alternate spelling | ¨Öè§ | jeungL |
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[conjunction, formal]
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| definition | thus; therefore; so
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| related word | ¡çàÅÂ  | gawF leeuyM | thus; therefore; so; [colloquial form of] ¨Ö§  |
| examples | ¨Ö§ÃѺ  | jeungM rapH | "(I) then accepted." |
䩹¨Ö§à»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹ | chaL naiR jeungM bpenM chehnF nanH | "How so?" |
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sample sentences | |
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á¡§¨×´¨Ö§ÃÙ館³à¡Å×Í gaaengM jeuutL jeungM ruuH khoonM gleuuaM"We only appreciate the worth of salt when the soup is tasteless." — "You'll never miss the water till the well runs dry." — "You don't know what you've got till it's gone." |
ã¡Åé¶Ö§àÇÅÒÊè§ÃÒ§ҹáÅéÇ à¢Ò¨Ö§ÅÍ¡º·¤ÇÒÁã¹¹ÔµÂÊÒÃÊ觤ÃÙà¾×è͢ѴµÒ·Ñ¾ä»¾ÅÒ§ æ ¡è͹ glaiF theungR waehM laaM sohngL raayM ngaanM laaeoH khaoR jeungM laawkF bohtL khwaamM naiM nitH dtaL yaH saanR sohngL khruuM pheuuaF khatL dtaaM thapH bpaiM phlaangM phlaangM gaawnL"As the due date for the report is drawing near, he resorts to a quick fix by copying an article from a magazine to turn it in." |
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à¢ÒàÊÕÂà˧×èÍÁÒ¡ ¨Ö§´×èÁ¹éÓà¢éÒä»¶Ö§Êͧ¢Ç´ khaoR siiaR ngeuuaL maakF jeungM deuumL naahmH khaoF bpaiM theungR saawngR khuaatL"He lost lost a lot of sweat; so he drank two full bottles of water." |
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¤¹Êǹ·Ó§Ò¹äÁè´Õ à¢Ò¨Ö§¶Ù¡äÅèÍÍ¡ä»áÅéÇ khohnM suaanR thahmM ngaanM maiF deeM khaoR jeungM thuukL laiF aawkL bpaiM laaeoH"The gardener did his work badly so he has been discharged." |
¤¹ÍÕ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ ·Ñ¹âÅ¡·Ñ¹ÊÁÑÂäÁèä´é ¨Ö§¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹ª¹ªÑé¹Í¹Ò¶Ò µ¡¹Í¡¢ÍºÊѧ¤Á äÃé·ÃѾÂì äÃéÊÔ·¸Ô äÃéàÊÕ§ àÅÕ駪վ´éÇÂÍÒªÒ¡ÃÃÁ ˹շء¢ì´éÇÂÂÒàʾµÔ´ ·Ø¡Êѧ¤ÁÁÕ¤¹áºº¹ÕéºéÒ§ khohnM eekL jahmM nuaanM maakF thanM lohkF thanM saL maiR maiF daiF jeungM glaayM bpenM chohnM chanH aL naaM thaaR dtohkL naawkF khaawpL sangR khohmM raiH sap[y]H raiH sitL thiH raiH siiangR liiangH cheepF duayF aatL chaH yaaM gamM neeR thook[k]H duayF yaaM saehpL dtitL thookH sangR khohmM meeM khohnM baaepL neeH baangF"Another large number of people cannot cope with modernity and become members of the 'impoverished class.' They fall outside the bounds of society; they are without wealth and without any rights; they have no voice (in the political system); they support themselves through crime; they escape poverty through (selling) drugs. Every society has people like this." |
¤Ô´áÅéǨ֧à¨Ã¨Ò khitH laaeoH jeungM jaehnM jaaM"A word and a stone let go cannot be called back." |
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¨Ö§ÊÁ¤ÇÃÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§·Õè¨ÐÃÑ¡ÉÒäÇé jeungM sohmR khuaanM yaangL yingF theeF jaL rakH saaR waiHIt is therefore highly appropriate that we take good care of (our language). |
©Ñ¹¹Í¹¡è͹ ©Ñ¹¨Ö§µ×è¹àªéÒ chanR naawnM gaawnL chanR jeungM dteuunL chaaoHI went to sleep before [it happened], so I woke up early. |
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·ÕèÃѰÁÕ¹âºÒªèÇÂàËÅ×Í¡ÒþѲ¹Ò¡ÒüÅÔµ ¨Ð¼ÅÔµÊÔ¹¤éÒÍÐäÃ æ ¼ÅÔµÊÔ¹¤éÒª¹Ô´ã´ ¨Ö§¨ÐÊÒÁÒöá¢è§¢Ñ¹¡ÑºµÅÒ´âÅ¡ä´é theeF ratH meeM naH yohM baayM chuayF leuuaR gaanM phatH naaM gaanM phaL litH jaL phaL litH sinR khaaH aL raiM aL raiM phaL litH sinR khaaH chaH nitH daiM jeungM jaL saaR maatF khaengL khanR gapL dtaL laatL lohkF daiFWhatever policies the government has in place to assist development of production, (to determine) what agricultural goods should be produced and what specific kinds of produce (should be grown), should allow (the farmers) to be competitive in world markets. |
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¹ÒÂ¡Ï ¤¹ãËÁè¨Ö§¨Ðµéͧà»ç¹¤¹·Õèá¢ç§ «Ö觤³Ð»¯ÔÃÙ» æ à¡Ã§ã¨ à¾ÃÒÐà»ç¹ÃØè¹¾Õè áÅÐà»ç¹Í´Õµ¼ÙéºÑ§¤ÑººÑªÒ naaM yohkH khohnM maiL jeungM jaL dtaawngF bpenM khohnM theeF khaengR seungF khaH naH bpaL dtiL ruupF khaH naH bpaL dtiL ruupF graehngM jaiM phrawH bpenM roonF pheeF laeH bpenM aL deetL phuuF bangM khapH banM chaaM"The new prime minister must be a strong person whom the Council for Administrative Reform holds in high regard due to the fact that (the prime minister) is a senior (in military rank) and because his is a former (military) commander." |
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áÁéáµèÃѰᨡẺ¶éǹ˹éÒ¡çµÒÁ ¢éÒǶا¸§¿éÒ¨Ö§µ¡ÍÂÙèã¹Á×ͧ͢¤¹·ÕèäÁ訹¨ÃÔ§ maaeH dtaaeL ratH jaaekL baaepL thuaanF naaF gawF dtaamM khaaoF thoongR thohngM faaH jeungM dtohkL yuuL naiM meuuM khaawngR khohnM theeF maiF johnM jingM"Even though the government provided (rice) to one and all, some blue-flagged rice fell into the hands of people who were not truly poor." |
ÃѰ¨Ö§Áͧ·Ñé§Ãкºà¾×èÍãËé·Ø¡¤¹ÍÂÙèä´é áÅÐäÁèÁÕ¡ÒÃàÍÒÃÑ´àÍÒà»ÃÕº«Ö觡ѹáÅСѹ ratH jeungM maawngM thangH raH bohpL pheuuaF haiF thookH khohnM yuuL daiF laeH maiF meeM gaanM aoM ratH aoM bpriiapL seungF ganM laeH ganMThe government views the entire process (as a way) to satisfy everyone’s individual needs and (its objective) is that no party will be able to take undue advantage over any other party. |
ÃѰºÒŨ֧¨Óà»ç¹·Õèµéͧá·Ã¡á«§ËÃ×Í¾ÂØ§ÃÒ¤Ò¢éÒÇ ratH thaL baanM jeungM jahmM bpenM theeF dtaawngF saaekF saaengM reuuR phaH yoongM raaM khaaM khaaoFThe government thus needs to intercede (in the market) and prop up the price of rice. |
áÅéǨ֧¾Øé¢éÒǵÒÁà¾×èÍÅéÒ§Ãʢͧ¡Ñº·Õè¡Ô¹à¢éÒä»àÊÕÂ laaeoH jeungM phuyH khaaoF dtaamM pheuuaF laangH rohtH khaawngR gapL theeF ginM khaoF bpaiM siiaRThey then push rice into their mouths in order to cleanse their palates from the food that they just ate. |
͹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁäÁèªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹ àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×Í ÊÔè§¹Õé ÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ àªè¹ ã´ äà ä˹ ¡Õè ÍÐäà ·ÓäÁ ©Ñ¹ã´ àªè¹äà ÏÅÏ áµè¾Ö§ÊѧࡵÇèÒ ¤Ó¾Ç¡¹Õé¨ÐµéͧäÁèãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊÑ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ »Ä¨©ÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM maiF cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jahmM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL neeH singL nanH chehnF daiM raiM naiR geeL aL raiM thahmM maiM chanR daiM chehnF raiM dtaaeL pheungM sangR gaehtL waaF khahmM phuaakF neeH jaL dtaawngF maiF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR riiakF waaF bpritL chaaR wiH saeht[n]L dtuaaM yaangL“Indefinite modifiers” are modifiers which express non-specificity or provide a delimiter that something is like this or that, or this thing or that thing; for example, the words “whatever,” “whichever,” “wherever,” “how,” “any,” “how many,” “which,” “why,” “why so ever,” and “how so ever.” However, one should observe that these words, in order to be indefinite modifiers, should not be used in interrogatory sentences or in sentences which indicate doubt; if these words are used in sentences which indicate interrogatories or doubts, they are called, “interrogatory modifiers.” [See below.] Examples include, |
ÍÒËÒèչ¨Ö§ÁÕÃʨ״æ äÁèãªéà¤Ã×èͧ»Ãا·ÕèÁÕ¡ÅÔè¹áçáÅÐäÁèÁÕÃʨѴ¨¹¢èÁÃʸÃÃÁªÒµÔ¢Í§ÇÑÊ´Ø aaM haanR jeenM jeungM meeM rohtH jeuutL jeuutL maiF chaiH khreuuangF bproongM theeF meeM glinL raaengM laeH maiF meeM rohtH jatL johnM khohmL rohtH thamM maH chaatF khaawngR watH saL dooLChinese food has very bland taste; spices that have a strong smells are not used and there are no strong flavors that tend to suppress the natural flavor of the ingredients. |
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