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«Öè§  seungF
contents of this page
1.[the relative pronouns] that; which
2.[the relative pronouns] who; whose; whom; of which

pronunciation guide
Phonemic Thai«Öè§
IPAsɯ̂ŋ
Royal Thai General Systemsueng

1. common Thai word   [pronoun, conjunction]
definition
[the relative pronouns] that; which

related words·Õè theeF[the relative pronouns] that; which; which is...
Íѹ anM[the formal relative pronouns] that; which
«Öè§ seungF[the relative pronouns] who; whose; whom; of which
examples
¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡¤Ó¹ÒÁ «Öè§ÁջѭËÒÇèҨзѺÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁËÃ×ͤӤسÈѾ·ì¹Ñé¹ ãËé¶×ÍËÅѡࡳ±ì´Ñ§¹Õé
khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF maaM jaakL khahmM naamM seungF meeM bpanM haaR waaF jaL thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM naamM reuuR khahmM khoonM sap[t]L nanH haiF theuuR lakL gaehn[t]M dangM neeH
For adjectives derived from nouns which present difficulty as to whether they should be transcribed as nouns or adjectives, one should use the following rules:
¤Ó»ÃÐÊÁ«Öè§ã¹ÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉà¢Õ¹á¡¡Ñ¹ àÁ×èͷѺÈѾ·ìãËéà¢Õ¹µÔ´¡Ñ¹ä» äÁèµéͧᡤӵÒÁÀÒÉÒà´ÔÁ àªè¹
khahmM bpraL sohmR seungF naiM phaaM saaR angM gritL khiianR yaaekF ganM meuuaF thapH sap[t]L haiF khiianR dtitL ganM bpaiM maiF dtaawngF yaaekF khahmM dtaamM phaaM saaR deermM chehnF
Compound words which in English are written as separate words should be transcribed as a single word which need not be separated by a space, for example:
«Ö觡ѹáÅСѹseungF ganM laeH ganMeach other
«Öè§ä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃͺÃÁÁÒäÁè´Õ
seungF daiF rapH gaanM ohpL rohmM maaM maiF deeM
underbred
«Öè§µéͧ¾ÔÊÙ¨¹ìseungF dtaawngF phiH suut[n]LQ.E.D.; quod erat demonstrandum; that which was to be proven
«Öè§·ÓãË風è¹à¤×ͧseungF thahmM haiF khoonL kheuuangMoffensive
«Öè§·ÓãËéäÁè¾Íã¨seungF thahmM haiF maiF phaawM jaiMoffensive
«Öè§·ÓãËéàÊ×èÍÁàÊÕª×èÍàÊÕ§
seungF thahmM haiF seuuamL siiaR cheuuF siiangR
disparaging
«Öè§ÃÙéÊÖ¡¾ÔÈǧseungF ruuH seukL phiH suaangRwondering
«Öè§ËÁعàÇÕ¹ÍÂÙèseungF moonR wiianM yuuL[Thai definition of something] which is revolving
«Öè§Í¹ØÃÑ¡ÉìäÇéseungF aL nooH rak[s]H waiHconservative
«ØéÁ»ÃеÙ˹éÒ«Öè§µÔ´»éÒª×èÍÀҾ¹µÃì
soomH bpraL dtuuM naaF seungF dtitL bpaayF cheuuF phaapF yohn[dr]M
cinema marquee
¶éÒÊÃТͧ¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà»ç¹àÊÕ§ÊÃÐÍÐ «Öè§àÁ×èͷѺÈѾ·ìµéͧãªéÃÙ»äÁéËѹÍÒ¡ÒÈ ãËé«é͹¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÑÇÊС´¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà¢éÒÍÕ¡µÑÇ˹Öè§à¾×èÍà»ç¹¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ðµé¹¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ìµèÍä» àªè¹
thaaF saL raL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF bpenM siiangR saL raL aL seungF meuuaF thapH sap[t]L dtaawngF chaiH ruupF maaiH hanR aaM gaatL haiF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM saL gohtL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF khaoF eekL dtuaaM neungL pheuuaF bpenM phaH yanM chaH naH dtohnF khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M dtaawL bpaiM chehnF
If the vowel associated with the first syllable is an /-a-/ sound which uses the "stick turning in air" vowel in the transcription, one should double the transcribed consonant for use again as the initial consonant in the subsequent syllable, for example:
¹Ñè¹à¾ÃÒÐàÁ×èÍ¡Åä¡ÃÒ¤ÒÊÔ¹¤éÒ ¶Ù¡¡´àÍÒäÇé㹪èǧµé¹»Õ ¡ç¾ÃéÍÁ¨ÐÃÐàºÔ´»ÃѺà¾ÔèÁ㹤ÃÖè§»ÕËÅѧµÒÁÃÒ¤Ò¹éÓÁѹ Çѵ¶Ø´Ôº«Öè§ÁÕáµè¨Ðà¾ÔèÁÍÂèÒ§äÁèÁÕ·Õ·èÒÇèÒ¨ÐËÂØ´¹Ôè§
nanF phrawH meuuaF gohnM gaiM raaM khaaM sinR khaaH thuukL gohtL aoM waiH naiM chuaangF dtohnF bpeeM gawF phraawmH jaL raH beertL bprapL pheermF naiM khreungF bpeeM langR dtaamM raaM khaaM nahmH manM watH thooL dipL seungF meeM dtaaeL jaL pheermF yaangL maiF meeM theeM thaaF waaF jaL yootL ningF
That is because when pricing mechanisms are imposed at the beginning of the year, (prices will) then be set to explode upward in the second half of the year. (These prices) will follow the cost of oil and (other) raw materials which only tend to increase and give no indication of remaining where they are.
¡àÇé¹ã¹¡Ã³Õ·Õè¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì·ÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡ª×èͺؤ¤Å à»ç¹ª×èÍ੾ÒзÕèà»ç¹·ÕèÃÙé¨Ñ¡¡Ñ¹·ÑèÇä»ã¹áµèÅÐǧ¡Òà «Öè§ÍÒ¨Êѧࡵä´é¨Ò¡¡Ò÷Õèã¹ ÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉäÁèä´éãªéÍÑ¡ÉõÑÇãË­è¢Öé¹µé¹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì àªè¹
yohkH wehnH naiM gaL raH neeM theeF khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF maaM jaakL cheuuF bookL khohnM bpenM cheuuF chaL phawH theeF bpenM theeF ruuH jakL ganM thuaaF bpaiM naiM dtaaeL laH wohngM gaanM seungF aatL sangR gaehtL daiF jaakL gaanM theeF naiM phaaM saaR angM gritL maiF daiF chaiH akL saawnR dtuaaM yaiL kheunF dtohnF haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM khoonM sap[t]L chehnF
An exception exists where an adjective which was derived from the name of a specific person is a proper name but is commonly and generally known in circles in which it is used. One may discern these words by the fact that such words are not capitalized in English. These words should take the form of an ordinary adjective.
àÃ×èͧáµè§ÃéÍÂá¡éÇ«Öè§ÂÒÇáÅЫѺ«é͹¡ÇèÒàÃ×èͧÊÑé¹
reuuangF dtaengL raawyH gaaeoF seungF yaaoM laeH sapH saawnH gwaaL reuuangF sanF
novella (a tale or short story of the type contained in Giovanni Boccaccio's Decameron; a fictional prose narrative that is longer and more complex than a short story; a short novel or a long short story)
ÈѾ·ìÇÔªÒ¡ÒëÖè§ãªé੾ÒÐ¡ÅØèÁ äÁèãªèÈѾ·ì·ÑèÇä» ÍÒ¨à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁËÅѡࡳ±ì¢Öé¹µÒÁ¤ÇÒÁ¨Óà»ç¹
sap[t]L wiH chaaM gaanM seungF chaiH chaL phawH gloomL maiF chaiF sap[t]L thuaaF bpaiM aatL pheermF dteermM lakL gaehn[t]M kheunF dtaamM khwaamM jahmM bpenM
These rules may be supplemented as necessary for technical words which are used by specific communities and which are not words in general usage.
àËÅéÒÁ¸ØÃÊ«Öè§»ÃØ§¨Ò¡¹éÓ¼Öé§
laoF maH thooH rohtH seungF bproongM jaakL nahmH pheungF
(alcoholic) mead
͹ØÀÒ¤¢Í§ÍеÍÁ·ÕèÁÕ»ÃШغǡ«Öè§ÁÕ¢¹Ò´»ÃШØà·èҡѺ¢Í§ÍÔàÅ硵Ã͹·ÕèÁÕ»ÃШØÅº
aL nooH phaakF khaawngR aL dtaawmM theeF meeM bpraL jooL buaakL seungF meeM khaL naatL bpraL jooL thaoF gapL khaawngR iL lekH dtraawnM theeF meeM bpraL jooL lohpH
[Thai description of a] proton
sample
sentences
¡ÒáÃзӢͧ¤Ø³ÂÒ¹Ñ鹡èÍãËéà¡Ô´ÊÓ¹Ö¡¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹à¹×éÍà´ÕÂǡѹ¡Ñº¤¹Í×è¹ á¶Áà»ç¹¤¹Í×蹫Ö觤سÂÒÂäÁèä´éÃÙé¨Ñ¡ÁÑ¡¤Øé¹ÁÒ¡è͹´éÇÂ
gaanM graL thahmM khaawngR khoonM yaayM nanH gaawL haiF geertL sahmR neukH khwaamM bpenM neuuaH diaaoM ganM gapL khohnM euunL thaaemR bpenM khohnM euunL seungF khoonM yaayM maiF daiF ruuH jakL makH khoonH maaM gaawnL duayF
"The work of these two women created a feeling of solidarity with others; in addition, these were people with whom the two women had not been previously acquainted."
à¢Ò«ØèÁÃÍàÇÅÒ·ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÁã¹Í¹Ò¤µ «Öè§»ÃÐàÁÔ¹áÅéǡ礧äÁè¹Ò¹
khaoR soomF raawM waehM laaM theeF mawL sohmR naiM aL naaM khohtH seungF bpraL meernM laaeoH gawF khohngM maiF naanM
"They secretly await the right time in the future which they estimate to be not far off."
à¢ÒÃéͧà¾Å§ä¾àÃÒÐÁÒ¡«Öè§àÁ×èͿѧáÅéÇ ¨Ôµã¨¢Í§©Ñ¹¡çà¤ÅÔºà¤ÅÔéÁä»´éÇÂ
khaoR raawngH phlaehngM phaiM rawH maakF seungF meuuaF fangM laaeoH jitL jaiM khaawngR chanR gawF khleerpF khleermH bpaiM duayF
He sings very beautifully, which when I hear (his singing), my heart becomes enraptured.
¤¹¡Ô¹à¨ÃÙé¨Ñ¡ÇÔ¸Õ´Ñ´á»Å§á»ÃÃÙ»¸Ñ­¾×ªã¹¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔãËéä´éÁÒ«Öè§â»ÃµÕ¹
khohnM ginM jaehM ruuH jakL wiH theeM datL bplaaengM bpraaeM ruupF thanM pheuutF naiM thamM maH chaatF haiF daiF maaM seungF bprohM dteenM
"People who eat vegetarian foods know how to convert natural grains to produce protein."
ªèǧ·ÕèÁÕ¡Ò÷ӻÃЪÒÁµÔ¹Ñé¹ »ÃЪҪ¹ÁÕàÇÅÒ¹éÍÂÁÒ¡ «Öè§¾é¹ÇÔÊÑ·Õè»ÃЪҪ¹¸ÃÃÁ´Ò¨ÐÍèÒ¹ÃѰ¸ÃÃÁ¹Ù­¤Ãº·Ø¡ÁÒµÃÒä´é
chuaangF theeF meeM gaanM thahmM bpraL chaaM maH dtiL nanH bpraL chaaM chohnM meeM waehM laaM naawyH maakF seungF phohnH wiH saiR theeF bpraL chaaM chohnM thamM maH daaM jaL aanL ratH thamM maH nuunM khrohpH thookH maatF raaM daiF
"The run up to the referendum gave the people very little time which made it impossible for the average person to read every article of the constitution."
ªèÒ§µÕàËÅç¡ÊÁÑ¡è͹à¢ÒãªéàËÅç¡à»ç¹á·è§ æ «Öè§àÃÕ¡ÇèÒàËÅç¡á˹º·Ó
changF dteeM lekL saL maiR gaawnL khaoR chaiH lekL bpenM thaaengF thaaengF seungF riiakF waaF lekL haaeR nohpH thahmM
Blade smiths in olden times used steel bars which were called 'sheaves of metal.'
«Öè§ËÁÒ¶֧¤ÇÒÁ¨Ãԧ㨫×èÍÊѵÂìµè͡ѹ äÁè¹Í¡ã¨¡Ñ¹
seungF maayR theungR khwaamM jingM jaiM seuuF sat[y]L dtaawL ganM maiF naawkF jaiM ganM
This means that each must be truthful and honest with the other and not be unfaithful,
´Ô¹º¹à¢Ò¾Ñ§·ÅÒÂŧÁÒãÊè¹Ñ¡·èͧà·ÕèÂÇ «Öè§à˵ءÒóìÇԻ⤤ÃÑé§¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¼ÙéàÊÕªÕÇÔµ¶Ö§ òð Ⱦ
dinM bohnM khaoR phangM thaH laayM lohngM maaM saiL nakH thaawngF thiaaoF seungF haehtL gaan[n]M wipH bpaL yohkF khrangH nanH meeM phuuF siiaR cheeM witH theungR saawngR suunR sohpL
"The soil at the top of the mountain collapsed on the tourists; this tragic event caused the death of 20 persons."
â´ÂÁÕàµÒà¼Ò«Öè§ãªé¶èÒ¹
dooyM meeM dtaoM phaoR seungF chaiH thaanL
(The blacksmith) used a kiln (or forge) fired by charcoal.
ãµé¼ÔÇ˹ѧ¢Í§¤¹àÃÒÁÕàÁç´ÊÕ·ÕèàÃÕ¡ÇèÒàÁÅÒ¹Ô¹¡ÃШÒµÑÇÍÂÙè «Öè§·Ó˹éÒ·Õèà»ç¹à¡ÃÒÐ »éͧ¡Ñ¹¼ÔÇ˹ѧ¨Ò¡ÃѧÊÕã¹áʧᴴµÒÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ
dtaiF phiuR nangR khaawngR khohnM raoM meeM metH seeR theeF riiakF waaF maehM laaM ninM graL jaayM dtuaaM yuuL seungF thahmM naaF theeF bpenM grawL bpaawngF ganM phiuR nangR jaakL rangM seeR naiM saaengR daaetL dtaamM thamM maH chaatF
Beneath our outer skin there are color-spots spread all over our bodies called 'melanin;' these (spots) serve as a natural defense to protect our skin from the sun’s rays.
¹ÒÂ¡Ï ¤¹ãËÁè¨Ö§¨Ðµéͧà»ç¹¤¹·Õèá¢ç§ «Ö觤³Ð»¯ÔÃÙ» æ à¡Ã§ã¨ à¾ÃÒÐà»ç¹ÃØè¹¾Õè áÅÐà»ç¹Í´Õµ¼ÙéºÑ§¤ÑººÑ­ªÒ
naaM yohkH khohnM maiL jeungM jaL dtaawngF bpenM khohnM theeF khaengR seungF khaH naH bpaL dtiL ruupF khaH naH bpaL dtiL ruupF graehngM jaiM phrawH bpenM roonF pheeF laeH bpenM aL deetL phuuF bangM khapH banM chaaM
"The new prime minister must be a strong person whom the Council for Administrative Reform holds in high regard due to the fact that (the prime minister) is a senior (in military rank) and because his is a former (military) commander."
ã¹¢³Ð·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàËÅ×èÍÁÅéÓ·Ò§àÈÃɰ¡Ô¨ã¹Êѧ¤Á «Öè§·ÓãË餹ÍÕ¡ËÅÒÂÅéÒ¹à¢éÒäÁè¶Ö§â»ÃµÕ¹
naiM khaL naL theeF meeM khwaamM leuuamL lahmH thaangM saehtL thaL gitL naiM sangR khohmM seungF thahmM haiF khohnM eekL laayR laanH khaoF maiF theungR bprohM dteenM
At the same time there is economic inequality in society which prevents many millions from access to protein.
ã¹ÍÔ¹à´Õ«Öè§ÁÕâ»ÃµÕ¹ã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§ÇÑÇà´Ô¹ÂÑéÇàÂÕéÂÍÂÙèàµçÁä»ËÁ´à»ç¹ÅéÒ¹ µÑÇ
naiM inM diiaM seungF meeM bprohM dteenM naiM ruupF khaawngR wuaaM deernM yuaaH yiiaH yuuL dtemM bpaiM mohtL bpenM laanH dtuaaM
In India there is a lot of protein in the form of millions of cattle just walking around.
ºÍ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹»ÃÔÁÒ³ ¤×ÍÁÔä´éºÍ¡ªÑ´Å§ä»ÇèÒà·èÒ¹Ñé¹à·èÒ¹Õé à»ç¹áµè¡Ó˹´ÇèÒÁÒ¡ËÃ×͹éÍ«Ö觾ͨÐÃÙé¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂä´éâ´Â»ÃÔÁÒ³ àªè¹ ÁÒ¡ ¹éÍ ËÅÒ ·Ñé§ËÅÒ ¨Ø ·Ñ駻ǧ ·Ñé§ËÁ´ ºÃÃ´Ò ¤¹ÅÐ ÊÔè§ÅÐ µèÒ§ ºÒ§ ºéÒ§ ¡Ñ¹ ÏÅÏ àªè¹
baawkL jahmM nuaanM bpaL riH maanM kheuuM miH daiF baawkL chatH lohngM bpaiM waaF thaoF nanH thaoF neeH bpenM dtaaeL gahmM nohtL waaF maakF reuuR naawyH seungF phaawM jaL ruuH khwaamM maayR daiF dooyM bpaL riH maanM chehnF maakF naawyH laayR thangH laayR jooL thangH bpuaangM thangH mohtL banM daaM khohnM laH singL laH dtaangL baangM baangF ganM chehnF
To indicate a quantity, although it is not necessary that the number be precise; the modifier may indicate “many” or “a few” just to show an approximation of the amount. Examples include, “a lot,” “few,” “many,” “all of,” “much,” “the entirety of,” “all of,” “complete,” “each one of,” “one of,” “each and every,” “some,” “partly,” “each other,” etc. Some examples include:
»Ãоѹ¸ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ áÅлÃоѹ¸ÇÔàÈɳì áÁé¨Ðãªé¤ÓºÒ§¤ÓàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹ àªè¹ ·Õè «Öè§ Íѹ áµèÁÕ¢éÍᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé
bpraL phanM thaH sapL phaH naamM laeH bpraL phanM thaH wiH saeht[n]L maaeH jaL chaiH khahmM baangM khahmM meuuanR ganM chehnF theeF seungF anM dtaaeL meeM khaawF dtaaekL dtaangL ganM dangM neeH
Even though relative pronouns and relative modifiers use the same words, for example, “that,” “which,” “the one that,” there are differences, as in the following:
»Ñ­ËÒ·ÕèÊÒÁ ¤×ͤÇÒÁÃèÓÃÇÂ㹤ӢͧÀÒÉÒä·Â «Ö觾ǡàÃÒ¹Ö¡ÇèÒäÁèÃèÓÃÇÂ¾Í ¨Ö§µéͧÁպѭ­ÑµÔÈѾ·ìãËÁèÁÒãªé...
bpanM haaR theeF saamR kheuuM khwaamM rahmF ruayM naiM khahmM khaawngR phaaM saaR thaiM seungF phuaakF raoM neukH waaF maiF rahmF ruayM phaawM jeungM dtaawngF meeM banM yatH sap[t]L maiL maaM chaiH
A third issue is the richness of our Thai vocabulary which some of us think is not rich enough. We therefore want to create new words to use. [...]
»Ñ­ËÒ˹Öè§·ÕèÊӤѭ¢Í§¡ÒÃãªéÂÒã¹à´ç¡¤×Í ¡ÒáԹÂÒà¡Ô¹¢¹Ò´«Öè§ÍÒ¨ÁÕÊÒà˵بҡ¼Ù黡¤Ãͧà¢éÒ㨤ÅÒ´à¤Å×è͹ã¹àÃ×èͧ˹èǵǧÂÒ
bpanM haaR neungL theeF sahmR khanM khaawngR gaanM chaiH yaaM naiM dekL kheuuM gaanM ginM yaaM geernM khaL naatL seungF aatL meeM saaR haehtL jaakL phuuF bpohkL khraawngM khaoF jaiM khlaatF khleuuanF naiM reuuangF nuayL dtuaangM yaaM
"One important problem with giving medicines to children is overdosing. This is often caused by parents incorrectly measuring the medication."
à»ç¹º·àª×èÍÁÃÐËÇèÒ§Áآ»ÃÐ⤠¡Ñº¤Ø³Ò¹Ø»ÃÐ⤫Öè§ÃÇÁàÃÕ¡ÇèÒÊѧ¡Ã»ÃÐâ¤
bpenM bohtL cheuuamF raH waangL mookH khaL yaH bpraL yohkL gapL khooH naaM nooH bpraL yohkF seungF ruaamM riiakF waaF sangR gaawnM bpraL yohkL
"[They] constitute connecting words between an independent clause (main clause) and a dependent clause (adjectival clause) which, when combined, produce a “complex sentence.”."
à»ç¹º·àª×èÍÁÃÐËÇèÒ§Áآ»ÃÐ⤡ѺÇÔàÈɳҹػÃÐ⤠«Öè§ÃÇÁàÃÕ¡ Êѧ¡Ã»ÃÐâ¤
bpenM bohtL cheuuamF raH waangL mookH khaL yaH bpraL yohkL gapL wiH saehtL naaM nooH bpraL yohkL seungF ruaamM riiakF sangR gaawnM bpraL yohkL
[They] constitute connecting words between an independent clause (main clause) and a dependent clause (adverbial clause) which, when combined, produce a complex sentence.
à¾×èÍà¾ÔèÁÁÙŤèÒÊÔ¹¤éÒà¡ÉµÃâ´Â੾ÒТéÒÇ«Öè§à»ç¹ÊÔ¹¤éÒËÅѡ㹡ÒÃÊè§ÍÍ¡
pheuuaF pheermF muunM khaaF sinR khaaH gaL saeht[r]L dooyM chaL phawH khaaoF seungF bpenM sinR khaaH lakL naiM gaanM sohngL aawkL
(This would be done) in order to increase the value of agricultural production—especially rice, which is (Thailand’s) primary export product.
Á¹ØÉÂìÁÕÀÒÉÒ«Öè§·ÓãËéÊÒÁÒö¾Ñ²¹Ò¨Ó¹Ç¹·Õèà»ç¹ÃÙ»¸ÃÃÁä»ÊÙè¡ÒäԴ¶Ö§ ¨Ó¹Ç¹ ã¹àªÔ§¹ÒÁ¸ÃÃÁä´é
maH noot[y]H meeM phaaM saaR seungF thahmM haiF saaR maatF phatH naaM jahmM nuaanM theeF bpenM ruupF bpaL thamM bpaiM suuL gaanM khitH theungR jahmM nuaanM naiM cheerngM naamM maH thamM daiF
"Humans possess language which enables them to utilize concrete numbers to allow them to think about numbers in the abstract sense."
Áô¡·Õè·Ôé§äÇéãËéÊѧ¤Áä·Â¤×Í¡Òõ×è¹µÑǢͧ¡ÅØèÁ»ÃЪҪ¹«Öè§àÃÕ¡¡Ñ¹ÇèÒÃÒ¡Ë­éÒ ¤¹¡ÅØèÁ¹ÕéäÁèà¤ÂÍÂÙèã¹Ç§¨Ã¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧä·ÂÁҡ仡ÇèÒŧ¤Ðá¹¹ã¹ËÕººÑµÃàÅ×Í¡µÑé§
maawM raH dohkL theeF thingH waiH haiF sangR khohmM thaiM kheuuM gaanM dteuunL dtuaaM khaawngR gloomL bpraL chaaM chohnM seungF riiakF ganM waaF raakF yaaF khohnM gloomL neeH maiF kheeuyM yuuL naiM wohngM jaawnM gaanM meuuangM thaiM maakF bpaiM gwaaL lohngM khaH naaenM naiM heepL bat[r]L leuuakF dtangF
"A legacy which has been left to Thai society is the awakening of that segment of the Thai people called the “grassroots”. This group has [historically] not been within the circle of Thai politics for more than merely placing their votes in a ballot box."
ÁѧÊÇÔÃѵÔà»ç¹ÍÒËÒ÷ÕèÁÕ»ÃÐ⪹ìµèÍÃèÒ§¡Ò ÁռѡáÅмÅäÁé«Öè§·ÓãËéä´éÃѺ¡Ò¡ãÂÍÒËÒÃÁÒ¡¾Í
mangM saL wiH ratH bpenM aaM haanR theeF meeM bpraL yoht[n]L dtaawL raangF gaayM meeM phakL laeH phohnR laH maaiH seungF thahmM haiF daiF rapH gaakL yaiM aaM haanR maakF phaawM
"Vegetarian food is food that is beneficial for our bodies. It contains vegetables and fruits which allow us to receive sufficient amounts of dietary fiber."
ÁÕ¢éͤÇÒÁà¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡Ñ¹ àªè¹ ·Õè «Öè§ Íѹ ÍÂèÒ§·Õè ª¹Ô´·Õè ãËé ÇèÒ ·ÕèÇèÒ ¤×Í à¾×èÍ ãËé à¾×èÍÇèÒ ÏÅÏ µÑÇÍÂèÒ§
meeM khaawF khwaamM giaaoL khaawngF ganM chehnF theeF seungF anM yaangL theeF chaH nitH theeF haiF waaF theeF waaF kheuuM pheuuaF haiF pheuuaF waaF dtuaaM yaangL
Examples include, “that, which, or whom,” “which,” “which, that, or whom,” “in an instance where,” “in order that,” “that,” “as indicated,” “that is,” and “so that,” “in order to,” “in case of,” and others. Sample sentences: