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1.  [adverb]
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| definition |
before; earlier; time gone by; prior to; in advance of; ahead of time; previously; formerly; initially; beforehand; firstly
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| examples | ¡è͹¡Ó˹´  | gaawnL gahmM nohtL | early; before an appointed time; premature |
| ¡è͹·Õè | gaawnL theeF | before |
| ¡è͹Áѹ¨Ð¡Ñ´¤¹ | gaawnL manM jaL gatL khohnM | Before it bites someone, |
| ¡è͹àÇÅÒ | gaawnL waehM laaM | early; before the time |
| ¡è͹˹éÒ¹Õé | gaawnL naaF neeH | former times |
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| ¡è͹Í×è¹ | gaawnL euunL | first of all, first and foremost |
| ¤ÃÑ駡è͹ | khrangH gaawnL | last time |
| ¤ÅÍ´¡è͹¡Ó˹´ | khlaawtF gaawnL gahmM nohtL | premature birth |
| ¤Ô´Åèǧ˹éÒäÇé¡è͹ | khitH luaangF naaF waiH gaawnL | to premeditate; premeditated |
| ¡ÒäԴÅèǧ˹éÒäÇé¡è͹ | gaanM khitH luaangF naaF waiH gaawnL | premeditation |
¤Ø³¤ÇõÃǨ´ÙÂÍ´à§Ô¹ã¹ºÑªÕ¤Ø³¡è͹(ÇèÒÁÕà·èÒäËÃè)khoonM khuaanM dtruaatL duuM yaawtF ngernM naiM banM cheeM khoonM gaawnL waaF meeM thaoF raiL"You should check the balance in your account first (to see how much you have)" |
| ªÔ§ÊØ¡¡è͹ËèÒÁ | chingM sookL gaawnL haamL | to act prematurely; to do something before its time. |
| à´×͹¡è͹ | deuuanM gaawnL | last month |
| áµè¡è͹ | dtaaeL gaawnL | before now; previously; formerly; in the past |
| áµè¡ÒÅ¡è͹ | dtaaeL gaanM gaawnL | early |
| 㹤ÃÑ駡è͹ | naiM khrangH gaawnL | sometime |
| »Ò§¡è͹ | bpaangM gaawnL | previously |
| »Õ¡è͹ | bpeeM gaawnL | last year; a year in the past |
| ÁÒ¡è͹ | maaM gaawnL | [placed at the end of a sentence to indicate past tense; used with the auxiliary verb à¤Â ] |
| àÁ×èÍ¡è͹ | meuuaF gaawnL | formerly; previously; before; earlier |
| àÁ×èÍà´×͹¡è͹ | meuuaF deuuanM gaawnL | last month; in a prior month; in a month gone by |
| àÁ×èÍÇѹ¡è͹ | meuuaF wanM gaawnL | some days ago; the other day |
| àÁ×èÍÍÒ·ÔµÂì¡è͹ | meuuaF aaM thit[y]H gaawnL | last week |
äÁèà¤Â¾ºàËç¹ÁÒ¡è͹㹪ÕÇÔµmaiF kheeuyM phohpH henR maaM gaawnL naiM cheeM witHhave never encountered before in life; have a unique experience |
| Çѹ¡è͹ | wanM gaawnL | day before |
| È¡¡è͹ | sohkL gaawnL | former times; past years |
| ÊÁÑ¡è͹ | saL maiR gaawnL | in former times; formerly; in olden days; in the old days |
| ÊÔ·¸Ô¼èҹ仡è͹ | sitL thiH phaanL bpaiM gaawnL | priority (in driving) |
| àÊÕ¡è͹ | siiaR gaawnL | first; beforehand |
| ÍÒ·ÔµÂì¡è͹ | aaM thit[y]H gaawnL | last week |
sample
sentences | ¡ÃÐáÊ¢èÒÇ·ÕèÍÍ¡ÁÒ·ÓãËé¾Ãä·Ñé§Êͧ¾Ãäµéͧ¿Ñ§¡è͹µÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨à¢éÒÃèÇÁÃÑ°ºÒÅgraL saaeR khaaoL theeF aawkL maaM thahmM haiF phakH thangH saawngR phakH dtaawngF fangM gaawnL dtatL sinR jaiM khaoF ruaamF ratH thaL baanM"The information that emerged caused both parties to listen before making a decision regarding joining in the government." |
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¡è͹¨Ð仡Թ¢éÒÇáÅéÇÅèÐgaawnL jaL bpaiM ginM khaaoF laaeoH laF"I should have eaten already." |
¡è͹¼Á仼ÁäÁèä´éÃѺ¨´ËÁÒ¢ͧ¤Ø³gaawnL phohmR bpaiM phohmR maiF daiF rapH johtL maayR khaawngR khoonM"Before I left, I did not receive your letter." |
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¤¹¨Õ¹¡Ô¹¢éÒÇ´éÇ¡ÒáԹ¡Ñºà»ÅèÒæ ¡è͹ à¾×èÍÃÙéÃʢͧ¡ÑºÍÂèÒ§àµçÁ·ÕèkhohnM jeenM ginM khaaoF duayF gaanM ginM gapL bplaaoL bplaaoL gaawnL pheuuaF ruuH rohtH khaawngR gapL yaangL dtemM theeFChinese people consume their meals by first eating their prepared dishes without rice in order to get the full taste of the dish. |
¤¹´Õà´ÕëÂǹÕéäÁèàËÁ×͹¡Ñº¤¹´Õáµè¡è͹khohnM deeM diaaoR neeH maiF meuuanR gapL khohnM deeM dtaaeL gaawnLA good person at present is not like a good person in the past. |
¤èÍÂãªé¤é͹¢¹Ò´àËÁÒÐÁ×ͧ͢ªèÒ§µºáµè§ãËéä´éÅѡɳРâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂàµÒà¼ÒãËéàËÅç¡Íè͹µÑÇ¡è͹µÕàªè¹¡Ñ¹khaawyF chaiH khaawnH khaL naatL mawL meuuM khaawngR changF dtohpL dtaengL haiF daiF lakH saL naL dooyM aaM saiR dtaoM phaoR haiF lekL aawnL dtuaaM gaawnL dteeM chehnF ganMLittle by little, hammers of various appropriate sizes are used and the blade smith obtains the correct characteristics (of the knife) with the kiln softening the metal each time before it is hammered. |
§Ò¹à¢éÒÁÒ¨¹Åé¹·ÓäÁè·Ñ¹ à»ç¹¤ÇÒÁÁËÑȨÃÃÂì·ÕèäÁèà¤Â¾ºàËç¹ÁÒ¡è͹㹪ÕÇÔµngaanM khaoF maaM johnM lohnH thahmM maiF thanM bpenM khwaamM maH hatL jan[y]M theeF maiF kheeuyM phohpH henR maaM gaawnL naiM cheeM witH"The work is coming in so fast that we cannot keep up; it is an amazing situation that we have never encountered before in our lives." |
©Ñ¹¹Í¹¡è͹ ©Ñ¹¨Ö§µ×è¹àªéÒchanR naawnM gaawnL chanR jeungM dteuunL chaaoHI went to sleep before [it happened], so I woke up early. |
áµèàÃÒµéͧ¡ÅѺÁÒà»ÅÕ蹪ش¡è͹dtaaeL raoM dtaawngF glapL maaM bpliianL chootH gaawnL[a discussion prior to swimming] "But we'll have to go back home and change our clothes first." |
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¼Á¤Ô´ÇèÒ ¼ÁäÁèà¤ÂàËç¹Ã¶¤Ñ¹¹Ñé¹·Õè¹ÕèÁÒ¡è͹àÅÂphohmR khitH waaF phohmR maiF kheeuyM henR rohtH khanM nanH theeF neeF maaM gaawnL leeuyM[spoken by a male] "I don’t think that car has ever been here before." |
à¼ÒàËÅç¡ãËéá´§©Ò¹¡è͹¹ÓÁÒµÕº¹·Ñè§àËÅç¡´éǤé͹ø»Í¹´ìphaoR lekL haiF daaengM chaanR gaawnL nahmM maaM dteeM bohnM thangF lekL duayF khaawnH bpaaetL bpaawn[d]M(The blade smith) would heat the metal until it was bright red prior to it being taken to the metal anvil for beating with an eight pound hammer; |
ÁÒ¡è͹ä¡èmaaM gaawnL gaiL"Come before the chicken." — to arrive very early in the morning." |
ÁÕ˹͹ºè͹äÊé áͺ¹ÓÊӹǹä»à»Ô´à¼ÂãËé¼Ùé¶Ù¡¡ÅèÒÇËÒÃѺÃÙé¡è͹meeM naawnR baawnL saiF aaepL nahmM sahmR nuaanM bpaiM bpeertL pheeuyR haiF phuuF thuukL glaaoL haaR rapH ruuH gaawnL"We have a double agent who stealthily provides case files and reveals (such information) to the accused persons." |
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ÃÍà´ÕëÂÇ æ ¡è͹raawM diaaoR diaaoR gaawnL"Wait a moment." |
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ÍÂèÒªÔ§ÊØ¡¡è͹ËèÒÁyaaL chingM sookL gaawnL haamL"Early ripe, early rotten." |
ÍÂèÒµÕµ¹ä»¡è͹ä¢éyaaL dteeM dtohnM bpaiM gaawnL khaiF"To cross the bridge when you come to it." |
àÍÒÁÒãËé©Ñ¹´Ù¡è͹aoM maaM haiF chanR duuM gaawnL"Bring it and let me see it first." |
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2. [adverb]
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| definition |
[placed after a verb] temporarily, a while, a few seconds, a moment
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| examples | ¢Í©Ñ¹¤Ô´¡è͹ | khaawR chanR khitH gaawnL | let me think... |
| ¤Ô´¡è͹ | khitH gaawnL | let me think first |
| àªÔ¡è͹ | cheernM gaawnL | "please go before" — "after you" |
| à´ÕëÂÇ¡è͹ | diaaoR diaaoR gaawnL | "Please wait." — "Just a minute." — "Wait for a moment." |
| ºÍ¡¡è͹ | baawkL gaawnL | (I’ll) tell (you) beforehand; Tell me first (and I’ll tell you) |
| ½Ò¡äÇé¡è͹ | faakL waiH gaawnL | to let a debt or account ride |
| ¾Íá¤è¹Õé¡è͹¹Ð | phaawM khaaeF neeH gaawnL naH | goodbye (said on telephone) |
| ÅÒ¡è͹ | laaM gaawnL | goodbye; bye |
| Çѹ¹Õéá¤è¹Õé¡è͹ | wanM neeH khaaeF neeH gaawnL | that's all for now; that's it for today |
| ËÂØ´¡è͹ | yootL gaawnL | [used with both a person or horse] whoa! |
sample
sentences | ¡ÅѺ仺éÒ¹¡è͹´Õ¡ÇèÒglapL bpaiM baanF gaawnL deeM gwaaL"I had better go home first." |
ã¡Åé¶Ö§àÇÅÒÊè§ÃÒ§ҹáÅéÇ à¢Ò¨Ö§ÅÍ¡º·¤ÇÒÁã¹¹ÔµÂÊÒÃÊ觤ÃÙà¾×è͢ѴµÒ·Ñ¾ä»¾ÅÒ§ æ ¡è͹glaiF theungR waehM laaM sohngL raayM ngaanM laaeoH khaoR jeungM laawkF bohtL khwaamM naiM nitH dtaL yaH saanR sohngL khruuM pheuuaF khatL dtaaM thapH bpaiM phlaangM phlaangM gaawnL"As the due date for the report is drawing near, he resorts to a quick fix by copying an article from a magazine to turn it in." |
´Ù¡è͹duuM gaawnL[Ancient] "Look!" — "Behold!" |
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3. ÁÒ¡è͹ maaM gaawnL [prefix, adverb]
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| definition |
in advance; previously; [Thai suffix corresponding to the English prefix] "pre-"
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| example | äÁèÁÕ¡ÒÃÇҧἹÁÒ¡è͹ | maiF meeM gaanM waangM phaaenR maaM gaawnL | unplanned; impromptu; impromptu; unprepared; ad-lib; extemporaneous; improvised; offhand; off the cuff (informal); spontaneous; unrehearsed; unscripted |
sample
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ËÒ¡ã¤ÃäÁèÃÙé¨Ò¡ÁÒ¡è͹ ¤§äÁèàª×èÍËÃÍ¡ÇèÒ á¡èà¤Âà»ç¹¤ÃÙ «éÓÊ׺àª×éÍÊÒ¼Ùé´ÕhaakL khraiM maiF ruuH jaakL maaM gaawnL khohngM maiF cheuuaF raawkL waaF gaaeL kheeuyM bpenM khruuM sahmH seuupL cheuuaH saayR phuuF deeM"Whoever hadn’t known him before probably wouldn’t believe that he had been a teacher, and from a wellborn family." |
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