thai-language.comInternet resource
for the Thai language
Lookup:

» more options here
F.A.Q.Check out the list of frequently asked questions for a quick answer to your inquiry!
•  e-mail the author
•  control panel
•  go to guestbook
•  guestbook archive
•  site news
•  site kudos
Browse
¡¢£¤¥
¦§¨©ª
«¬­®¯
°±²³´
µ·¸¹
º»¼½¾
¿ÀÁÂÃ
ÄÅÇÈÉ
ÊËÌÍÎ
Thanks for your
recent donations!

Jun 2, 2008:
Very many thanks to a
generous benefactor
for a major donation
Narisa N. $20
Dennis F. $10
Anderson K. H. $10
John Karl L. $50
Gavin K. $30
Sirintip M. $10
Anderson H. $10
David B. $10
William S. $10
Otto Y. $2
Philippe B. $30
Edna T. $10
William O. $70!
Dinh T. $10
E. Paulson $15
Daryl L. $5
Jeffrey W. $25
Simon W. $10
Norman H. $5
Get e-mail
Sign-up to join our mailing list. You'll receive email notification when this site is updated. Your privacy is guaranteed; this list is not sold, shared, or used for any other purpose. Click here for more information.

To unsubscribe, click here

Search Now:
In Association with Amazon.com
WelcomeLessonsDictionaryCategoriesReferenceMessage BoardsLinks and Frequently Asked QuestionsOnline Store

¶éÒ  thaaF
pronunciation guide
Phonemic Thai·èÒ
IPAtʰâː
Royal Thai General Systemtha

common Thai word   [conjunction]
definition
[indicating a condition] if

notesOften used with ÇèÒ 
related wordsÇèÒ waaFthat...; as... [see examples]
ËÒ¡ haakLallowing that; if
à¼×èÍ pheuuaLin case of; provided that; if; for; in case (that)
¤ÃÑé¹ khranHwhen (something occurs); if (something happened)
examples
¨ÐÃѧà¡Õ¨äËÁ¤ÃѺ ¶éÒ
jaL rangM giiatL maiR khrapH thaaF
"Would you mind if... ?"
à¨éÒ¹ÒÂà»ç¹¤¹µÃ§ ¶éÒÅÙ¡¹éͧ·Ó¼Ô´¡ç¨Ð¿Ñ¹·Ñ¹·Õ
jaoF naayM bpenM khohnM dtrohngM thaaF luukF naawngH thahmM phitL gawF jaL fanM thanM theeM
"My boss is very straightforward. If his employees make a mistake, he will deal with it immediately."
áµè¶éÒà»ç¹ÈѾ·ì·Ò§ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃËÃ×ÍÇÔÊÒÁҹ¹ÒÁãËéà¡çºäÇé·Ñé§ ò µÑÇ â´ÂãÊèà¤Ã×èͧËÁÒ·ѳ±¦ÒµäÇé·ÕèµÑÇ·éÒ àªè¹
dtaaeL thaaF bpenM sap[t]L thaangM wiH chaaM gaanM reuuR wiH saaR maanM yaH naamM haiF gepL waiH thangH saawngR dtuaaM dooyM saiL khreuuangF maayR thanM thaH khaatF waiH theeF dtuaaM thaayH chehnF
However, if such word is a technical term or is a proper noun, the double letters are retained and a silencer is placed over the second letter, for example:
áµèºÒ§·Õ¶éÒàÃÒä»à·ÕèÂÇã¹»èÒËÃ×Í·Øè§¹Òà»ÅÕèÂÇ æ àÃÒÍÒ¨¾º§ÙºéÒ§àËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹
dtaaeL baangM theeM thaaF raoM bpaiM thiaaoF naiM bpaaL reuuR thoongF naaM bpliaaoL bpliaaoL raoM aatL phohpH nguuM baangF meuuanR ganM
But sometimes if we go on a trip into the forest or remote crop field we might find a snake after all.
¶éÒ¤¹ã´¶Ù¡Áѹ¡Ñ´áÅÐËÒËÁÍÁÒªèÇÂäÁè·Ñ¹
thaaF khohnM daiM thuukL manM gatL laeH haaR maawR maaM chuayF maiF thanM
If a person is bitten and doesn't see a doctor expeditiously,
¶éҤӤسÈѾ·ì¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂÇèÒ "à¡ÕèÂÇ¢éͧ¡Ñº" ËÃ×Í "à¡ÕèÂÇà¹×èͧ¨Ò¡" ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁâ´Âãªé¤Ó»ÃСͺ àªÔ§ Ẻ ÍÂèÒ§ ·Ò§ ª¹Ô´ Ãкº ÏÅÏ áÅéÇáµè¤ÇÒÁËÁÒ àªè¹
thaaF khahmM khoonM sap[t]L nanH meeM khwaamM maayR waaF giaaoL khaawngF gapL reuuR giaaoL neuuangF jaakL khahmM naamM nanH haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM naamM dooyM chaiH khahmM bpraL gaawpL cheerngM baaepL yaangL thaangM chaH nitH raH bohpL laaeoH dtaaeL khwaamM maayR chehnF
If the adjective has the meaning of "concerning, involving" or "connected, related to" the noun should be transcribed in the noun form using a compound word (a combined Thai and English word) and the Thai connectors, àªÔ§  Ẻ  ÍÂèÒ§  ·Ò§  ª¹Ô´  Ãкº  and the like, depending on the particular meaning, for example:
¶éҤӤسÈѾ·ì¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂàËÁ×͹¤Ó¹ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇèÒ "à»ç¹¢Í§" ËÃ×Í "à»ç¹àÃ×èͧ¢Í§" ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁ àªè¹
thaaF khahmM khoonM sap[t]L nanH meeM khwaamM maayR meuuanR khahmM naamM reuuR maayR khwaamM waaF bpenM khaawngR reuuR bpenM reuuangF khaawngR khahmM naamM nanH haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM naamM chehnF
If the adjective has the same meaning as the associated noun, or carries the meaning of “is an element of” or “is about” the noun, the adjective should be transcribed in the same form as the noun, for example:
¶éÒ§Ñé¹thaaF nganHthen; in that case
¶éÒàªè¹¹Ñé¹thaaF chehnF nanHin such a case as that
¶éÒµéͧ¡ÒÃà¹é¹ÇèÒ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹à»ç¹ÊÔè§·ÕèÁÕËÅÒª¹Ô´áÅФӤسÈѾ·ì·Õè»ÃСͺà»ç¹ª¹Ô´Ë¹Ö觢ͧ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ÍÒ¨·ÑºÈѾ·ìâ´Âãªé¤Ó»ÃСͺ Ẻ ª¹Ô´ Ãкº ÏÅÏ ÁÒá·Ã¡äÇéÃÐËÇèÒ§¤Ó¹ÒÁ¡Ñº¤Ó¤Ø³ÈѾ·ì àªè¹
thaaF dtaawngF gaanM nehnH waaF khahmM naamM nanH bpenM singL theeF meeM laayR chaH nitH laeH khahmM khoonM sap[t]L theeF bpraL gaawpL bpenM chaH nitH neungL khaawngR khahmM naamM nanH aatL thapH sap[t]L dooyM chaiH khahmM bpraL gaawpL baaepL chaH nitH raH bohpL maaM saaekF waiH raH waangL khahmM naamM gapL khahmM khoonM sap[t]L chehnF
If one wishes to emphasize the fact that a particular noun is one of many elements in a series and the adjective associated with that noun is one of those elements, one may transcribe using a Thai combining word such as Ẻ  (model) ª¹Ô´  (kind or type) Ãкº  (method or system), such as:
¶éÒ·Ñ駤ӤسÈѾ·ìáÅФӹÒÁà»ç¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì·ÕèÂѧäÁè¶×Íà»ç¹¤Óä·Â ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÃ§µÒÁÈѾ·ìà´ÔÁ àªè¹
thaaF thangH khahmM khoonM sap[t]L laeH khahmM naamM bpenM khahmM thapH sap[t]L theeF yangM maiF theuuR bpenM khahmM thaiM haiF thapH sap[t]L dtrohngM dtaamM sap[t]L deermM chehnF
If both the adjective and the related noun are transcribed words neither of which are considered Thai words, they should be transcribed in the order of the original English words, for example:
¶éÒà»ç¹¤Ó·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàµÔÁ»Ñ¨¨Ñ àªè¹ -er, -ing, -ic, or –y áÅСÒ÷ѺÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡Äɴѧ¢éÍ ÷.ò ÍÒ¨·ÓãËéÍÍ¡àÊÕ§¼Ô´ä»¨Ò¡ÀÒÉÒà´ÔÁÁÒ¡ ãËé«é͹¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÑÇÊС´¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ìµé¹Íա˹Öè§à¾×èÍãËéàËç¹à¤éÒ¤Óà´ÔÁ àªè¹
thaaF bpenM khahmM theeF geertL jaakL gaanM dteermM bpatL jaiM chehnF -er, -ing, -ic, or –y laeH gaanM thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dangM khaawF aatL thahmM haiF aawkL siiangR phitL bpaiM jaakL phaaM saaR deermM maakF haiF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM saL gohtL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M dtohnF eekL neungL pheuuaF haiF henR khaaoH khahmM deermM chehnF
If the word is one which arises from the use of a suffix such as -er, -ing, -ic, or –y and the use of rule 7.2 above results in a sound significantly at variance with the original English word, one should double the final consonant in order to be able to recognize the source of the original word, for example:
¶éÒà¼×èÍÇèÒthaaF pheuuaL waaFproviding that...
¶éÒ¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð«é͹ÍÂÙè¡ÅÒ§ÈѾ·ìãËé¶×ÍÇèÒ ¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð«é͹µÑÇááà»ç¹µÑÇÊС´¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒ áÅоÂÑ­ª¹Ð«é͹µÑÇËÅѧà»ç¹¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ðµé¹¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ìµèÍä» ©Ð¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃãªé¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÑÇÊС´áÅоÂÑ­ª¹Ðµé¹ ¨ÐµèÒ§¡Ñ¹µÒÁËÅѡࡳ±ì¡ÒÃà·Õº¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ðã¹µÒÃÒ§¢éÒ§·éÒ àªè¹
thaaF phaH yanM chaH naH saawnH yuuL glaangM sap[t]L haiF theuuR waaF phaH yanM chaH naH saawnH dtuaaM raaekF bpenM dtuaaM saL gohtL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF laeH phaH yanM chaH naH saawnH dtuaaM langR bpenM phaH yanM chaH naH dtohnF khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M dtaawL bpaiM chaL nanH gaanM chaiH phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM saL gohtL laeH phaH yanM chaH naH dtohnF jaL dtaangL ganM dtaamM lakL gaehn[t]M gaanM thiiapF phaH yanM chaH naH naiM dtaaM raangM khaangF thaayH chehnF
If the double letters occur in the middle of the word, the rules are: the first letter of the double is the last consonant of the prior syllable and the second consonant is the initial of the next syllable. Therefore, the expression of the first and second letters of the double will differ according to the rules set forth in the Consonant Table, for example:
¶éÒáÁéÇèÒthaaF maaeH waaFeven if so...
¶éÒÇèÒthaaF waaFif it is (the) case (that..); provided that...; supposing (that...)
¶éÒÊÃТͧ¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà»ç¹ÊÃÐÍ×è¹·ÕèäÁèãªèÊÃÐÍÐ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉâ´ÂäÁèµéͧ«é͹¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð àªè¹
thaaF saL raL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF bpenM saL raL euunL theeF maiF chaiF saL raL aL haiF thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dooyM maiF dtaawngF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH chehnF
If the vowel associated with the first syllable is any vowel other than /-a-/, the consonant should be transcribed using the English consonant itself without doubling up the consonant, for example:
¶éÒÊÃТͧ¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà»ç¹àÊÕ§ÊÃÐÍÐ «Öè§àÁ×èͷѺÈѾ·ìµéͧãªéÃÙ»äÁéËѹÍÒ¡ÒÈ ãËé«é͹¾ÂÑ­ª¹ÐµÑÇÊС´¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà¢éÒÍÕ¡µÑÇ˹Öè§à¾×èÍà»ç¹¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ðµé¹¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ìµèÍä» àªè¹
thaaF saL raL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF bpenM siiangR saL raL aL seungF meuuaF thapH sap[t]L dtaawngF chaiH ruupF maaiH hanR aaM gaatL haiF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM saL gohtL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF khaoF eekL dtuaaM neungL pheuuaF bpenM phaH yanM chaH naH dtohnF khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M dtaawL bpaiM chehnF
If the vowel associated with the first syllable is an /-a-/ sound which uses the "stick turning in air" vowel in the transcription, one should double the transcribed consonant for use again as the initial consonant in the subsequent syllable, for example:
¶éÒËÒ¡thaaF haakLif
¶éÒËÒ¡ÇèÒthaaF haakL waaFin the event that...
¶éÒÍÂèÒ§¹Ñé¹thaaF yaangL nanHif so; if that's the case; if that's the way
¶éÒÍÂèÒ§¹ÕéthaaF yaangL neeHif so; if that's the case; if that's the way
¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð«é͹ ¤Ó·ÕèÁÕ¾ÂÑ­ª¹Ð«é͹à»ç¹µÑÇÊС´ ¶éÒà»ç¹ÈѾ·ì·ÑèÇä»ãËéµÑ´ÍÍ¡µÑÇ˹Öè§ àªè¹
phaH yanM chaH naH saawnH khahmM theeF meeM phaH yanM chaH naH saawnH bpenM dtuaaM saL gohtL thaaF bpenM sap[t]L thuaaF bpaiM haiF dtatL aawkL dtuaaM neungL chehnF
Double-letters: For English words which have double letters as finals, if such word is a common noun, one of the double letters is removed, for example:
sample
sentences
¡ÒÃÍÍ¡àÊÕ§»ÃЪÒÁµÔ¤§äÁèÍÒ¨ËÅÕ¡àÅÕè§ä´é¶éÒ¹Ò¡ÃѰÁ¹µÃÕÂѧÂ×¹¡ÃÒ¹ÍÂÙèàªè¹à´ÔÁ
gaanM aawkL siiangR bpraL chaaM maH dtiL khohngM maiF aatL leekL liiangF daiF thaaF naaM yohkH ratH mohnM dtreeM yangM yeuunM graanM yuuL chehnF deermM
"A plebiscite cannot be avoided if the Prime Minister continues to hold fast to his original position."
¤ÓÇÔàÈɳ쪹Դ¹Õé ¶éÒÁÕ¤Ó¹ÒÁËÃ×ÍÊÃþ¹ÒÁÁÒÃѺ¢éÒ§ËÅѧ ¹ÑºÇèÒà»ç¹¤ÓºØ¾º· àªè¹
khahmM wiH saeht[n]L chaH nitH neeH thaaF meeM khahmM naamM reuuR sapL phaH naamM maaM rapH khaangF langR napH waaF bpenM khahmM boopL phaH bohtL chehnF
With respect to this type of word, if there is a noun or a pronoun following it, the word will serve the function of a preposition, for example,
¨Ð´ÕÃÖà»ÅèÒ ¶éÒ¼Á»¯Ôàʸ
jaL deeM reuH bplaaoL thaaF phohmR bpaL dtiL saehtL
"Would it be o.k. if I refused?" — "Would it be o.k. if I said no?"
¨ÐÃѧà¡Õ¨äËÁ¤Ð ¶éÒ
jaL rangM giiatL maiR khaH thaaF
[polite request made by female] "Would you mind if I...?"
«×è͡ԹäÁèËÁ´¤´¡Ô¹äÁè¹Ò¹ ¶éÒÍÂÒ¡¡Ô¹¡Ñ¹¹Ò¹ æ ¡ÃØ³ÒÍÂèÒ¼ÅÒ­à§Ô¹áÁè¡Ù
seuuF ginM maiF mohtL khohtH ginM maiF naanM thaaF yaakL ginM ganM naanM naanM gaL rooH naaM yaaL phlaanR ngernM maaeF guuM
"If you don't want to end up burning all your bridges, then please stop pissing away all my mother's bloody money."
µéͧãËéâÍ¡ÒʡѺ·Ø¡½èÒÂä´éÁÕÊèǹÃèÇÁÍÂèÒ§àµçÁ·Õèà·èÒ·Õè¨Ð·Óä´é ¶éÒà¢ÒÂѧ´×éÍá¾è§»Ñ­ËÒ¨ÐÅØ¡ÅÒÁ
dtaawngF haiF ohM gaatL gapL thookH faayL daiF meeM suaanL ruaamF yaangL dtemM theeF thaoF theeF jaL thahmM daiF thaaF khaoR yangM deuuF phaaengF bpanM haaR jaL lookH laamM
"One must give each fraction a chance to fully participate to the extent that they are able to. If they are still disobedient, the problem will expand and spread out."
¶éÒà¢ÒÁÒàÁ×èÍäà â»Ã´ºÍ¡¼Á´éÇÂ
thaaF khaoR maaM meuuaF raiM bprohtL baawkL phohmR duayF
"Please inform me if and when he comes."
¶éÒã¤ÃáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁàË繹͡ÅÙè¹Í¡·Ò§¶×Íà»ç¹¤ÇÒÁàËç¹ÊèǹµÑÇ
thaaF khraiM saL daaengM khwaamM henR naawkF luuF naawkF thaangM theuuR bpenM khwaamM henR suaanL dtuaaM
"If anyone expresses a different or contrary position, it will be considered as a personal opinion."
¶éҨеͺÍÂèÒ§¡Ó»Ñ鹷غ´Ô¹ àÃÒËÅѺ¡çà¾ÃÒÐàÃÒ§èǧ
thaaF jaL dtaawpL yaangL gahmM bpanF thoopH dinM raoM lapL gawF phrawH raoM nguaangF
"If we were to answer you off the cuff, we would say that we fell asleep because we were sleepy."
¶éÒ·èÒ¹äÁè¨Ó¹¹áÅéÇä«Ãé àÃÒ¡ç¨Ðà¼Ò¹¤Ã¢Í§·èÒ¹ãËéáËÅ¡ÅÒ¹
thaaF thanF maiF jahmM nohnM laaeoH saiH raoM gawF jaL phaoR naH khaawnM khaawngR thanF haiF laaekL laanM
"If you do not surrender, we shall burn your city to the ground."
¶éÒ·Ó§Ò¹ÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ·Õè¨Óà»ç¹ÁÑ¡¨Ð¶Ù¡ÍÔ¨©ÒÃÔÉÂÒãÊèÃéÒ»éÒÂÊÕ
thaaF thahmM ngaanM maakF gwaaL theeF jahmM bpenM makH jaL thuukL itL chaaR ritH saL yaaR saiL raayH bpaayF seeR
"If you work more than is necessary, you will become the object of envy and slander."
¶éÒà»ç¹¾Ç¡ÁÕà§Ô¹ËÃ×;ǡºØ­Ë¹Ñ¡ÈÑ¡´ÔìãË­èÅÙ¡ËÅÒ¹¡çÍÒ¨¨Ð¿Ñ§ä´éà¾ÃÒÐà¡Ã§ã¨ã¹ÊÁºÑµÔ
thaaF bpenM phuaakF meeM ngernM reuuR phuaakF boonM nakL sakL yaiL luukF laanR gawF aatL jaL fangM daiF phrawH graehngM jaiM naiM sohmR batL
"If they are from the rich and powerful, their progeny may listen (to them) because they are concerned about their wealth."
¶éÒ¾Õè˹Öè§à»ç¹âÍ ¨Ò·ÓÁÒÂËÃͤÃèÒ
thaaF pheeF neungL bpenM ohM jaaM thahmM maayM raawR khraaF
"If you (Nung) were me (Oh), what would you do, then?"
¶éÒäÁèÁÕà¡ÉµÃ¡ÃâçÊÕ¡çäÁèÁռżÅÔµ ¼ÙéÊè§ÍÍ¡ËÃ×;èͤéÒ¤¹¡ÅÒ§¡çäÁèÁÕÍÒªÕ¾
thaaF maiF meeM gaL saeht[r]L gaawnM rohngM seeR gawF maiF meeM phohnR phaL litH phuuF sohngL aawkL reuuR phaawF khaaH khohnM glaangM gawF maiF meeM aaM cheepF
If there are no farmers or millers, there will be no production; exporters and middlemen will have no livelihood.
¶éÒàÃҺѭ­ÑµÔÈѾ·ìÍÐäÃ æ ¢Öé¹ÁÒ ¡ç¨Ð¢ÍãËé»ÃЪҪ¹·Ñé§»ÃÐà·Èà»ç¹¼Ùé·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´ã¹´éÒ¹ÀÒÉÒà»ç¹ÈѾ·ìºÑ­­ÑµÔ¡Ã¡Ñ¹·Ñ駪ҵÔËÃ×Íà»ç¹ÇÔ·ÂҡüÙé·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃÙé·Ñ駪ҵԡçäÁèä´é
thaaF raoM banM yatH sap[t]L aL raiM aL raiM kheunF maaM gawF jaL khaawR haiF bpraL chaaM chohnM thangH bpraL thaehtF bpenM phuuF theeF meeM khwaamM khitH naiM daanF phaaM saaR bpenM sap[t]L banM yatH gaawnM ganM thangH chaatF reuuR bpenM witH thaH yaaM gaawnM phuuF theeF meeM khwaamM ruuH thangH chaatF gawF maiF daiF
If we do create new words, we cannot ask that everyone in the country be thoughtful about language and serve as wordsmiths and as language experts.
¼Ô´¶Ù¡äÁèÇèÒáµè¶éÒäÁèàÃÔèÁáÅÐäÁèÅͧ ¡ç¨ÐäÁèä´é¼ÅàµçÁàÁç´àµçÁ˹èÇÂ
phitL thuukL maiF waaF dtaaeL thaaF maiF reermF laeH maiF laawngM gawF jaL maiF daiF phohnR dtemM metH dtemM nuayL
"Whether (I am) right or wrong (it does not make any difference), but if we do not begin, if we do not try, we will not attain our full objectives."
¼ÙéÊ×èÍ¢èÒǶÒÁÇèÒ... ¡ÒÃá¡é䢻ѭËÒÍÂèÒ§¹Õé¶éÒ¹Ò¡ÃѰÁ¹µÃÕäÁè»ÃѺ¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃ㹡ÒÃá¡é䢻ѭËÒ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹áÅÐÂѧ¤§à´Ô¹Ë¹éÒµèÍä» à˵ءÒóì¨ÐºÒ¹»ÅÒÂä»ÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ·Õèà»ç¹ÍÂÙèËÃ×ÍäÁè
phuuF seuuL khaaoL thaamR waaF gaanM gaaeF khaiR bpanM haaR yaangL neeH thaaF naaM yohkH ratH mohnM dtreeM maiF bprapL graL buaanM gaanM naiM gaanM gaaeF khaiR bpanM haaR theeF geertL kheunF laeH yangM khohngM deernM naaF dtaawL bpaiM haehtL gaan[n]M jaL baanM bplaayM bpaiM maakF gwaaL theeF bpenM yuuL reuuR maiF
"The reporters asked, 'In finding a solution to a problem like this, if the PM does not change the procedures for determining such a solution and continues on the current path, will the situation continue to escalate?' "
ÁÕ¢éͨӡѴ·Õèà¢ÒäÁèÊÒÁÒö»¯ÔºÑµÔµÒÁ¢éÍàÃÕ¡Ãéͧä´é «Öè§¶éÒÃѺ¿Ñ§ÍÂèÒ§¢Íä»·Õ ¡ç¹èÒà»ç¹Ëèǧ
meeM khaawF jahmM gatL theeF khaoR maiF saaR maatF bpaL dtiL batL dtaamM khaawF riiakF raawngH daiF seungF thaaF rapH fangM yaangL khaawR bpaiM theeM gawF naaF bpenM huaangL
"Due to existing limitations, they are not able to accede to the demands; however, if they do pay heed these demands merely in a perfunctory manner, there is real cause for concern."
͹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁäÁèªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹ àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×Í ÊÔè§¹Õé ÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ àªè¹ ã´ äà ä˹ ¡Õè ÍÐäà ·ÓäÁ ©Ñ¹ã´ àªè¹äà ÏÅÏ áµè¾Ö§ÊѧࡵÇèÒ ¤Ó¾Ç¡¹Õé¨ÐµéͧäÁèãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊÑ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ »Ä¨©ÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì µÑÇÍÂèÒ§
aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM maiF cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jahmM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL neeH singL nanH chehnF daiM raiM naiR geeL aL raiM thahmM maiM chanR daiM chehnF raiM dtaaeL pheungM sangR gaehtL waaF khahmM phuaakF neeH jaL dtaawngF maiF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR riiakF waaF bpritL chaaR wiH saeht[n]L dtuaaM yaangL
“Indefinite modifiers” are modifiers which express non-specificity or provide a delimiter that something is like this or that, or this thing or that thing; for example, the words “whatever,” “whichever,” “wherever,” “how,” “any,” “how many,” “which,” “why,” “why so ever,” and “how so ever.” However, one should observe that these words, in order to be indefinite modifiers, should not be used in interrogatory sentences or in sentences which indicate doubt; if these words are used in sentences which indicate interrogatories or doubts, they are called, “interrogatory modifiers.” [See below.] Examples include,

click here to submit a correction, drawing, image, audio recording, or comment for this page

click here to e-mail this page to a friend

page cached 7/6/2008 2:57:04 PM   online source for this page


Copyright © 2008 thai-language.com. Portions copyright © by original authors, rights reserved, used by permission; Portions