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[conjunction]
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| definition | [indicating a condition] if
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| notes | Often used with ÇèÒ  |
| related words | ÇèÒ  | waaF | that...; as... [see examples] |
ËÒ¡  | haakL | allowing that; if |
à¼×èÍ  | pheuuaL | in case of; provided that; if; for; in case (that) |
¤ÃÑé¹  | khranH | when (something occurs); if (something happened) |
| examples | |
à¨éÒ¹ÒÂà»ç¹¤¹µÃ§ ¶éÒÅÙ¡¹éͧ·Ó¼Ô´¡ç¨Ð¿Ñ¹·Ñ¹·Õ jaoF naayM bpenM khohnM dtrohngM thaaF luukF naawngH thahmM phitL gawF jaL fanM thanM theeM"My boss is very straightforward. If his employees make a mistake, he will deal with it immediately." |
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¶éÒ¤¹ã´¶Ù¡Áѹ¡Ñ´áÅÐËÒËÁÍÁÒªèÇÂäÁè·Ñ¹ thaaF khohnM daiM thuukL manM gatL laeH haaR maawR maaM chuayF maiF thanMIf a person is bitten and doesn't see a doctor expeditiously, |
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¶éҤӤسÈѾ·ì¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂàËÁ×͹¤Ó¹ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍËÁÒ¤ÇÒÁÇèÒ "à»ç¹¢Í§" ËÃ×Í "à»ç¹àÃ×èͧ¢Í§" ¤Ó¹ÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìã¹ÃÙ»¤Ó¹ÒÁ àªè¹ thaaF khahmM khoonM sap[t]L nanH meeM khwaamM maayR meuuanR khahmM naamM reuuR maayR khwaamM waaF bpenM khaawngR reuuR bpenM reuuangF khaawngR khahmM naamM nanH haiF thapH sap[t]L naiM ruupF khahmM naamM chehnFIf the adjective has the same meaning as the associated noun, or carries the meaning of “is an element of” or “is about” the noun, the adjective should be transcribed in the same form as the noun, for example: |
¶éÒ§Ñé¹  | thaaF nganH | then; in that case |
¶éÒàªè¹¹Ñé¹ | thaaF chehnF nanH | in such a case as that |
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¶éÒ·Ñ駤ӤسÈѾ·ìáÅФӹÒÁà»ç¹¤Ó·ÑºÈѾ·ì·ÕèÂѧäÁè¶×Íà»ç¹¤Óä·Â ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÃ§µÒÁÈѾ·ìà´ÔÁ àªè¹ thaaF thangH khahmM khoonM sap[t]L laeH khahmM naamM bpenM khahmM thapH sap[t]L theeF yangM maiF theuuR bpenM khahmM thaiM haiF thapH sap[t]L dtrohngM dtaamM sap[t]L deermM chehnFIf both the adjective and the related noun are transcribed words neither of which are considered Thai words, they should be transcribed in the order of the original English words, for example: |
¶éÒà»ç¹¤Ó·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàµÔÁ»Ñ¨¨Ñ àªè¹ -er, -ing, -ic, or –y áÅСÒ÷ѺÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂѪ¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡Äɴѧ¢éÍ ÷.ò ÍÒ¨·ÓãËéÍÍ¡àÊÕ§¼Ô´ä»¨Ò¡ÀÒÉÒà´ÔÁÁÒ¡ ãËé«é͹¾ÂѪ¹ÐµÑÇÊС´¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ìµé¹Íա˹Öè§à¾×èÍãËéàËç¹à¤éÒ¤Óà´ÔÁ àªè¹ thaaF bpenM khahmM theeF geertL jaakL gaanM dteermM bpatL jaiM chehnF -er, -ing, -ic, or –y laeH gaanM thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dangM khaawF aatL thahmM haiF aawkL siiangR phitL bpaiM jaakL phaaM saaR deermM maakF haiF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM saL gohtL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M dtohnF eekL neungL pheuuaF haiF henR khaaoH khahmM deermM chehnFIf the word is one which arises from the use of a suffix such as -er, -ing, -ic, or –y and the use of rule 7.2 above results in a sound significantly at variance with the original English word, one should double the final consonant in order to be able to recognize the source of the original word, for example: |
¶éÒà¼×èÍÇèÒ | thaaF pheuuaL waaF | providing that... |
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¶éÒáÁéÇèÒ | thaaF maaeH waaF | even if so... |
¶éÒÇèÒ  | thaaF waaF | if it is (the) case (that..); provided that...; supposing (that...) |
¶éÒÊÃТͧ¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà»ç¹ÊÃÐÍ×è¹·ÕèäÁèãªèÊÃÐÍÐ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂѪ¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉâ´ÂäÁèµéͧ«é͹¾ÂѪ¹Ð àªè¹ thaaF saL raL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF bpenM saL raL euunL theeF maiF chaiF saL raL aL haiF thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dooyM maiF dtaawngF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH chehnFIf the vowel associated with the first syllable is any vowel other than /-a-/, the consonant should be transcribed using the English consonant itself without doubling up the consonant, for example: |
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¶éÒËÒ¡ | thaaF haakL | if |
¶éÒËÒ¡ÇèÒ | thaaF haakL waaF | in the event that... |
¶éÒÍÂèÒ§¹Ñé¹  | thaaF yaangL nanH | if so; if that's the case; if that's the way |
¶éÒÍÂèÒ§¹Õé  | thaaF yaangL neeH | if so; if that's the case; if that's the way |
¾ÂѪ¹Ð«é͹ ¤Ó·ÕèÁÕ¾ÂѪ¹Ð«é͹à»ç¹µÑÇÊС´ ¶éÒà»ç¹ÈѾ·ì·ÑèÇä»ãËéµÑ´ÍÍ¡µÑÇ˹Öè§ àªè¹ phaH yanM chaH naH saawnH khahmM theeF meeM phaH yanM chaH naH saawnH bpenM dtuaaM saL gohtL thaaF bpenM sap[t]L thuaaF bpaiM haiF dtatL aawkL dtuaaM neungL chehnFDouble-letters: For English words which have double letters as finals, if such word is a common noun, one of the double letters is removed, for example: |
sample sentences | |
¤ÓÇÔàÈɳ쪹Դ¹Õé ¶éÒÁÕ¤Ó¹ÒÁËÃ×ÍÊÃþ¹ÒÁÁÒÃѺ¢éÒ§ËÅѧ ¹ÑºÇèÒà»ç¹¤ÓºØ¾º· àªè¹ khahmM wiH saeht[n]L chaH nitH neeH thaaF meeM khahmM naamM reuuR sapL phaH naamM maaM rapH khaangF langR napH waaF bpenM khahmM boopL phaH bohtL chehnFWith respect to this type of word, if there is a noun or a pronoun following it, the word will serve the function of a preposition, for example, |
¨Ð´ÕÃÖà»ÅèÒ ¶éÒ¼Á»¯Ôàʸ jaL deeM reuH bplaaoL thaaF phohmR bpaL dtiL saehtL"Would it be o.k. if I refused?" — "Would it be o.k. if I said no?" |
¨ÐÃѧà¡Õ¨äËÁ¤Ð ¶éÒ jaL rangM giiatL maiR khaH thaaF[polite request made by female] "Would you mind if I...?" |
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¶éÒà¢ÒÁÒàÁ×èÍäà â»Ã´ºÍ¡¼Á´éÇÂ thaaF khaoR maaM meuuaF raiM bprohtL baawkL phohmR duayF"Please inform me if and when he comes." |
¶éÒã¤ÃáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁàË繹͡ÅÙè¹Í¡·Ò§¶×Íà»ç¹¤ÇÒÁàËç¹ÊèǹµÑÇ thaaF khraiM saL daaengM khwaamM henR naawkF luuF naawkF thaangM theuuR bpenM khwaamM henR suaanL dtuaaM"If anyone expresses a different or contrary position, it will be considered as a personal opinion." |
¶éҨеͺÍÂèÒ§¡Ó»Ñ鹷غ´Ô¹ àÃÒËÅѺ¡çà¾ÃÒÐàÃÒ§èǧ thaaF jaL dtaawpL yaangL gahmM bpanF thoopH dinM raoM lapL gawF phrawH raoM nguaangF"If we were to answer you off the cuff, we would say that we fell asleep because we were sleepy." |
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¶éÒ¾Õè˹Öè§à»ç¹âÍ ¨Ò·ÓÁÒÂËÃͤÃèÒ thaaF pheeF neungL bpenM ohM jaaM thahmM maayM raawR khraaF"If you (Nung) were me (Oh), what would you do, then?" |
¶éÒäÁèÁÕà¡ÉµÃ¡ÃâçÊÕ¡çäÁèÁռżÅÔµ ¼ÙéÊè§ÍÍ¡ËÃ×;èͤéÒ¤¹¡ÅÒ§¡çäÁèÁÕÍÒªÕ¾ thaaF maiF meeM gaL saeht[r]L gaawnM rohngM seeR gawF maiF meeM phohnR phaL litH phuuF sohngL aawkL reuuR phaawF khaaH khohnM glaangM gawF maiF meeM aaM cheepFIf there are no farmers or millers, there will be no production; exporters and middlemen will have no livelihood. |
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¼Ô´¶Ù¡äÁèÇèÒáµè¶éÒäÁèàÃÔèÁáÅÐäÁèÅͧ ¡ç¨ÐäÁèä´é¼ÅàµçÁàÁç´àµçÁ˹èÇ phitL thuukL maiF waaF dtaaeL thaaF maiF reermF laeH maiF laawngM gawF jaL maiF daiF phohnR dtemM metH dtemM nuayL"Whether (I am) right or wrong (it does not make any difference), but if we do not begin, if we do not try, we will not attain our full objectives." |
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ÁÕ¢éͨӡѴ·Õèà¢ÒäÁèÊÒÁÒö»¯ÔºÑµÔµÒÁ¢éÍàÃÕ¡Ãéͧä´é «Öè§¶éÒÃѺ¿Ñ§ÍÂèÒ§¢Íä»·Õ ¡ç¹èÒà»ç¹Ëèǧ meeM khaawF jahmM gatL theeF khaoR maiF saaR maatF bpaL dtiL batL dtaamM khaawF riiakF raawngH daiF seungF thaaF rapH fangM yaangL khaawR bpaiM theeM gawF naaF bpenM huaangL"Due to existing limitations, they are not able to accede to the demands; however, if they do pay heed these demands merely in a perfunctory manner, there is real cause for concern." |
͹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁäÁèªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹ àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×Í ÊÔè§¹Õé ÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ àªè¹ ã´ äà ä˹ ¡Õè ÍÐäà ·ÓäÁ ©Ñ¹ã´ àªè¹äà ÏÅÏ áµè¾Ö§ÊѧࡵÇèÒ ¤Ó¾Ç¡¹Õé¨ÐµéͧäÁèãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊÑ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ »Ä¨©ÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM maiF cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jahmM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL neeH singL nanH chehnF daiM raiM naiR geeL aL raiM thahmM maiM chanR daiM chehnF raiM dtaaeL pheungM sangR gaehtL waaF khahmM phuaakF neeH jaL dtaawngF maiF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR riiakF waaF bpritL chaaR wiH saeht[n]L dtuaaM yaangL“Indefinite modifiers” are modifiers which express non-specificity or provide a delimiter that something is like this or that, or this thing or that thing; for example, the words “whatever,” “whichever,” “wherever,” “how,” “any,” “how many,” “which,” “why,” “why so ever,” and “how so ever.” However, one should observe that these words, in order to be indefinite modifiers, should not be used in interrogatory sentences or in sentences which indicate doubt; if these words are used in sentences which indicate interrogatories or doubts, they are called, “interrogatory modifiers.” [See below.] Examples include, |
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