÅÐÊÅÇ¢ͧÀÒÉÒ áÅÐáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹¡Ñ¹àͧÃÐËÇèÒ§¼Ùé¾Ù´ àªè¹ ¨ëÒ ¢ÍÃѺ àÇé âÇé âÇ áÅкÃôҤӢÍÃѺ·Õè¡ÅèÒÇáÅéÇ㹤ÓÇÔàÈɳìÃÒªÒÈѾ·ì·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ (´Ù¤ÓÇÔàÈɳìÃÒªÒÈѾ·ì¢éҧ˹éÒ) bpraL dtitL chaH yaaM wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL baawkL siiangR raawngH riiakF laeH siiangR khaanR rapH pheuuaF saL daaengM khwaamM saL laL saL luayR khaawngR phaaM saaR laeH saL daaengM khwaamM bpenM ganM aehngM raH waangL phuuF phuutF chehnF jaaR khaawR rapH weeuyH wooyH wooyM laeH banM daaM khahmM khaawR rapH theeF glaaoL laaeoH naiM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L raaM chaaM sap[t]L thangH sinF duuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L raaM chaaM sap[t]L khaangF naaFAffirmative Modifiers are modifiers which are expressions of calling out and requesting or of answering and response; these words show the melodiousness of the language. The use of these words also indicate that both the parties to the conversation have an informal or friendly relationship to each other. Words include the following: “jaa,” “khorap,” “woiy (high tone”), “wooy (high tone)” “wooy (mid tone)” as well as all the other response words included in the royal language modifiers (See the the list of royal language modifiers below.) [The text itself contains a separate section on royal language modifiers.] Sample sentences include: |
à»ç¹»Ãиҹ¢Í§¡ÃÔÂÒ·ÕèµÒÁÁÒ¢éÒ§ËÅѧ (¤×Í »Ãиҹ¢Í§¤Ø³Ò¹Ø»ÃÐâ¤) bpenM bpraL thaanM khaawngR gaL riH yaaM theeF dtaamM maaM khaangF langR kheuuM bpraL thaanM khaawngR khooH naaM nooH bpraL yohkF[They] are the subject of the verb which follows (that is, the subject of the associated clause). |
| as a prefix | ¢éÒ§¢ÇÒ | khaangF khwaaR | on the right; towards the right |
| ¢éÒ§«éÒ | khaangF saayH | on the left; towards the left |
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2.  [adverb]
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| definition | beside; on the side of; by
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| examples | ¢éÒ§à¤Õ§ | khaangF khiiangM | adjacent; nearby; adjoining; close; near; next |
¢éÒ§¶¹¹ | khaangF thaL nohnR | roadside |
¦Í ÃЦѧ¢éÒ§½Ò  | khaawM raH khangM khaangF faaR | Kh is for /raH khangM/ (the bell) beside the wall |
âµêТéÒ§àµÕ§  | dtoH khaangF dtiiangM | night table; nightstand |
ä¿¢éÒ§  | faiM khaangF | sidelights |
Ãͺ¢éÒ§ | raawpF khaangF | all around |
ÃéÒ¹¢ÒÂÍÒËÒâéÒ§¶¹¹  | raanH khaayR aaM haanR khaangF thaL nohnR | roadside food stall |
ÅÒ¡¢éÒ§ | laakF khaangF | [name of] the Thai vowel symbol, 'Ò' |
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3.  [noun]
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| definition | side; flank; team
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| examples | ¢éÒ§¹éÍÂ | khaangF naawyH | minority |
à¢éÒ¢éÒ§ | khaoF khaangF | to side with; take sides with; sympathize with |
´éÒ¹¢éÒ§ | daanF khaangF | the side |
¿Ñ§¤ÇÒÁ¢éÒ§à´ÕÂÇ | fangM khwaamM khaangF diaaoM | to listen to one side of the story |
àÊÕ§¢éÒ§¹éÍÂ | siiangR khaangF naawyH | minority |
àÊÕ§¢éÒ§ÁÒ¡ | siiangR khaangF maakF | majority |
ËÑÇÃéÒ§¢éҧᵡ | huaaR raangH khaangF dtaaekL | [is] hurt, injured |
àÍÕ§¢éÒ§ | iiangM khaangF | to bank; to tip or incline an airplane laterally |
sample sentence | ¤ÇÒÁáËÅÁ¤Á¢Í§Ê¶Ò¹¡Òóì·ÓãËéà¡Ô´¡ÒÃàÅ×Í¡¢éÒ§ khwaamM laaemR khohmM khaawngR saL thaanR gaan[n]M thahmM haiF geertL gaanM leuuakF khaangF"The critical nature of the situation caused (the public) to chose sides." |
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4. ¢éÒ§ æ khaangF khaangF [adverb]
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| definition | close by; nearby
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sample sentence | |
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5.  [classifier, colloquial]
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| definition | [numerical classifier for parts of the human body, shoe, side]
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| examples | »Ç´ËÑÇ¢éÒ§à´ÕÂÇ  | bpuaatL huaaR khaangF diaaoM | migraine |
Ãͧà·éÒ¢éҧ˹Öè§ | raawngM thaaoH khaangF neungL | one shoe |
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