| |
|
1.  [adverb]
|
| definition | different; another; various; many
|
| related words | ËÅÒÂ  | laayR | several; numerous; a variety; many; sundry; diverse; [the prefix] "multi-" |
| ËÅÒ¡ | laakL | many; multi; various; assorted |
| µèÒ§ æ | dtaangL dtaangL | various; assorted; miscellaneous |
ÇÔÇÔ¸  | wiH witH | [used in literature and poetry only] assorted; various; different; diverse; miscellaneous; mixed; motley; sundry; varied |
µèÒ§ æ ¹Ò¹Ò | dtaangL dtaangL naaM naaM | all sorts; all kinds, a variety of |
| examples | á¡éµèÒ§ | gaaeF dtaangL | to defend; plead; put up a plea; hold a brief |
¤¹µèÒ§´éÒÇ  | khohnM dtaangL daaoF | alien person; foreigner |
|
µèÒ§¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ | dtaangL jangM watL | provincial, country, rural, in the provinces, up country |
µèÒ§¨Ò¡ | dtaangL jaakL | different from |
µèÒ§ªÒµÔ  | dtaangL chaatF | foreign; expatriate; alien |
µèÒ§´ÒÇ | dtaangL daaoM | of the stars; not of earth |
µèÒ§»ÃÐà·È  | dtaangL bpraL thaehtF | foreign; abroad; foreign country |
¡ÒõèÒ§»ÃÐà·È | gaanM dtaangL bpraL thaehtF | foreign affairs |
µèÒ§¾Ò¡Ñ¹ | dtaangL phaaM ganM | to proceed together |
µèÒ§à¾È  | dtaangL phaehtF | heterosexual intercourse |
ᵡµèÒ§  | dtaaekL dtaangL | to differ; be different |
¤ÇÒÁᵡµèÒ§  | khwaamM dtaaekL dtaangL | difference |
|
à¾×èÍãËéàËç¹áµ¡µèÒ§¨Ò¡¤Óä·Â àªè¹ pheuuaF haiF henR dtaaekL dtaangL jaakL khahmM thaiM chehnFIn order to differentiate the English word from an existing Thai word: |
ÃÑ¡µèÒ§à¾È  | rakH dtaangL phaehtF | heterosexual; straight; not gay |
˹éÒµèÒ§   | naaF dtaangL | window of a house or building |
ÍÒºà˧×è͵èÒ§¹éÓ | aapL ngeuuaL dtaangL naahmH | make a living by hard labor |
ÍÒºà˧×è͵èÒ§¹éÓ | aapL ngeuuaL dtaangL naahmH | very hard and exhausting |
sample sentences | ¡ÃзÓãËéµèÒ§½èÒµèÒ§¾ÂÒÂÒÁàºè§ºÒÃÁÕãÊè¡Ñ¹ áÅÐà»Ô´ÈÖ¡áÂè§ÍÓ¹Ò¨ áÂè§à¡éÒÍÕéµÑÇÊӤѷÑé§ã¹ÃѰºÒÅáÅÐÃѰÊÀÒÍÂèÒ§äÁèÅ´ÃÒÇÒÈÍ¡¡Ñ¹ graL thahmM haiF dtaangL faayL dtaangL phaH yaaM yaamM behngL baaM raH meeM saiL ganM laeH bpeertL seukL yaaengF ahmM naatF yaaengF gaoF eeF dtuaaM sahmR khanM thangH naiM ratH thaL baanM laeH ratH saL phaaM yaangL maiF lohtH raaM waaM saawkL ganM"This causes each faction to flex their own paper against each other and to create struggles to wrest power from each other. They are fighting over important positions both within the government and the legislature, each one unwilling to give even one inch." |
|
¤¹«×é͡Ѻ¤¹¢ÒµèÒ§âµéà¶Õ§ khohnM seuuH gapL khohnM khaayR dtaangL dtohF thiiangRThe seller [literally the person who is selling] and the buyer [lit. the person who is buying] are arguing with each other. |
â´Â੾ÒÐÍÂèÒ§ÂÔ觪ÒǹҪÒÇäÃè ¤ÇÃä´éÃѺ¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹¸ÃÃÁ ËÃ×ÍäÁèàÊÕÂà»ÃÕºã¹â¤Ã§¡ÒõèÒ§ æ dooyM chaL phawH yaangL yingF chaaoM naaM chaaoM raiF khuaanM daiF rapH khwaamM bpenM thamM reuuR maiF siiaR bpriiapL naiM khrohngM gaanM dtaangL dtaangLMost especially, farmers and other agricultural workers should be treated fairly, and they should not be disadvantaged by any (government) programs. |
µèÒ§¡Ñ¹àËÁ×͹ªéÒ§¡ÑºÂا dtaangL ganM meuuanR chaangH gapL yoongM"(To be different like) chalk and cheese." |
µèÒ§¤¹µèÒ§·Ó¡Ñ¹ä»¤¹ÅÐÍÂèÒ§ dtaangL khohnM dtaangL thahmM ganM bpaiM khohnM laH yaangLEach and every person does his or her own thing. |
ã¹Í´ÕµÁÕ»ÃÐླÕãËé¼ÙéãËè¤ÍÂä¡Åèà¡ÅÕè áµè»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹¼ÙéãËè㹺éÒ¹àÁ×ͧàËÅ×͹éÍÂáÅÐà¡Ô´ÍÒ¡ÒõèÒ§¤¹µèÒ§ãËèäÁèÁÕã¤Ã¿Ñ§ã¤Ã naiM aL deetL meeM bpraL phaehM neeM haiF phuuF yaiL khaawyM glaiL gliiaL dtaaeL bpatL jooL banM phuuF yaiL naiM baanF meuuangM leuuaR naawyH laeH geertL aaM gaanM dtaangL khohnM dtaangL yaiL maiF meeM khraiM fangM khraiM"In the past, it was the (Thai) custom to have a respected elder mediate (disputes); however in modern times there are not many respected elders left and the situation often arises in which each person has his own respected elder and no one listens to anyone else." |
ºÍ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹»ÃÔÁÒ³ ¤×ÍÁÔä´éºÍ¡ªÑ´Å§ä»ÇèÒà·èÒ¹Ñé¹à·èÒ¹Õé à»ç¹áµè¡Ó˹´ÇèÒÁÒ¡ËÃ×͹éÍ«Ö觾ͨÐÃÙé¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂä´éâ´Â»ÃÔÁÒ³ àªè¹ ÁÒ¡ ¹éÍ ËÅÒ ·Ñé§ËÅÒ ¨Ø ·Ñ駻ǧ ·Ñé§ËÁ´ ºÃÃ´Ò ¤¹ÅÐ ÊÔè§ÅÐ µèÒ§ ºÒ§ ºéÒ§ ¡Ñ¹ ÏÅÏ àªè¹ baawkL jahmM nuaanM bpaL riH maanM kheuuM miH daiF baawkL chatH lohngM bpaiM waaF thaoF nanH thaoF neeH bpenM dtaaeL gahmM nohtL waaF maakF reuuR naawyH seungF phaawM jaL ruuH khwaamM maayR daiF dooyM bpaL riH maanM chehnF maakF naawyH laayR thangH laayR jooL thangH bpuaangM thangH mohtL banM daaM khohnM laH singL laH dtaangL baangM baangF ganM chehnFTo indicate a quantity, although it is not necessary that the number be precise; the modifier may indicate “many” or “a few” just to show an approximation of the amount. Examples include, “a lot,” “few,” “many,” “all of,” “much,” “the entirety of,” “all of,” “complete,” “each one of,” “one of,” “each and every,” “some,” “partly,” “each other,” etc. Some examples include: |
ºèÍà¡Ô´ÍÕ¡ºèÍà¡Ô´Ë¹Öè§¡ç¤×ÍÊӹѡ¢èÒǵèÒ§ æ ·Õèá»Å¨Ò¡ÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉËÃ×ÍÀÒÉÒµèÒ§»ÃÐà·ÈÁÒà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â ¡çÍÍ¡ÁÒà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒ»ÃÐËÅÒ´ æ àËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹... baawL geertL eekL baawL geertL neungL gawF kheuuM sahmR nakH khaaoL dtaangL dtaangL theeF bplaaeM jaakL phaaM saaR angM gritL reuuR phaaM saaR dtaangL bpraL thaehtF maaM bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM gawF aawkL maaM bpenM phaaM saaR bpraL laatL bpraL laatL meuuanR ganMAnother source comprises various news publishers which translate from English or other languages into Thai. Sometimes [these translations] result in strange and unusual [Thai words and phrases]... |
»Ãоѹ¸ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ áÅлÃоѹ¸ÇÔàÈɳì áÁé¨Ðãªé¤ÓºÒ§¤ÓàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹ àªè¹ ·Õè «Öè§ Íѹ áµèÁÕ¢éÍᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé bpraL phanM thaH sapL phaH naamM laeH bpraL phanM thaH wiH saeht[n]L maaeH jaL chaiH khahmM baangM khahmM meuuanR ganM chehnF theeF seungF anM dtaaeL meeM khaawF dtaaekL dtaangL ganM dangM neeHEven though relative pronouns and relative modifiers use the same words, for example, “that,” “which,” “the one that,” there are differences, as in the following: |
»ÑËһѨ¨ØºÑ¹¤×Í »ÃÐà·Èà¢ÒäÁèÁÕ¡Åä¡ËÃ×Íͧ¤ì¡Ã·ÕèÈÑ¡´ÔìÊÔ·¸Ôì¾Í·Õè¨Ðà»ç¹µÑǵѴÊÔ¹ä´é µèҧ˹èÍÁá¹éÁËÃ×ÍÁÑèǹÔèÁ bpanM haaR bpatL jooL banM kheuuM bpraL thaehtF khaoR maiF meeM gohnM gaiM reuuR ohng[k]M gaawnM theeF sakL sitL phaawM theeF jaL bpenM dtuaaM dtatL sinR daiF dtaangL naawmL naaemH reuuR muaaF nimF"The current problem is that their country does not have the mechanisms or the institutions with sufficient respect and esteem to be able to make decisions; each (of the current institutions) is either (too) naive or (too) opportunistic." |
|
àËÂÕ´¼ÔÇËÁÒ¶֧´Ù¶Ù¡¤¹ªÒµÔÍ×è¹·ÕèÁÕÊÕ¼ÔǵèÒ§¡Ñºàª×éͪҵԵ¹ ÁÑ¡ãªéá¡è¾Ç¡¼ÔÇ¢ÒÇàËÂÕ´¾Ç¡¼ÔÇ´Ó yiiatL phiuR maayR theungR duuM thuukL khohnM chaatF euunL theeF meeM seeR phiuR dtaangL gapL cheuuaH chaatF dtohnM makH chaiH gaaeL phuaakF phiuR khaaoR yiiatL phuaakF phiuR dahmM"'Racial discrimination' means to look down upon persons with a skin color different from one’s own; it is usually used for a white person discriminating against a black person." |
|
|
2. µèÒ§ æ dtaangL dtaangL [adjective, adverb]
|
| definition | various; assorted; miscellaneous
|
| related words | ÇÔÇÔ¸  | wiH witH | [used in literature and poetry only] assorted; various; different; diverse; miscellaneous; mixed; motley; sundry; varied |
µèÒ§ æ ¹Ò¹Ò | dtaangL dtaangL naaM naaM | all sorts; all kinds, a variety of |
µèÒ§  | dtaangL | different; another; various; many |
ËÅÒÂ  | laayR | several; numerous; a variety; many; sundry; diverse; [the prefix] "multi-" |
| ËÅÒ¡ | laakL | many; multi; various; assorted |
| examples | ¡ÒõèÍÊÙéᢹ§µèÒ§ æ | gaanM dtaawL suuF khaL naaengR dtaangL dtaangL | mixed martial arts fighting |
¡ÒÃÇÒ§ËÅѡࡳ±ìä´éá¡¡Ó˹´ËÅѡࡳ±ì¡Ò÷ѺÈѾ·ìÀÒÉÒµèÒ§ æ áµèÅÐÀÒÉÒä» gaanM waangM lakL gaehn[t]M daiF yaaekF gahmM nohtL lakL gaehn[t]M gaanM thapH sap[t]L phaaM saaR dtaangL dtaangL dtaaeL laH phaaM saaR bpaiMSetting forth these conventions distinguishes and determines transcription rules for various languages. |
ࡳ±ì¢éͺѧ¤ÑºÊӤѵèÒ§ æ gaehn[t]M khaawF bangM khapH sahmR khanM dtaangL dtaangLall the necessary requirements |
à¡Áª¹Ô´µèÒ§ æ  | gaehmM chaH nitH dtaangL dtaangL | games |
¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ìà¡ÕèÂǡѺª¹ªÒµÔµèÒ§ æ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹ª×èÍ»ÃÐà·È àªè¹ khahmM khoonM sap[t]L giaaoL gapL chohnM chaatF dtaangL dtaangL haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM naamM theeF bpenM cheuuF bpraL thaehtF chehnFAdjectives which describe specific nationalities should be transcribed following the transcription of the noun which is used for the name of the country, for example: |
µèÒ§ æ ¹Ò¹Ò | dtaangL dtaangL naaM naaM | all sorts; all kinds, a variety of |
ÃÇÁÃÒ¡ÒõèÒ§ æ àËÅèÒ¹Õé ruaamM raayM gaanM dtaangL dtaangL laoL neeH"package includes..." — "(the tour package will) include the following..." |
sample sentences | |
¡ÅØèÁµèÒ§ æ µéͧÊÐÊÁ¡ÓÅѧ㹾ÃäàÍÒäÇéãËéÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ à¾×èÍ¡ØÁ¡ÒêÕé¹Ó Íѹà»ç¹ÊÔ觨Óà»ç¹ÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§ÂÇ´·Ò§¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ gloomL dtaangL dtaangL dtaawngF saL sohmR gahmM langM naiM phakH aoM waiH haiF maakF theeF sootL pheuuaF goomM gaanM cheeH nahmM anM bpenM singL jahmM bpenM yaangL yingF yuaatF thaangM gaanM meuuangM"The various factions need to gather as many of their forces within the political party (as they can) in order to control the leadership (of the party). This is an immensely necessary step in politics." |
|
|
|
|
|
¤Óàµ×͹µèÒ§ æ ´Ù¨ÐäÁèã¤Ãèä´é¼ÅÊÓËÃѺ¹Ñ¡·èͧà·ÕèÂÇ khahmM dteuuanM dtaangL dtaangL duuM jaL maiF khraiF daiF phohnR sahmR rapL nakH thaawngF thiaaoF"Various warnings appear not to have much of an effect on the tourists." |
µ¡ºèÒÂÇѹ§Ò¹ àÃ×Í·Ø¡ÅÓµèÒ§ æÇÔè§ÃÍ¡¨Ò¡à¡ÒÐàµèÒà¡ÒÐÊÁØÂ ÅéǹÁØè§ÊÙèà¡ÒоЧѹ dtohkL baayL wanM ngaanM reuuaM thookH lahmM dtaangL dtaangL wingF raawkF jaakL gawL dtaoL gawL saL muyM luaanH moongF suuL gawL phaH nganM"During the afternoon of the day of the party, all of the available boats run continuously from Tao Island and Samui Island, each headed to Phangan Island." |
·ÕèºéÒ¹àÁ×ͧÁÕ¢éÒÃÒª¡ÒêÑé¹¼ÙéãËèÁÒ¡ÁÒ «Öè§àµÔºâµ¢Öé¹ÁÒÃѺ˹éÒ·ÕèµèÒ§ æ µÒÁ¤ÇÒÁÃѺ¼Ô´ªÍºã¹ÊÒ§ҹ theeF baanF meuuangM meeM khaaF raatF chaH gaanM chanH phuuF yaiL maakF maayM seungF dteerpL dtohM kheunF maaM rapH naaF theeF dtaangL dtaangL dtaamM khwaamM rapH phitL chaawpF naiM saayR ngaanM"Our country has many senior civil servants who developed their careers in various positions and at various levels of responsibility and within their areas of competence." |
¹Ñ¡¸ØÃ¡Ô¨¾èͤéÒÂѧµéͧ¾Ô¹Íº¾Ôà·Ò Êè§ÊèÇÂáÅкÃóҡÒà à§Ô¹ãµéâµêÐ à¡Ô´¤ÍÃÑ»ªÑè¹µèÒ§ æ ÁÒ¡ÁÒ nakH thooH raH gitL phaawF khaaH yangM dtaawngF phiH naawpF phiH thaoM sohngL suayL laeH banM naaM gaanM ngernM dtaiF dtoH geertL khaawM rapH chanF dtaangL dtaangL maakF maayM"Businessmen and merchants still have to pay their respects by making regular payments, giving gifts, paying money under the table, all of which creates many and varied (forms of) corruption." |
¼Ù餹µÒÁá¹ÇµÐà¢çºªÒÂá´¹ ä·Â-ÁÒàÅÂì äÁèÇèÒ¨Ðà»ç¹ªÒÇä·ÂÁØÊÅÔÁËÃ×ͪÒÇä·Â¾Ø·¸ ¨Ò¡µÓºÅáÅйԤÁµèÒ§ æ ÁÒàÅè¹¹éÓµ¡ÎÒÅÒºÒÅÒ phuuF khohnM dtaamM naaeoM dtaL khepL chaayM daaenM thaiM maaM laeh[y]M maiF waaF jaL bpenM chaaoM thaiM mootH limM reuuR chaaoM thaiM phootH jaakL dtahmM bohnM laeH niH khohmM dtaangL dtaangL maaM lehnF nahmH dtohkL haaM laaM baaM laaM"People living along the Thai-Malay border, be they Thai-Muslims or Thai-Buddhists, from various sub-districts and settlements, all have fun at the Halabala waterfalls." |
|
ÅѡɳÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×ͤÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡ÅѡɳеèÒ§ æ àªè¹ ºÍ¡ª¹Ô´, ÊÕ, Êѳ°Ò¹, ¢¹Ò´, àÊÕ§, ÍÒ¡ÒÃ, ¡ÅÔè¹, ÃÊ, ¤ÇÒÁÃÙéÊÖ¡ à»ç¹µé¹ àªè¹ ´Õ, ªÑèÇ, ¢ÒÇ, ´Ó, ¡ÅÁ, ẹ, ãËè, àÅç¡, â¤ÃÁ, à»ÃÕé§, àÃçÇ, ªéÒ, ËÍÁ, àËÁç¹, à»ÃÕéÂÇ, ËÇÒ¹, Ãé͹, àÂç¹ ÏÅÏ lakH saL naL wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL lakH saL naL d |