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¹éÓ  naahmH  /  nahmH
contents of this page
1.¹éÓnaahmHwater; fluid; liquid
2.¹éÓnaahmHthe essential characteristics of what is being mentioned
3.¹éÓnaahmHthe degree of clarity, luster and sparkle of ÍÑ­Á³Õ (precious stones, jewel, gems)
4.¹éÓnaahmH[of ÍÑ­Á³Õ (precious stones, jewel, gems)] glaring; glittering; radiant; sparkling
5.¹éÓnaahmHriver; stream; brook; creek; tide; waterway
6.¹éÓnaahmH[special classifier of boats used for a few years]
7.¹éÓnaahmH[special classifier of washing or boiling with water]
8.·Ò§¹éÓthaangM naahmHaquatic

pronunciation guide
Phonemic Thai¹éÒÁ
IPAnɑ́ːm
Royal Thai General Systemnam

similar
sounding
¹Ó
1. common Thai word   [noun]
definition
water; fluid; liquid

notesThe vowel ÍÓ is a short-duration vowel, but in monosyllable words which are spoken in the high tone (i.e. low consonant class and äÁéâ·  tone mark) such as this one, the vowel duration varies according to the following: when the syllable is standing alone or appears at the end of a compound word, the vowel duration is long; when followed by another syllable in a compound word, the vowel duration will be short.

See footnote 8 on the vowels page for more information.
related wordªÅ chohnMwater; water-borne
examples¡´¹éÓgohtL naahmHto dunk down into the water
¡ÃÇ´¹éÓgruaatL naahmHto pour ceremonial water to expiate the sins of the dead
¡ÃÐâ´´¹éÓgraL dohtL naahmHdive into water
¡ÒáÃÐâ´´¹éÓgaanM graL dohtL naahmHdiving
¡Ãеԡ¹éÓgraL dtikL naahmHthermos; water bottle
¡Ãлëͧô¹éÓgraL bpaawngR rohtH naahmHwatering can
¡ÃÐËÒ¹éÓgraL haayR naahmHthirst; thirsty
¡ÅéǹéÓÇéÒgluayF naahmH waaH[small Thai variety of] banana
¡ëÇÂàµÕëÂǹéÓguayR dtiaaoR naahmHnoodle soup
¡êÍ¡¹éÓgaawkH naahmHwater tap; faucet
¡êÍ¡¹éÓÃé͹gaawkH naahmH raawnHhot water faucet
¡Ñ§Ëѹ¹éÓgangM hanR naahmHwater turbine
¡Ñ¹¹éÓganM naahmHwaterproof
¡ÒµéÁ¹éÓgaaM dtohmF naahmHkettle
¡Ò¹éÓ gaaM naahmHkettle
á¡éǹéÓgaaeoF naahmHwater glass
¢Ñ¹µÑ¡¹éÓkhanR dtakL naahmHdipper; water ladle
ä¢è·Í´¹éÓkhaiL thaawtF naahmHpoached egg
ä¢èÅ͹éÓkhaiL laawyM naahmHpoached egg
¤Å×è¹ãµé¹éÓkhleuunF dtaiF naahmHundercurrent (of discontent, for example)
¤Å×è¹ãµé¹éÓkhleuunF dtaiF naahmHunderwater waves; undercurrent; undertow
¤Ù¹éÓ khuuM naahmHirrigation ditch; drainage ditch
à¤Ã×èͧªÑè§¹éÓ˹ѡkhreuuangF changF naahmH nakLa scale, a balance
à¤Ã×èͧ´×èÁàÃÕ¡¹éÓÂèÍÂ
khreuuangF deuumL riiakF naahmH yaawyF
aperatif
à¤Ã×èͧÊÙº¹éÓ khreuuangF suupL naahmHwater pump
⨹¹éÓjohnM naahmHto jump in the water
«Ñ¡¹éÓsakH naahmHto launder in water (as opposed to dry cleaning)
à´Ô¹¹éÓdeernM naahmHto walk on water
µèÍÁ¹éÓàËÅ×ͧdtaawmL naahmH leuuangRlymph glands
µÙé¹éÓàÂç¹dtuuF naahmH yenMcold water dispenser
âµêÐÇÒ§ªØ´¹éÓªÒ¡Òá¿dtoH waangM chootH naahmH chaaM gaaM faaeMcoffe or tea service set, serving tray
¶Ñ§à¡çº¹éÓthangR gepL naahmHwater tank
¶Ñ§¹éÓthangR naahmHpail; bucket; cistern
¶Ñ§¾Ñ¡¹éÓthangR phakH naahmHcoolant recovery tank
¶Ø§¹éÓthoongR naahmHcyst
·è͹éÓthaawF naahmHdrain
·èÍÃкÒ¹éÓthaawF raH baayM naahmHdrain
·Ò§¹éÓäËÅthaangM naahmH laiRwaterway; water route
·Õè¨èÒ¹éӴѺà¾ÅÔ§ theeF jaayL naahmH dapL phleerngMfire hydrant
·Õè´×èÁ¹éÓtheeF deuumL naahmHwater drinking fountain
·Õè»Ñ´¹éÓ½¹theeF bpatL naahmH fohnRwindshield wiper
à·¹éÓà··èÒthaehM naahmH thaehM thaaFgangbusters; like crazy
á·ç§¤ì¹éÓthaeng[k]M naahmHtank
¹éӡônahmH grohtL[chemistry] a liquid acid
¹éÓ¡ÃèÍÂnaahmH graawyLbrackish water
¹éÓ¡ÃдéÒ§naahmH graL daangFhard water
¹éÓ¡ÃÐÊÒÂnaahmH graL saayRinactive liquid substrate of a medicine
¹éÓ¡ÅÑè¹naahmH glanLdistilled water
¹éÓ¡êÍ¡naahmH gaawkHtap water
¹éӡзÔnaahmH gaL thiHcoconut milk
¹éÓ¡ÒÁnaahmH gaamMsemen; sperm
¹éÓ¡Ô¹naahmH ginMdrinking water
¹éÓà¡Å×ÍnaahmH gleuuaMsaline solution; salt water; brine
¹éÓá¡§nahmH gaaengMsoup, the liquid part of curry
¹éӢǴnaahmH khuaatLsoft drink; carbonated drink
¹éӢǴnaahmH khuaatLbottled watter
¹éÓ¢ÒÇnaahmH khaaoRfermented liquor made of rice and sugar, which, when distilled, mades rice whisky
¹éÓ¢éÒÇnahmH khaaoFgruel obtained as a by-product when rice is drycooked
¹éÓ¢Ô§nahmH khingRginger ale; ginger beer
¹éÓá¢ç§nahmH khaengRice
¹éÓ¤ÃÖè§á¡éÇ naahmH khreungF gaaeoFglass half full
¹éÓ¤ÅͧnaahmH khlaawngMcanal water
¹éÓ¤éÒ§nahmH khaangHdew
¹éÓ¤éÒ§á¢ç§naahmH khaangH khaengRfrost
¹éÓ¤Òà¹×éÍnaahmH khaaM neuuaHedema
¹éÓ¤ÒÇ»ÅÒnaahmH khaaoM bplaaMwaste water after washing fish
¹éÓà¤çÁnahmH khemMbrine; salt water
¹éÓà¤ÂnaahmH kheeuyMshrimp paste
¹éÓâ¤Å¹nahmH khlohnMslosh; mud water
¹éÓà§Ô¹nahmH ngernMnavy blue
ÊÕ¹éÓà§Ô¹seeR nahmH ngernMthe color navy blue    
¹éÓà§Õè¹naahmH ngiianFsemen
¹éÓ¨ÔéÁnahmH jimFdipping sauce
¹éӨ״naahmH jeuutLfresh water
¹éÓàª×éÍnaahmH cheuuaHsemen
¹éÓàª×èÍÁnahmH cheuuamFsyrup
¹éÓ«ÒÇ¢éÒÇnaahmH saaoM khaaoFwashings from uncooked rice containing valuable plant food
¹éÓâ«´ÒnaahmH sohM daaMsoda water
¹éÓ´ÔºnaahmH dipLunboiled water
¹éÓ´ÕnahmH deeMgall (the body fluid)
¹éÓ´×èÁnaahmH deuumLdrinking water
¹éÓà´×Í´naahmH deuuatLboiling water
¹éÓµéÁnaahmH dtohmFboiled water
¹éÓµêͧnaahmH dtaawngHthe act of male masturbation
¹éӵѺnaahmH dtapLa sausage filled with entrails; (almost like) haggis
¹éÓµÒnahmH dtaaMa tear (of the eye); tears
¹éÓµÒÅnahmH dtaanMsugar
ÊÕ¹éÓµÒÅseeR nahmH dtaanMthe color brown    
¹éÓµÒÅnahmH dtaanM[a dog, cat, or pet's name or nickname] brown; sugar
¹éÓµÒÅnahmH dtaanM[a common Thai female nickname]
¹éÓµÒÅnahmH dtaanM[general, of color, in color] brown
¹éÓµÒŻ֡naahmH dtaanM bpeukLpalm sugar in the form of cakes
¹éÓµÒÅàÁÒnaahmH dtaanM maoMpalm rum
¹éÓàµéÒËÙénahmH dtaoF huuFsoy milk
¹éÓᵡáÅéÇá¡·Ò§naahmH dtaaekL laaeoH yaaekF thaangM"cum and part", a one-night stand, quickie
¹éÓãµé´Ô¹naahmH dtaiF dinMunderground water
¹éÓ·èÇÁnaahmH thuaamFflood; to flood; flooded
¹éÓ·ÐàÅnaahmH thaH laehMsea water
¹éÓ·èÒnaahmH thaaFriver water
¡ÅéǹéÓä·ÂgluayF naahmH thaiM[a species of] small fragrant banana
¹éÓºèÍnaahmH baawLwell water
¹éÓºÒ´ÒÅnaahmH baaM daanMartesian well water
¹éÓ»ÃлÒnaahmH bpraL bpaaMtap water
¹éÓ»ÃÐÊÒ¹naahmH bpraL saanRsoldering flux
¹éÓ»ÅÒnahmH bplaaMfish sauce
¹éÓ»Ù¹ãÊnaahmH bpuunM saiRslaked lime water [see notes]
¹éÓà»ç¹¾ÔÉnaahmH bpenM phitHpolluted water
¹éÓà»ÅèÒnaahmH bplaaoLplain drinking water
¹éÓ¼ÅäÁénaahmH phohnR laH maaiHfruit juice
¹éÓ¼Öé§nahmH pheungFhoney
¹éÓ½¹naahmH fohnRrain water; cistern water
¹éÓ¾ÃÔ¡nahmH phrikHwatery sauce of shrimp paste and chili, used as a condiment with Thai dishes such as fish
¹éÓ¾ÃÔ¡¡Ð»ÔnaahmH phrikH gaL bpiLshrimp sauce
¹éÓ¾ØnaahmH phooHfountain; spring; water burbling out of the ground
¹éÓ¾ØÃé͹ naahmH phooH raawnHgeyser
¹éÓÁ¹µìnahmH mohn[d]Mlustral water; holy water
¹éÓÁ¹µÃìnahmH mohn[dr]Mlustral water; holy water
¹éÓÁÐà¢×Íà·ÈnaahmH maH kheuuaR thaehtFtomato juice
¹éÓÁѹnahmH manMoil; gasoline; fuel
¹éÓÁÙ¡nahmH muukFmucus; mucous; snot
¹éÓàÁÒnaahmH maoMintoxicating liquid (i.e. liquor)
¹éÓÂÒnahmH yaaM[assorted types of] liquid cleaner
¹éÓÂÒ·ÒàÅçºnahmH yaaM thaaM lepHnail polish
¹éÓàÂÕèÂÇnahmH yiaaoFpee; urine
¹éÓÃé͹naahmH raawnHhot water
¹éÓÃÑ¡naahmH rakH[idiom for] semen [used, for example, in Thai romance novels]
¹éÓáÃènahmH raaeFmineral water
¹éÓÅÒÂnaahmH laayMsaliva; spit
¹éÓàÅÕé§naahmH liiangHnutrient; nutriment; nourishing food; food
¹éÓǹnaahmH wohnMa whirlpool
¹éÓÊéÁnahmH sohmFvinegar
¡Ã´¹éÓÊéÁgrohtL nahmH sohmFacetic acid
¹éÓÊÅÑ´naahmH saL latLsalad dressing; mayonnaise
¹éÓàÊÕÂnaahmH siiaRpolluted water
¹éÓË¡naahmH hohkLto spill water
¹éÓËÁÖ¡nahmH meukLink
¹éÓËÅèÍÅ×è¹naahmH laawL leuunFlubricant
¹éÓËÇÒ¹naahmH waanRsoft drink; soda
¹éÓËÍÁ nahmH haawmRcologne; aftershave; perfume
¹éÓà˧×èÍnaahmH ngeuuaLperspiration; sweat
¹éÓͺnaahmH ohpLcologne; perfume
¹éÓÍÊØ¨ÔnaahmH aL sooL jiLsemen
¹éÓÍÍ¡naahmH aawkLejaculate (male discharge); to ejaculate
¹éÓÍÑ´ÅÁnahmH atL lohmMsoft drink; pop; soda
ºè͹Å͹éÓbaawnL laawyM naahmHcasino aboard a ship
ºè͹éÓbaawL naahmHpond; water well
»ÃдҹéÓbpraL daaM naahmHunderwater diving
»ÃÐËÂÑ´¹éÓbpraL yatL naahmHconserve water
»×¹©Õ´¹éÓbpeuunM cheetL naahmHwater pistol; squirt gun
¾ÃÒ¹éÓphraayM naahmH(air) bubble in water
¾Åѧ§Ò¹¹éÓphaH langM ngaanM naahmHwater power
¾Åѧ¹éÓphaH langM naahmHhydroelectric power; water power
¾Ô¸Õ¨ØèÁ¹éÓphiH theeM joomL naahmHa (water) baptism ceremony
¾Ô¸Õô¹éÓphiH theeM rohtH naahmHwedding ceremony
ÀÒÉÒ¹éÓ¹ÁphaaM saaR naahmH nohmMlanguage; one’s mother tongue
ÁéÒ¹éÓmaaH naahmHsea horse
àÁÒËÑÇÃÒ¹éÓmaoM huaaR raaM naahmH[is] dead drunk; extremely drunk
ÂÒá¡éä͹éÓ yaaM gaaeF aiM naahmHcough syrup
ô¹éÓ rohtH naahmHwater the yard, garden, lawn, or plants
öºÃ÷ء¹éÓ rohtH banM thookH naahmHwater truck
Ãͧ¹éÓraawngM naahmHto collect water (by putting a receptacle below)
ÃÒ§¹éÓraangM naahmHguide
ÃÒ§¹éÓ½¹raangM naahmH fohnRgutter
áô¹éÓraaetF naahmHhippopotamus
âä¡ÅÑǹéÓrohkF gluaaM naahmHhydrophobia; rabies
ÅéÒ§¹éÓlaangH naahmHto rinse with water
Åéҧ˹éÒ´éǹéÓlaangH naaF duayF naahmHto rinse one's face
ÅÙ¡â»è§¹éÓluukF bpohngL naahmHwater balloon
ʡչéÓsaL geeM naahmHwater ski
ÊÁ¹éÓÊÁà¹×éÍsohmR naahmH sohmR neuuaHto deserve; to merit
ÊÃйéÓsaL naahmHpond
ÊÃйéÓsaL naahmHlake
ÊÐà·Ô¹¹éÓÊÐà·Ô¹º¡saL theernM naahmH saL theernM bohkLamphibian
ÊѵÇì¹éÓsat[w]L naahmHaquatic animal
ÊѵÇì¹éӨӾǡÁÕà»Å×Í¡
sat[w]L naahmH jahmM phuaakF meeM bpleuuakL
shellfish
Êѹ»Ñ¹¹éÓsanR bpanM naahmHwatershed; water parting
ÊÒÁ¢ÒÊÓËÃѺÇÒ§¡Ò¹éÓsaamR khaaR sahmR rapL waangM gaaM naahmHtrivet, a three-legged stand made of metal used for supporting cooking vessels in a hearth
ÊÒ¹éÓsaayR naahmHa current in the sea or ocean, flowing water of a stream
ÊÙº¹éÓsuupL naahmHto pump a liquid
ËÁé͹éÓmaawF naahmHradiator; boiler
ËÁé͹éÓö¹µìmaawF naahmH rohtH yohn[d]Mautomobile radiator
ËÂÒ´¹éÓ¤éÒ§yaatL naahmH khaangH[informal name of] the Thai glyph
Ëéǧ¹éÓhuaangF nahmHwater reservoir
Ëéͧ¹éÓhaawngF naahmHrestroom; bathroom; toilet; washroom; lavatory; head; can
ËÑÇ¡êÍ¡¹éÓhuaaR gaawkH naahmHfaucet; water faucet
ËÔǹéÓhiuR naahmHthirsty
áËÅè§¹éÓ¡ÅÒ§·ÐàÅ·ÃÒÂlaengL naahmH glaangM thaH laehM saayMoasis
Í´¢éÒÇÍ´¹éÓohtL khaaoF ohtL naahmH[is] starving
ÍÂÒ¡¹éÓyaakL naahmHto thirst
ÍèÒ§à¡çº¹éÓaangL gepL naahmHcistern; reservoir
ÍèÒ§¹éÓaangL naahmHbathtub
ÍÒº¹éÓaapL naahmHto bathe; to take a bath; to take a shower; to swim
¨ÐÍÒº¹éÓjaL aapL naahmHwill bathe
¡ÓÅѧÍÒº¹éÓgahmM langM aapL naahmHis bathing
µéͧÍÒº¹éÓdtaawngF aapL naahmHmust bathe
¤ÇÃÍÒº¹éÓkhuaanM aapL naahmHshould bathe
¨ÐµéͧÍÒº¹éÓjaL dtaawngF aapL naahmHwill have to bathe
ÍÒºà˧×è͵èÒ§¹éÓaapL ngeuuaL dtaangL naahmHmake a living by hard labor
ÍÒºà˧×è͵èÒ§¹éÓaapL ngeuuaL dtaangL naahmHvery hard and exhausting
ÍÒËÒÃàÃÕ¡¹éÓÂèÍÂaaM haanR riiakF naahmH yaawyFrelish, the condiment made from diced pickles
ÍÙè¹éÓuuL naahmHwet dock
âÍè§¹éÓohngL naahmHcistern; water jar (huge jar for storing water at Thai homes)
ä͹éÓaiM naahmHsteam
sample
sentences
¡êÍ¡ã¹Ëéͧ¹éÓàÊÕ µéͧµÒÁªèÒ§ÁÒ«èÍÁ
gaawkH naiM haawngF naahmH siiaR dtaawngF dtaamM changF maaM sawmF
"The faucet in the bathroom is broken; we need to find a plumber to fix it."
¡Ñ¡¹éÓäÇéà¼×èÍáÅé§
gakL naahmH waiH pheuuaL laaengH
"Save some water for use during the dry season."
¡Ô¹¹éÓãµéÈÍ¡
ginM naahmH dtaiF saawkL
"To play second fiddle." — "To have to be satisfied with the crumbs from a rich man's table."
¡Ô¹¹éÓà¼×èÍáÅé§
ginM naahmH pheuuaL laaengH
"To keep something for a rainy day."
à¢ÒàÊÕÂà˧×èÍÁÒ¡ ¨Ö§´×èÁ¹éÓà¢éÒä»¶Ö§Êͧ¢Ç´
khaoR siiaR ngeuuaL maakF jeungM deuumL naahmH khaoF bpaiM theungR saawngR khuaatL
"He lost lost a lot of sweat; so he drank two full bottles of water."
ªÒÇ»ÃÐÁ§àÍÒÊѵÇ캡ä»ÅèÍÊѵÇì¹éÓ
chaaoM bpraL mohngM aoM sat[w]L bohkL bpaiM laawF sat[w]L naahmH
Fishermen use terrestrial animals to delude aquatic animals.
ãªé¹éÓàÂç¹à¢éÒÅÙº
chaiH naahmH yenM khaoF luupF
to talk or persuade diplomatically
µÑ¡¹éÓôµÍ
dtakL naahmH rohtH dtaawM
"To talk to a brick wall." — "Water off a duck's back."
¹éÓ¡ÅÔ駺¹ãººÍ¹
naahmH glingF bohnM baiM baawnM
"A rolling stone gathers no moss."
¹éÓ¢Öé¹ãËéÃÕºµÑ¡
naahmH kheunF haiF reepF dtakL
"Gather ye rosebuds while ye may, old Time is still a-flying; and this same flower that smiles today, tomorrow will be dying." — "Carpe diem." — "Hoist your sail when the wind is fair." — "Make hay while the sun shines."
¹éÓàªÕèÂÇÍÂèÒ¢ÇÒ§àÃ×Í
naahmH chiaaoF yaaL khwaangR reuuaM
"Better bend than break." — "It is ill striving against the stream." — "Don't try crossing the river if the current's strong." — "Don't piss into the wind."
¹éÓ·èÇÁ»Ò¡
naahmH thuaamF bpaakL
[Thai idiom meaning to be unable to speak or to be mouth-shut by an overwhelming influence; to be rendered speechless due to an imminent influence or one's own fear]
¹éÓ¹éÍÂÂèÍÁá¾éä¿
naahmH naawyH yaawmF phaaeH faiM
"If you don't have a lot of water, don't try putting out a fire."
¹éÓ¹Ôè§äËÅÅÖ¡
naahmH ningF laiR leukH
"Still waters run deep."
¹éÓÁÒ»ÅÒ¡Ô¹Á´ ¹éÓÅ´Á´¡Ô¹»ÅÒ
naahmH maaM bplaaM ginM mohtH naahmH lohtH mohtH ginM bplaaM
"When the water rises the fish eat the ants; when the water falls the ants eat the fish."
¹éÓÃé͹»ÅÒà»ç¹ ¹éÓàÂç¹»ÅÒµÒÂ
naahmH raawnH bplaaM bpenM naahmH yenM bplaaM dtaayM
"Flies are easily caught with honey." — "It's easier to catch flies with honey than with vinegar."
¹éÓ˹éÒÍÂèÒ§à¢Òã¤Ã¨Ðàª×èÍ
naahmH naaF yaangL khaoR khraiM jaL cheuuaF
"Who would believe the likes of him?"
ºÑÇäÁèãËéªéÓ ¹éÓäÁèãË風è¹
buaaM maiF haiF chahmH naahmH maiF haiF khoonL
"Think before you speak." — "Think twice, then speak, the old proverb doth say; yet fools their bolts will quickly shoot away."
¾Ç¡à¢ÒÂèÍÁÍèÒ¹à¢Õ¹ÀÒÉÒÁÅÒÂÙ¶Ôè¹ä´é à¾ÃÒÐà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒ¹éÓ¹Á¢Í§à¢Òàͧ
phuaakF khaoR yaawmF aanL khiianR phaaM saaR maH laaM yuuM thinL daiF phrawH bpenM phaaM saaR naahmH nohmM khaawngR khaoR aehngM
"They are able to read and write the local Malay language because it is their mother tongue."
äÁèàËç¹¹éӵѴ¡Ãк͡ äÁèàË繡ÃÐÃÍ¡¡è§Ë¹éÒäÁé
maiF henR naahmH dtatL graL baawkL maiF henR graL raawkF gohngL naaF maaiH
"Don't count your chickens before they are hatched. " — "Don't sell the bear skin before you have caught the bear."
àÃ×èͧÃéÒ·ÕèÇèÒ¨Õ¹µ¡¹éÓµÒÂà»ç¹¤ÇÒÁ¨ÃÔ§
reuuangF raayH theeF waaF jeenM dtohkL naahmH dtaayM bpenM khwaamM jingM
This awful story which stated that the Chinese person drowned is indeed true.
àÅ×Í´¢é¹¡ÇèÒ¹éÓ
leuuatF khohnF gwaaL naahmH
"Blood is thicker than water."
ʶҹÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×ͤÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡Ê¶Ò¹·Õè àªè¹ º¹ ÅèÒ§ à˹×Í ãµé ã¡Åé ä¡Å º¡ ¹éÓ ºéÒ¹ »èÒ ÏÅÏ
saL thaanR naH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL saL thaanR theeF chehnF bohnM laangF neuuaR dtaiF glaiF glaiM bohkL naahmH baanF bpaaL
“Locational modifiers” are those that enhance words to indicate location, for example, “over,” “under,” “above,” “below,” “near,” “far,” “on land,” “on the water,” “at home,” “in the forest,” etc.
Ê͹¨ÃÐà¢éÇèÒ¹éÓ
saawnR jaL raH khehF waayF naahmH
"[lit.] "To teach a crocodile how to swim." — "Bring coals to Newcastle" — to perform a useless task."
Ê͹¨ÃÐà¢éãËéÇèÒ¹éÓ
saawnR jaL raH khehF haiF waayF naahmH