| |
|
1.  [adjective, adverb, preposition]
|
| definition | all; entire; whole; wholly
|
| examples | |
¶éÒ·Ñ駤ӤسÈѾ·ìáÅФӹÒÁà»ç¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì·ÕèÂѧäÁè¶×Íà»ç¹¤Óä·Â ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÃ§µÒÁÈѾ·ìà´ÔÁ àªè¹ thaaF thangH khahmM khoonM sap[t]L laeH khahmM naamM bpenM khahmM thapH sap[t]L theeF yangM maiF theuuR bpenM khahmM thaiM haiF thapH sap[t]L dtrohngM dtaamM sap[t]L deermM chehnFIf both the adjective and the related noun are transcribed words neither of which are considered Thai words, they should be transcribed in the order of the original English words, for example: |
µÒ·Ñé§¡ÅÁ | dtaayM thangH glohmM | to die while pregnant |
·Ñé§¡ÅÁ | thangH glohmM | [are] dead both mother and child |
·Ñé§â¢Â§ | thangH khaL yohngR | the whole bunch |
·Ñ駤׹  | thangH kheuunM | all night |
·Ñ駪ҵÔ | thangH chaatF | all across the nation |
·Ñé§·Õ | thangH theeM | at every chance |
·Ñé§á·è§ | thangH thaaengF | pure; untainted; solid all the way through |
·Ñé§¹Ñé¹ | thangH nanH | those; these |
·Ñé§¹Ñé¹ | thangH nanH | in its entirety |
·Ñé§¹Õé  | thangH neeH | so; as such |
·Ñ駺éÒ¹ | thangH baanF | the whole house |
·Ñ駻ǧ | thangH bpuaangM | all; in total; completely; of every kind; as a whole |
·Ñé§à»ç¹ | thangH bpenM | alive |
·Ñé§âÅ¡ | thangH lohkF | all over the world |
·Ñé§Çѹ  | thangH wanM | all day |
·Ñé§Êͧ¤¹  | thangH saawngR khohnM | both of those people |
·Ñé§ÊͧÍÂèÒ§  | thangH saawngR yaangL | both of them; both items |
·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ | thangH sinF | all of it; completely; entirely |
·Ñé§ËÁ´  | thangH mohtL | all; it all; all of it; altogether; completely; every; whole |
·Ñé§ËÅÒÂ | thangH laayR | all; many; several |
·ÑèÇ·Ñé§âÅ¡ | thuaaF thangH lohkF | all over this wide earth |
·èÒ¹·Ñé§ËÅÒÂ | thanF thangH laayR | "Ladies and gentlemen" |
äÁèà¹×èͧã¹À¾·Ñé§ÊÒÁ | maiF neuuangF naiM phohpH thangH saamR | [Buddhism] free from the Three Worlds (i.e. ¡ÒÁÀ¾ , ÃÙ»À¾ and ÍÃÙ»À¾ ) believed to cause endless cycles of ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ (birth), ¡ÒÃá¡è (old age), ¡ÒÃà¨çº (suffering) and ¡ÒõÒ (death) |
ÃèÇÁ·Ñé§  | ruaamF thangH | to include |
ÃèÇÁ·Ñé§ | ruaamF thangH | including |
àÊé¹»ÃÐÊÒ··Ñé§ËéÒ | sehnF bpraL saatL thangH haaF | five senses |
sample sentences | ¡ÃзÓãËéµèÒ§½èÒµèÒ§¾ÂÒÂÒÁàºè§ºÒÃÁÕãÊè¡Ñ¹ áÅÐà»Ô´ÈÖ¡áÂè§ÍÓ¹Ò¨ áÂè§à¡éÒÍÕéµÑÇÊӤѷÑé§ã¹ÃѰºÒÅáÅÐÃѰÊÀÒÍÂèÒ§äÁèÅ´ÃÒÇÒÈÍ¡¡Ñ¹ graL thahmM haiF dtaangL faayL dtaangL phaH yaaM yaamM behngL baaM raH meeM saiL ganM laeH bpeertL seukL yaaengF ahmM naatF yaaengF gaoF eeF dtuaaM sahmR khanM thangH naiM ratH thaL baanM laeH ratH saL phaaM yaangL maiF lohtH raaM waaM saawkL ganM"This causes each faction to flex their own paper against each other and to create struggles to wrest power from each other. They are fighting over important positions both within the government and the legislature, each one unwilling to give even one inch." |
¡ÃÐáÊ¢èÒÇ·ÕèÍÍ¡ÁÒ·ÓãËé¾Ãä·Ñé§Êͧ¾Ãäµéͧ¿Ñ§¡è͹µÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨à¢éÒÃèÇÁÃѰºÒÅ graL saaeR khaaoL theeF aawkL maaM thahmM haiF phakH thangH saawngR phakH dtaawngF fangM gaawnL dtatL sinR jaiM khaoF ruaamF ratH thaL baanM"The information that emerged caused both parties to listen before making a decision regarding joining in the government." |
¡ÒÃãªéàÊÕ§ÊÙ§µèÓÊÅѺ¡Ñ¹¡ÃзÓãËéÁÕ¤ÇÒÁä¾àÃÒÐ ·Ñé§Âѧ·ÓãËéà¡Ô´Áâ¹ÀÒ¾ªÑ´à¨¹ gaanM chaiH siiangR suungR dtahmL saL lapL ganM graL thahmM haiF meeM khwaamM phaiM rawH thangH yangM thahmM haiF geertL maH nohM phaapF chatH jaehnM"The use of high and low pitched sounds (in Thai) creates a melodious sound in addition to which (such sounds) evoke clear images and visions." |
à¢Ò·Ñé§ËÁ´¨ÐÁÒËÒàÃÒ·Ñé§ÊͧÇѹ¹Õé khaoR thangH mohtL jaL maaM haaR raoM thangH saawngR wanM neeHAll of them will be coming to see the two of us today. |
|
á¢è§¿ØµºÍÅàÁ×èÍÇÒ¹¹Õé ¼ÙéÃÑ¡ÉÒ»ÃеٷÑé§Êͧ½èÒ¡ҧÁØé§ÃÍÃѺ¨¹à¡×ͺËÁ´àÇÅÒ¶Ö§ä´éÁÕ¡ÒÃÂÔ§»Ãе١ѹ khaengL footH baawnM meuuaF waanM neeH phuuF rakH saaR bpraL dtuuM thangH saawngR faayL gaangM moongH raawM rapH johnM geuuapL mohtL waehM laaM theungR daiF meeM gaanM yingM bpraL dtuuM ganM"In yesterday's football match the goalkeepers on both sides stood around twiddling their thumbs until the very end of the game when the teams were able to take shots on goal." |
|
|
|
¤Õµ¡ÇÕãËè æ ¢Í§âÅ¡Åéǹà¤Â¶Ù¡¹Ñ¡ÇÔ¨Òóì«Öè§µÒÁäÁè·Ñ¹â¨ÁµÕáËÅ¡ÅÒÁÒáÅéÇ·Ñé§¹Ñé¹ kheeM dtaL gweeM yaiL yaiL khaawngR lohkF luaanH kheeuyM thuukL nakH wiH jaan[n]M seungF dtaamM maiF thanM johmM dteeM laaekL laanM maaM laaeoH thangH nanH"World-renown composers of music have always been heavily criticized by critics who cannot understand (their artistic expressions)." |
|
|
µÑǼÁ¡Ãлš¡ÃÐà»ÅÕéÂà¾ÅÕ·Ñé§¡Ò àÊÕÂàªÔ§ªÒÂË´ËÙèÍ´ÊÙ¨ÃÔ§ dtuaaM phohmR graL bplohkL graL bpliiaF phliiaM thangH gaayM siiaR cheerngM chaayM hohtL huuL ohtL suuR jingM"My entire body is feeble and weak; my male spirit is dejected and I feel ashamed (from the song “ àÅèÒÊÙè¡Ñ¹¿Ñ§”)" |
|
|
|
·èÒ¹·Ñé§ËÅÒÂÍÂÒ¡´Ùã¤ÃºéÒ§ thanF thangH laayR yaakL duuM khraiM baangFWhom [many people] would all of you like to see? |
¹ÃªÒµÔÇÒ§ÇÒ ÁÅÒÂÊÔé¹·Ñé§ÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂì ʶԵ·ÑèÇáµèªÑèÇ´Õ »ÃдѺäÇéã¹âÅ¡Ò naH raH chaaM dtiL waangM waayM maH laayM sinF thangH inM see[y]M saL thitL thuaaF dtaaeL chuaaF deeM bpraL dapL waiH naiM lohM gaaMWhen humans die, All their physical bodies perish; Only their goodness and badness remain As grace and disgrace to decorate the world |
¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×ÍÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ ÊÔè§¹Õé àªè¹ ¹Õè ¹Ñè¹ â¹è¹ ¹Õé ¹Ñé¹ â¹é¹ ·Ñé§¹Õé ·Ñé§¹Ñé¹ ÍÂèÒ§¹Õé ÍÂèÒ§¹Ñé¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ á·é ¨ÃÔ§ ੾ÒÐ àͧ ´Í¡ á¹è¹Í¹ ·Õà´ÕÂÇ à·ÕÂÇ à¨ÕÂÇ ÏÅÏ niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jahmM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL nanH singL neeH chehnF neeF nanF nohnF neeH nanH nohnH thangH neeH thangH nanH yaangL neeH yaangL nanH dangM neeH dangM nanH thaaeH jingM chaL phawH aehngM daawkL naaeF naawnM theeM diaaoM thiaaoM jiaaoM “Demonstrative modifiers” are modifiers which serve to specify or limit the related word to a specific meaning or a specific item; such words include, “this,” “that,” “that one over there,” “all of these,” “all of those,” “like this,” “like that,” “as follows,” “like this (or that),” “truly,” “specifically,” “only this,” “at all,” “certainly,” “absolutely,” “certainly,” “surely, positively,” etc. |
ºÍ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹»ÃÔÁÒ³ ¤×ÍÁÔä´éºÍ¡ªÑ´Å§ä»ÇèÒà·èÒ¹Ñé¹à·èÒ¹Õé à»ç¹áµè¡Ó˹´ÇèÒÁÒ¡ËÃ×͹éÍ«Ö觾ͨÐÃÙé¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂä´éâ´Â»ÃÔÁÒ³ àªè¹ ÁÒ¡ ¹éÍ ËÅÒ ·Ñé§ËÅÒ ¨Ø ·Ñ駻ǧ ·Ñé§ËÁ´ ºÃÃ´Ò ¤¹ÅÐ ÊÔè§ÅÐ µèÒ§ ºÒ§ ºéÒ§ ¡Ñ¹ ÏÅÏ àªè¹ baawkL jahmM nuaanM bpaL riH maanM kheuuM miH daiF baawkL chatH lohngM bpaiM waaF thaoF nanH thaoF neeH bpenM dtaaeL gahmM nohtL waaF maakF reuuR naawyH seungF phaawM jaL ruuH khwaamM maayR daiF dooyM bpaL riH maanM chehnF maakF naawyH laayR thangH laayR jooL thangH bpuaangM thangH mohtL banM daaM khohnM laH singL laH dtaangL baangM baangF ganM chehnFTo indicate a quantity, although it is not necessary that the number be precise; the modifier may indicate “many” or “a few” just to show an approximation of the amount. Examples include, “a lot,” “few,” “many,” “all of,” “much,” “the entirety of,” “all of,” “complete,” “each one of,” “one of,” “each and every,” “some,” “partly,” “each other,” etc. Some examples include: |
»ÃеԪÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»Ãк͡àÊÕ§ÃéͧàÃÕ¡áÅÐàÊÕ§¢Ò¹ÃѺ à¾×èÍáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁÊÅÐÊÅÇ¢ͧÀÒÉÒ áÅÐáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹¡Ñ¹àͧÃÐËÇèÒ§¼Ùé¾Ù´ àªè¹ ¨ëÒ ¢ÍÃѺ àÇé âÇé âÇ áÅкÃôҤӢÍÃѺ·Õè¡ÅèÒÇáÅéÇ㹤ÓÇÔàÈɳìÃÒªÒÈѾ·ì·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ (´Ù¤ÓÇÔàÈɳìÃÒªÒÈѾ·ì¢éҧ˹éÒ) bpraL dtitL chaH yaaM wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL baawkL siiangR raawngH riiakF laeH siiangR khaanR rapH pheuuaF saL daaengM khwaamM saL laL saL luayR khaawngR phaaM saaR laeH saL daaengM khwaamM bpenM ganM aehngM raH waangL phuuF phuutF chehnF jaaR khaawR rapH weeuyH wooyH wooyM laeH banM daaM khahmM khaawR rapH theeF glaaoL laaeoH naiM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L raaM chaaM sap[t]L thangH sinF duuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L raaM chaaM sap[t]L khaangF naaFAffirmative Modifiers are modifiers which are expressions of calling out and requesting or of answering and response; these words show the melodiousness of the language. The use of these words also indicate that both the parties to the conversation have an informal or friendly relationship to each other. Words include the following: “jaa,” “khorap,” “woiy (high tone”), “wooy (high tone)” “wooy (mid tone)” as well as all the other response words included in the royal language modifiers (See the the list of royal language modifiers below.) [The text itself contains a separate section on royal language modifiers.] Sample sentences include: |
»ÅÒà¹èÒµÑÇà´ÕÂÇ àËÁç¹ËÁ´·Ñé§¢éͧ bplaaM naoF dtuaaM diaaoM menR mohtL thangH khaawngF"One scabbed sheep will mar the whole flock." — "One rotten apple spoils the whole barrel." |
¼ÙéµÒ·Ñé§ÊͧäÁèà¤ÂÁÕàÃ×èͧºÒ´ËÁÒ§¡Ñºã¤Ã phuuF dtaayM thangH saawngR maiF kheeuyM meeM reuuangF baatL maangR gapL khraiM"Neither of the two persons who died were ever on bad terms with anyone." |
|
¾Ù´ªÑ¡áÁè¹éÓ·Ñé§ËéÒ phuutF chakH maaeF naahmH thangH haaF"To beat around the bush." |
|
|
|
|
áÁé·Ñé§ÊÒÁ¤¹¨ÐÊÙ§ÇÑ¡çµÒÁáµèà¢ÒÂѧ´Óà¹Ô¹º·ºÒ·ã¹Êѧ¤ÁÍÂèÒ§äÁèÂèÍ·éÍ maaeH thangH saamR khohnM jaL suungR waiM gawF dtaamM dtaaeL khaoR yangM dahmM neernM bohtL baatL naiM sangR khohmM yaangL maiF yaawF thaawH"Even though all three of them were elderly, they continued to perform their roles in society without being discouraged." |
|
ÃѰ¨Ö§Áͧ·Ñé§Ãкºà¾×èÍãËé·Ø¡¤¹ÍÂÙèä´é áÅÐäÁèÁÕ¡ÒÃàÍÒÃÑ´àÍÒà»ÃÕº«Ö觡ѹáÅСѹ ratH jeungM maawngM thangH raH bohpL pheuuaF haiF thookH khohnM yuuL daiF laeH maiF meeM gaanM aoM ratH aoM bpriiapL seungF ganM laeH ganMThe government views the entire process (as a way) to satisfy everyone’s individual needs and (its objective) is that no party will be able to take undue advantage over any other party. |
|