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1.  [pronoun, conjunction]
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| definition | [the relative pronouns] that; which
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| related words | ·Õè  | theeF | [the relative pronouns] that; which; which is... |
Íѹ  | anM | [the formal relative pronouns] that; which |
«Öè§  | seungF | [the relative pronouns] who; whose; whom; of which |
| examples | |
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«Ö觡ѹáÅСѹ  | seungF ganM laeH ganM | each other |
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«Öè§µéͧ¾ÔÊÙ¨¹ì | seungF dtaawngF phiH suut[n]L | Q.E.D.; quod erat demonstrandum; that which was to be proven |
«Öè§·ÓãË風è¹à¤×ͧ | seungF thahmM haiF khoonL kheuuangM | offensive |
«Öè§·ÓãËéäÁè¾Íã¨ | seungF thahmM haiF maiF phaawM jaiM | offensive |
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«Öè§ÃÙéÊÖ¡¾ÔÈǧ | seungF ruuH seukL phiH suaangR | wondering |
«Öè§ËÁعàÇÕ¹ÍÂÙè | seungF moonR wiianM yuuL | [Thai definition of something] which is revolving |
«Öè§Í¹ØÃÑ¡ÉìäÇé  | seungF aL nooH rak[s]H waiH | conservative |
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¹Ñè¹à¾ÃÒÐàÁ×èÍ¡Åä¡ÃÒ¤ÒÊÔ¹¤éÒ ¶Ù¡¡´àÍÒäÇé㹪èǧµé¹»Õ ¡ç¾ÃéÍÁ¨ÐÃÐàºÔ´»ÃѺà¾ÔèÁ㹤ÃÖè§»ÕËÅѧµÒÁÃÒ¤Ò¹éÓÁѹ Çѵ¶Ø´Ôº«Öè§ÁÕáµè¨Ðà¾ÔèÁÍÂèÒ§äÁèÁÕ·Õ·èÒÇèÒ¨ÐËÂØ´¹Ôè§ nanF phrawH meuuaF gohnM gaiM raaM khaaM sinR khaaH thuukL gohtL aoM waiH naiM chuaangF dtohnF bpeeM gawF phraawmH jaL raH beertL bprapL pheermF naiM khreungF bpeeM langR dtaamM raaM khaaM nahmH manM watH thooL dipL seungF meeM dtaaeL jaL pheermF yaangL maiF meeM theeM thaaF waaF jaL yootL ningFThat is because when pricing mechanisms are imposed at the beginning of the year, (prices will) then be set to explode upward in the second half of the year. (These prices) will follow the cost of oil and (other) raw materials which only tend to increase and give no indication of remaining where they are. |
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àÃ×èͧáµè§ÃéÍÂá¡éÇ«Öè§ÂÒÇáÅЫѺ«é͹¡ÇèÒàÃ×èͧÊÑé¹ reuuangF dtaengL raawyH gaaeoF seungF yaaoM laeH sapH saawnH gwaaL reuuangF sanFnovella (a tale or short story of the type contained in Giovanni Boccaccio's Decameron; a fictional prose narrative that is longer and more complex than a short story; a short novel or a long short story) |
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sample sentences | |
à¢Ò«ØèÁÃÍàÇÅÒ·ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÁã¹Í¹Ò¤µ «Öè§»ÃÐàÁÔ¹áÅéǡ礧äÁè¹Ò¹ khaoR soomF raawM waehM laaM theeF mawL sohmR naiM aL naaM khohtH seungF bpraL meernM laaeoH gawF khohngM maiF naanM"They secretly await the right time in the future which they estimate to be not far off." |
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«Öè§ËÁÒ¶֧¤ÇÒÁ¨Ãԧ㨫×èÍÊѵÂìµè͡ѹ äÁè¹Í¡ã¨¡Ñ¹ seungF maayR theungR khwaamM jingM jaiM seuuF sat[y]L dtaawL ganM maiF naawkF jaiM ganMThis means that each must be truthful and honest with the other and not be unfaithful, |
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â´ÂÁÕàµÒà¼Ò«Öè§ãªé¶èÒ¹ dooyM meeM dtaoM phaoR seungF chaiH thaanL(The blacksmith) used a kiln (or forge) fired by charcoal. |
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¹ÒÂ¡Ï ¤¹ãËÁè¨Ö§¨Ðµéͧà»ç¹¤¹·Õèá¢ç§ «Ö觤³Ð»¯ÔÃÙ» æ à¡Ã§ã¨ à¾ÃÒÐà»ç¹ÃØè¹¾Õè áÅÐà»ç¹Í´Õµ¼ÙéºÑ§¤ÑººÑªÒ naaM yohkH khohnM maiL jeungM jaL dtaawngF bpenM khohnM theeF khaengR seungF khaH naH bpaL dtiL ruupF khaH naH bpaL dtiL ruupF graehngM jaiM phrawH bpenM roonF pheeF laeH bpenM aL deetL phuuF bangM khapH banM chaaM"The new prime minister must be a strong person whom the Council for Administrative Reform holds in high regard due to the fact that (the prime minister) is a senior (in military rank) and because his is a former (military) commander." |
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ºÍ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹»ÃÔÁÒ³ ¤×ÍÁÔä´éºÍ¡ªÑ´Å§ä»ÇèÒà·èÒ¹Ñé¹à·èÒ¹Õé à»ç¹áµè¡Ó˹´ÇèÒÁÒ¡ËÃ×͹éÍ«Ö觾ͨÐÃÙé¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂä´éâ´Â»ÃÔÁÒ³ àªè¹ ÁÒ¡ ¹éÍ ËÅÒ ·Ñé§ËÅÒ ¨Ø ·Ñ駻ǧ ·Ñé§ËÁ´ ºÃÃ´Ò ¤¹ÅÐ ÊÔè§ÅÐ µèÒ§ ºÒ§ ºéÒ§ ¡Ñ¹ ÏÅÏ àªè¹ baawkL jahmM nuaanM bpaL riH maanM kheuuM miH daiF baawkL chatH lohngM bpaiM waaF thaoF nanH thaoF neeH bpenM dtaaeL gahmM nohtL waaF maakF reuuR naawyH seungF phaawM jaL ruuH khwaamM maayR daiF dooyM bpaL riH maanM chehnF maakF naawyH laayR thangH laayR jooL thangH bpuaangM thangH mohtL banM daaM khohnM laH singL laH dtaangL baangM baangF ganM chehnFTo indicate a quantity, although it is not necessary that the number be precise; the modifier may indicate “many” or “a few” just to show an approximation of the amount. Examples include, “a lot,” “few,” “many,” “all of,” “much,” “the entirety of,” “all of,” “complete,” “each one of,” “one of,” “each and every,” “some,” “partly,” “each other,” etc. Some examples include: |
»Ãоѹ¸ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ áÅлÃоѹ¸ÇÔàÈɳì áÁé¨Ðãªé¤ÓºÒ§¤ÓàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹ àªè¹ ·Õè «Öè§ Íѹ áµèÁÕ¢éÍᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé bpraL phanM thaH sapL phaH naamM laeH bpraL phanM thaH wiH saeht[n]L maaeH jaL chaiH khahmM baangM khahmM meuuanR ganM chehnF theeF seungF anM dtaaeL meeM khaawF dtaaekL dtaangL ganM dangM neeHEven though relative pronouns and relative modifiers use the same words, for example, “that,” “which,” “the one that,” there are differences, as in the following: |
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à»ç¹º·àª×èÍÁÃÐËÇèÒ§Áآ»ÃÐ⤠¡Ñº¤Ø³Ò¹Ø»ÃÐ⤫Öè§ÃÇÁàÃÕ¡ÇèÒÊѧ¡Ã»ÃÐ⤠bpenM bohtL cheuuamF raH waangL mookH khaL yaH bpraL yohkL gapL khooH naaM nooH bpraL yohkF seungF ruaamM riiakF waaF sangR gaawnM bpraL yohkL"[They] constitute connecting words between an independent clause (main clause) and a dependent clause (adjectival clause) which, when combined, produce a “complex sentence.”." |
à»ç¹º·àª×èÍÁÃÐËÇèÒ§Áآ»ÃÐ⤡ѺÇÔàÈɳҹػÃÐ⤠«Öè§ÃÇÁàÃÕ¡ Êѧ¡Ã»ÃÐ⤠bpenM bohtL cheuuamF raH waangL mookH khaL yaH bpraL yohkL gapL wiH saehtL naaM nooH bpraL yohkL seungF ruaamM riiakF sangR gaawnM bpraL yohkL[They] constitute connecting words between an independent clause (main clause) and a dependent clause (adverbial clause) which, when combined, produce a complex sentence. |
à¾×èÍà¾ÔèÁÁÙŤèÒÊÔ¹¤éÒà¡ÉµÃâ´Â੾ÒТéÒÇ«Öè§à»ç¹ÊÔ¹¤éÒËÅѡ㹡ÒÃÊè§ÍÍ¡ pheuuaF pheermF muunM khaaF sinR khaaH gaL saeht[r]L dooyM chaL phawH khaaoF seungF bpenM sinR khaaH lakL naiM gaanM sohngL aawkL(This would be done) in order to increase the value of agricultural production—especially rice, which is (Thailand’s) primary export product. |
Á¹ØÉÂìÁÕÀÒÉÒ«Öè§·ÓãËéÊÒÁÒö¾Ñ²¹Ò¨Ó¹Ç¹·Õèà»ç¹ÃÙ»¸ÃÃÁä»ÊÙè¡ÒäԴ¶Ö§ ¨Ó¹Ç¹ ã¹àªÔ§¹ÒÁ¸ÃÃÁä´é maH noot[y]H meeM phaaM saaR seungF thahmM haiF saaR maatF phatH naaM jahmM nuaanM theeF bpenM ruupF bpaL thamM bpaiM suuL gaanM khitH theungR jahmM nuaanM naiM cheerngM naamM maH thamM daiF"Humans possess language which enables them to utilize concrete numbers to allow them to think about numbers in the abstract sense." |
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ÁѧÊÇÔÃѵÔà»ç¹ÍÒËÒ÷ÕèÁÕ»ÃÐ⪹ìµèÍÃèÒ§¡Ò ÁռѡáÅмÅäÁé«Öè§·ÓãËéä´éÃѺ¡Ò¡ãÂÍÒËÒÃÁÒ¡¾Í mangM saL wiH ratH bpenM aaM haanR theeF meeM bpraL yoht[n]L dtaawL raangF gaayM meeM phakL laeH phohnR laH maaiH seungF thahmM haiF daiF rapH gaakL yaiM aaM haanR maakF phaawM"Vegetarian food is food that is beneficial for our bodies. It contains vegetables and fruits which allow us to receive sufficient amounts of dietary fiber." |
ÁÕ¢éͤÇÒÁà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡Ñ¹ àªè¹ ·Õè «Öè§ Íѹ ÍÂèÒ§·Õè ª¹Ô´·Õè ãËé ÇèÒ ·ÕèÇèÒ ¤×Í à¾×èÍ ãËé à¾×èÍÇèÒ ÏÅÏ µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ meeM khaawF khwaamM giaaoL khaawngF ganM chehnF theeF seungF anM yaangL theeF chaH nitH theeF haiF waaF theeF waaF kheuuM pheuuaF haiF pheuuaF waaF dtuaaM yaangLExamples include, “that, which, or whom,” “which,” “which, that, or whom,” “in an instance where,” “in order that,” “that,” “as indicated,” “that is,” and “so that,” “in order to,” “in case of,” and others. Sample sentences: |
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