| |
|
1a.  [verb]
|
| definition |
to come; <subject> comes
|
| categories |  ¡ÃÔÂÒ»¡µÔ | Common Verbs |
| antonym | ä»  | bpaiM | to go; <subject> goes |
| examples | ¡Ò÷ѺÈѾ·ìãËé¶Í´ÍÑ¡ÉÃã¹ÀÒÉÒà´ÔÁ¾Í¤ÇÃá¡è¡ÒÃáÊ´§·ÕèÁҢͧÃÙ»ÈѾ·ì áÅÐãËéà¢Õ¹ã¹ÃÙ»·ÕèÍèÒ¹ä´éÊдǡã¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â | gaanM thapH sap[t]L haiF thaawtL akL saawnR naiM phaaM saaR deermM phaawM khuaanM gaaeL gaanM saL daaengM theeF maaM khaawngR ruupF sap[t]L laeH haiF khiianR naiM ruupF theeF aanL daiF saL duaakL naiM phaaM saaR thaiM | The original English word should be transcribed in a such a manner as to indicate the original form of the word as well as to allow the word to be written in a manner so that it might be easily read in Thai script. |
| ¡ÓÅѧã¡Åéà¢éÒÁÒ | gahmM langM glaiF khaoF maaM | close at hand (in a temporal sense); [is] coming soon |
| ¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·Õè»ÃСͺ¤Ó¹ÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â ËÃ×Íà»ç¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì áµèä´éãªéã¹ÀÒÉÒä·ÂÁÒ¨¹¶×Íà»ç¹¤Óä·ÂáÅéÇ ãËéÇÒ§¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ìäÇéËÅѧ¤Ó¹ÒÁ àªè¹ | khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF bpraL gaawpL khahmM naamM theeF bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM reuuR bpenM khahmM thapH sap[t]L dtaaeL daiF chaiH naiM phaaM saaR thaiM maaM johnM theuuR bpenM khahmM thaiM laaeoH haiF waangM khahmM khoonM sap[t]L waiH langR khahmM naamM chehnF | If an adjective is combined with a native Thai noun or a transcribed word which has a long history of usage and this is treated as a native Thai word, the adjective should be placed behind the noun (as in standard Thai grammar conventions). |
| ¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡¤Ó¹ÒÁ «Öè§ÁÕ»ÑËÒÇèҨзѺÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁËÃ×ͤӤسÈѾ·ì¹Ñé¹ ãËé¶×ÍËÅѡࡳ±ì´Ñ§¹Õé | khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF maaM jaakL khahmM naamM seungF meeM bpanM haaR waaF jaL thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM naamM reuuR khahmM khoonM sap[t]L nanH haiF theuuR lakL gaehn[t]M dangM neeH | For adjectives derived from nouns which present difficulty as to whether they should be transcribed as nouns or adjectives, one should use the following rules: |
| ¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡ª×èͺؤ¤Å ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÒÁª×èͧ͢ºØ¤¤Å¹Ñé¹ æ â´Âãªé¤Ó»ÃСͺ ¢Í§ Ẻ Ãкº ÏÅÏ áÅéÇáµè¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ àªè¹ | khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF maaM jaakL cheuuF bookL khohnM haiF thapH sap[t]L dtaamM cheuuF khaawngR bookL khohnM nanH nanH dooyM chaiH khahmM bpraL gaawpL khaawngR baaepL raH bohpL laaeoH dtaaeL khwaamM maayR chehnF | Adjectives which are derived from person’s names should be transcribed following the transcription of the person’s name (not the adjectival form) through the use of the a connecting words ¢Í§ Ẻ Ãкº etc. depending on the particular meaning, for example: |
| ¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¹Ò¹¨¹¶×Íà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â áÅлÃÒ¡¯ã¹¾¨¹Ò¹Ø¡ÃÁ©ºÑºÃÒªºÑ³±ÔµÂʶҹáÅéÇ ãËéãªé µèÍ仵ÒÁà´ÔÁ àªè¹ ªçÍ¡â¡àŵ ªçÍ¡â¡áŵ àªÔéµ ¡êÒ« á¡êÊ | khahmM thapH sap[t]L theeF chaiH ganM maaM naanM johnM theuuR bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM laeH bpraaM gohtL naiM phohtH jaL naaM nooH grohmM chaL bapL raatF chaH banM thitH dtaL yaH saL thaanR laaeoH haiF chaiH dtaawL bpaiM dtaamM deermM chehnF chawkH gohM laehtF chawkH gohM laaetF cheertH gaasH gaaetH | Some transcribed words have been used (by Thais) for so long that they are considered Thai words and are already included in the Royal Institute Dictionary of the Thai Language. These transcribed forms should continue to be utilized. Such words include the Thai words for “chocolate,” “shirt,” and “gas.” |
| ¤ÓÇÔÊÒÁҹ¹ÒÁ·Õèãªé¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¹Ò¹áÅéÇ ÍÒ¨ãªéµèÍ仵ÒÁà´ÔÁ | khahmM wiH saaR maanM yaH naamM theeF chaiH ganM maaM naanM laaeoH aatL chaiH dtaawL bpaiM dtaamM deermM | Proper nouns whose transcriptions have a long historical usage shall continue to be utilized |
| ¤ÓËÃ×;ÂÒ§¤ì·ÕèµÑÇÊС´ÁÕ¾ÂѪ¹ÐµÒÁÁÒËÅÒµÑÇ ãËéãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ·ѳ±¦Òµ äÇ麹¾ÂѪ¹Ð·ÕèäÁèÍÍ¡àÊÕ§µÑÇÊØ´·éÒÂáµèà¾Õ§áËè§à´ÕÂÇ àªè¹ | khahmM reuuR phaH yaang[k]M theeF dtuaaM saL gohtL meeM phaH yanM chaH naH dtaamM maaM laayR dtuaaM haiF saiL khreuuangF maayR thanM thaH khaatF waiH bohnM phaH yanM chaH naH theeF maiF aawkL siiangR dtuaaM sootL thaayH dtaaeL phiiangM haengL diaaoM chehnF | In a word or syllable which has several final consonants, one should use a silencer only on the very last consonant which is not sounded out, for example: |
| ¤ÓËÃ×;ÂÒ§¤ì·ÕèÁÕ¾ÂѪ¹ÐäÁèÍÍ¡àÊÕ§ÍÂÙè˹éÒµÑÇÊС´ ·ÕèÂѧÁÕ¾ÂѪ¹ÐµÒÁËÅѧÁÒÍÕ¡ ãËéµÑ´¾ÂѪ¹Ð·ÕèÍÂÙè˹éÒµÑÇÊС´ÍÍ¡ áÅÐãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ·ѳ±¦ÒµäÇ麹¾ÂѪ¹ÐµÑÇÊØ´·éÒ àªè¹ | khahmM reuuR phaH yaang[k]M theeF meeM phaH yanM chaH naH maiF aawkL siiangR yuuL naaF dtuaaM saL gohtL theeF yangM meeM phaH yanM chaH naH dtaamM langR maaM eekL haiF dtatL phaH yanM chaH naH theeF yuuL naaF dtuaaM saL gohtL aawkL laeH saiL khreuuangF maayR thanM thaH khaatF waiH bohnM phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM sootL thaayH chehnF | In a word or syllable which has consonants which are not pronounced, which are placed before the final consonant, and where there are consonants following, such non-pronounced consonants should be cut out and a silencer inserted over the final, non-pronounced consonant. For example: |
| ¨ÔéÁ仨ÔéÁÁÒ | jimF bpaiM jimF maaM | to poke around at |
| µÃ§ä»µÃ§ÁÒ | dtrohngM bpaiM dtrohngM maaM | frankly; straightforwardly; openly |
| ¶éÒ¤¹ã´¶Ù¡Áѹ¡Ñ´áÅÐËÒËÁÍÁÒªèÇÂäÁè·Ñ¹ | thaaF khohnM daiM thuukL manM gatL laeH haaR maawR maaM chuayF maiF thanM | If a person is bitten and doesn't see a doctor expeditiously, |
| ¶éÒµéͧ¡ÒÃà¹é¹ÇèÒ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹à»ç¹ÊÔ觷ÕèÁÕËÅÒª¹Ô´áÅФӤسÈѾ·ì·Õè»ÃСͺà»ç¹ª¹Ô´Ë¹Ö觢ͧ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ÍÒ¨·ÑºÈѾ·ìâ´Âãªé¤Ó»ÃСͺ Ẻ ª¹Ô´ Ãкº ÏÅÏ ÁÒá·Ã¡äÇéÃÐËÇèÒ§¤Ó¹ÒÁ¡Ñº¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì àªè¹ | thaaF dtaawngF gaanM nehnH waaF khahmM naamM nanH bpenM singL theeF meeM laayR chaH nitH laeH khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF bpraL gaawpL bpenM chaH nitH neungL khaawngR khahmM naamM nanH aatL thapH sap[t]L dooyM chaiH khahmM bpraL gaawpL baaepL chaH nitH raH bohpL maaM saaekF waiH raH waangL khahmM naamM gapL khahmM khoonM sap[t]L chehnF | If one wishes to emphasize the fact that a particular noun is one of many elements in a series and the adjective associated with that noun is one of those elements, one may transcribe using a Thai combining word such as Ẻ (model) ª¹Ô´ (kind or type) Ãкº (method or system), such as: |
| ·Óä´é´Ñ§¹Õé¡çàª×èÍÇèÒ ·ËÒÃäÁè¡ÅéÒÅҡö¶Ñ§ÍÍ¡ÁÒ»¯ÔÇÑµÔ | thahmM daiF dangM neeH gawF cheuuaF waaF thaH haanR maiF glaaF laakF rohtH thangR aawkL maaM bpaL dtiL watH | If we can accomplish these things, I believe that the military would not dare to bring in their tanks (and cause another) coup d'etat. |
| ·Õè¾èÍáÁèÅÓºÒ¡àÅÕé§ÅÙ¡¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¡çà¾×èÍÊè§àÊÃÔÁÅÙ¡ãËéºÃÃÅض֧¤ÇÒÁËÇѧ¡ÃйÑé¹ | theeF phaawF maaeF lahmM baakL liiangH luukF ganM maaM gawF pheuuaF sohngL seermR luukF haiF banM looH theungR khwaamM wangR graL nanH | Parents struggle to bring up their children in order to support their children to reach their goals and desires. |
| ¼Å·ÕèµÒÁÁÒ | phohnR theeF dtaamM maaM | consequence; aftermath; aftereffect |
| ¼ÙéÁÒàÂ×͹ | phuuF maaM yeuuanM | visitor |
| ¾èÍáÁè·Ø¡¤¹¹Í¡¨Ò¡»ÃÒö¹Ò¨ÐãËéÅÙ¡ÁÒ´ÙáÅàÍÒã¨ãÊèáÅéÇ | phaawF maaeF thookH khohnM naawkF jaakL bpraatL thaL naaM jaL haiF luukF maaM duuM laaeM aoM jaiM saiL laaeoH | Every parent, in addition to wishing that their child will come look after and take care of them, |
| ÁÒ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï | maaM groongM thaehpF | to come to Bangkok |
| ÁÒ¨Ò¡ | maaM jaakL | to come from |
| à¾Ôè§ÁÒ¨Ò¡ | pheerngF maaM jaakL | just recently came from |
| ÁÒ¨Ò¡»ÅÒ¡Ãк͡»×¹ | maaM jaakL bplaayM graL baawkL bpeuunM | [is] under duress; to act under force |
| ÁÒªéÒ | maaM chaaH | late; not punctual |
| ÁÒ¾ÃéÍÁ¡Ñº | maaM phraawmH gapL | to attend |
| ÁÒÊÒÂ | maaM saayR | to come late; to be late |
| ÁÒÊÒÂ | maaM saayR | late; not punctual |
| ÁÒËÅÒÂÇѹáÅéÇ | maaM laayR wanM laaeoH | a few days ago |
| àÁ×èÍÁÕÊѨ¨ÐÃÑ¡à´ÕÂÇã¨à´ÕÂǵè͡ѹáÅéÇÍÂèÒ§Í×è¹àªè¹¤ÇÒÁàËç¹Í¡àËç¹ã¨¡Ñ¹ ¡ÒÃãËéÍÀÑ¡ѹ áÅФÇÒÁà¢éÒ㨡ѹ´Õ¡ç¨ÐµÒÁ¡Ñ¹ÁÒ | meuuaF meeM satL jaL rakH diaaoM jaiM diaaoM dtaawL ganM laaeoH yaangL euunL chehnF khwaamM henR ohkL henR jaiM ganM gaanM haiF aL phaiM ganM laeH khwaamM khaoF jaiM ganM deeM gawF jaL dtaamM ganM maaM | "When you are honest and faithful to each other all other things will follow, such as empathy, forgiveness, and understanding." |
| äÁèà¤Â¾ºàËç¹ÁÒ¡è͹㹪ÕÇÔµ | maiF kheeuyM phohpH henR maaM gaawnL naiM cheeM witH | have never encountered before in life; have a unique experience |
| äÁè·ÃÒºÇèҤس¨ÐÁÒàÁ×ͧä·ÂàÁ×èÍäËÃè ©Ñ¹¡ç¨ÐµÍº¤Ø³¡ÅѺÁÒ | maiF saapF waaF khoonM jaL maaM meuuangM thaiM meuuaF raiL chanR gawF jaL dtaawpL khoonM glapL maaM | I don't know when you're coming to Thailand. I'll reply back to you. |
| ¡àÇé¹ã¹¡Ã³Õ·Õè¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡ª×èͺؤ¤Å à»ç¹ª×èÍ੾ÒзÕèà»ç¹·ÕèÃÙé¨Ñ¡¡Ñ¹·ÑèÇä»ã¹áµèÅÐǧ¡Òà «Öè§ÍÒ¨Êѧࡵä´é¨Ò¡¡Ò÷Õèã¹ ÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉäÁèä´éãªéÍÑ¡ÉõÑÇãËè¢Öé¹µé¹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì àªè¹ | yohkH wehnH naiM gaL raH neeM theeF khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF maaM jaakL cheuuF bookL khohnM bpenM cheuuF chaL phawH theeF bpenM theeF ruuH jakL ganM thuaaF bpaiM naiM dtaaeL laH wohngM gaanM seungF aatL sangR gaehtL daiF jaakL gaanM theeF naiM phaaM saaR angM gritL maiF daiF chaiH akL saawnR dtuaaM yaiL kheunF dtohnF haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM khoonM sap[t]L chehnF | An exception exists where an adjective which was derived from the name of a specific person is a proper name but is commonly and generally known in circles in which it is used. One may discern these words by the fact that such words are not capitalized in English. These words should take the form of an ordinary adjective. |
ÃÑ¡àÃÒÁÕ»Õ¡
ºÔ¹ËÅÕ¡¢éÒÁ¿éÒ
ä»ÁÒËҡѹ | rakH raoM meeM bpeekL binM leekL khaamF faaH bpaiM maaM haaR ganM | "Our love has wings
It can fly across the sky
So that we can meet one another" |
| ÅèǧÁÒáÅéÇ | luaangF maaM laaeoH | ago |
| ÅͺàÍÒÁÒ | laawpF aoM maaM | to smuggle in |
| ÊÔ觷Õèà»ç¹Í¹ØʵÔàµ×͹㨷ء½èÒÂãËéµéͧ¤Ó¹Ö§ä»¶Ö§à¾×èͨÐä´éäÁè¡éÒÇà´Ô¹º¹¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´¾ÅÒ´àËÁ×͹¡Ñº·Õèà¤Âà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÁÒáÅéÇ | singL theeF bpenM aL nooH saL dtiL dteuuanM jaiM thookH faayL haiF dtaawngF khahmM neungM bpaiM theungR pheuuaF jaL daiF maiF gaaoF deernM bohnM khwaamM phitL phlaatF meuuanR gapL theeF kheeuyM geertL kheunF maaM laaeoH | Every faction should be mindful of and constantly remind themselves of (certain principles) in order to avoid treading down the wrong path as they have in the past. |
| ËѹÁÒ | hanR maaM | to turn towards |
| àÍÒ¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´ÁÒà¾ÐãËé | aoM khwaamM phitL maaM phehH haiF | to pass the buck; to defer |
| àÍÒÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕ´ÁÒàÅèÒÊÙè¡Ñ¹¿Ñ§ | aoM raayM laH iiatL maaM laoF suuL ganM fangM | to relate the details to us |
sample
sentences | ¡ÃÐáÊ¢èÒÇ·ÕèÍÍ¡ÁÒ·ÓãËé¾Ãä·Ñé§Êͧ¾Ãäµéͧ¿Ñ§¡è͹µÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨à¢éÒÃèÇÁÃÑ°ºÒÅ | graL saaeR khaaoL theeF aawkL maaM thahmM haiF phakH thangH saawngR phakH dtaawngF fangM gaawnL dtatL sinR jaiM khaoF ruaamF ratH thaL baanM | "The information that emerged caused both parties to listen before making a decision regarding joining in the government." |
| ¡êÍ¡ã¹Ëéͧ¹éÓàÊÕ µéͧµÒÁªèÒ§ÁÒ«èÍÁ | gaawkH naiM haawngF naahmH siiaR dtaawngF dtaamM changF maaM sawmF | "The faucet in the bathroom is broken; we need to find a plumber to fix it." |
| ¡ÒáÃзӢͧ¤Ø³ÂÒ¹Ñ鹡èÍãËéà¡Ô´ÊÓ¹Ö¡¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹à¹×éÍà´ÕÂǡѹ¡Ñº¤¹Í×è¹ á¶Áà»ç¹¤¹Í×蹫Ö觤سÂÒÂäÁèä´éÃÙé¨Ñ¡ÁÑ¡¤Øé¹ÁÒ¡è͹´éÇ | gaanM graL thahmM khaawngR khoonM yaayM nanH gaawL haiF geertL sahmR neukH khwaamM bpenM neuuaH diaaoM ganM gapL khohnM euunL thaaemR bpenM khohnM euunL seungF khoonM yaayM maiF daiF ruuH jakL makH khoonH maaM gaawnL duayF | "The work of these two women created a feeling of solidarity with others; in addition, these were people with whom the two women had not been previously acquainted." |
| ¡Òë×éÍöẺ¼è͹µéͧÁÕ¤¹ÁÒ¤éÓ»ÃСѹÊÑÒÍÂèÒ§¹éÍÂ˹Ö觤¹ | gaanM seuuH rohtH baaepL phaawnL dtaawngF meeM khohnM maaM khahmH bpraL ganM sanR yaaM yaangL naawyH neungL khohnM | "In buying an automobile on credit, (the purchaser) must have at least one person ensuring the contract." |
| ¡Ò÷Õè»ÃЪҪ¹ÃÙéÊÖ¡ÇèÒÍÂÙè´ÕÁÕÊØ¢¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàÍ×éÍà¿×éͧ͢ÃÑ°ºÒÅ ÁÒ¨Ò¡à§Ô¹·Õèà¡çºÁÒ¨Ò¡ÀÒÉÕÍҡâͧ»ÃЪҪ¹¹Ñè¹àͧ | gaanM theeF bpraL chaaM chohnM ruuH seukL waaF yuuL deeM meeM sookL jaakL gaanM euuaF feuuaH khaawngR ratH thaL baanM maaM jaakL ngernM theeF gepL maaM jaakL phaaM seeR aaM gaawnM khaawngR bpraL chaaM chohnM nanF aehngM | "The fact that people feel content that their lives are happy due to the generosity of the government is due to the collection of taxes from the people themselves." |
| ¡Ò÷ÕèàÃÒ»¯ÔÇѵÔËÃ×Í»¯ÔÃÙ»»ÃЪҪ¹¡ÅѺÁÒá«è«éͧÊÃÃàÊÃÔ áÊ´§¤ÇÒÁÂÔ¹´Õ¡Ñº¡Ò÷ÕèàÃÒä´é¡ÃÐ·Ó | gaanM theeF raoM bpaL dtiL watH reuuR bpaL dtiL ruupF bpraL chaaM chohnM glapL maaM saaeF saawngH sanR seernR saL daaengM khwaamM yinM deeM gapL gaanM theeF raoM daiF graL thahmM | "Whenever we stage a revolution or reform (our system) the people sing our praises and laud our efforts to show how pleased they are at what we did." |
| ¡ÒùÓàÍÒÅÒ´¹µÃÕ¾×鹺éÒ¹ ÁÒãÊèà¹×éÍãËÁèÁÒ¢ÒÂãËÁè ¤ÇÃÅÐÍÒÂ㨴éÇ à¾ÃÒÐà»ç¹¡ÒââÁ¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´¢Í§¼ÙéÍ×è¹ | gaanM nahmM aoM laayM dohnM dtreeM pheuunH baanF maaM saiL neuuaH maiL maaM khaayR maiL khuaanM laH aayM jaiM duayF phrawH bpenM gaanM khaL mooyM khwaamM khitH khaawngR phuuF euunL | "People should be ashamed of taking lines of traditional music, adding new material, and selling it as new music because it is stealing the ideas of other people." |
| ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÁÇŪ¹áÅÐÃкºÊ×èÍÊÒäÁ¹Ò¤ÁÊÁÑÂãËÁè¡ÓÅѧ·ÓãËéÀÒÉÒµèÒ§ æ ¹Ò¹Òã¹âÅ¡ÃèǧËÅè¹Å§ÁÒàËÁ×͹ãºäÁé¡ÅҧĴÙáÅé§ | gaanM seukL saaR muaanM chohnM laeH raH bohpL seuuL saanR khaH maH naaM khohmM saL maiR maiL gahmM langM thahmM haiF phaaM saaR dtaangL dtaangL naaM naaM naiM lohkF ruaangF lohnL lohngM maaM meuuanR baiM maaiH glaangM reuH duuM laaengH | "Public education and modern communication systems are causing many different languages to fall like leaves in the dry season." |
| ¢ÍãËéÁÒ´éÇ | khaawR haiF maaM duayF | "Could you please come with me?" |
| ¢èÒÇ·Õ赡à»ç¹¢èÒÇÃÒÂÇѹ à»ç¹ä»ã¹ÅѡɳТͧ¡ÒäҴ¡ÒóìËÃ×Í¡ÒÃà´Ò㨷ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡ |
