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¨Ö§  jeungM
pronunciation guide
Phonemic Thai¨Ö§
IPAtɕɯŋ
Royal Thai General Systemchueng

alternate
spelling
¨Öè§jeungL
common Thai word   [conjunction, formal]
definition
thus; therefore; so

related word¡çàÅÂgawF leeuyMthus; therefore; so; [colloquial form of] ¨Ö§ 
examples¨Ö§ÃѺjeungM rapH"(I) then accepted."
䩹¨Ö§à»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹chaL naiR jeungM bpenM chehnF nanH"How so?"
ÁѹÁÑ¡¨ÐªÙ¤Í¢Í§Áѹ¢Öé¹ÊÙ§áÅéǨ֧¡Ñ´
manM makH jaL chuuM khaawM khaawngR manM kheunF suungR laaeoH jeungM gatL
it usually lifts its neck up high, then strikes.
sample
sentences
¡ÒôÓçÍÂÙè¢Í§º·ºÒ··ËÒÃã¹àÇ·Õ¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ¨Ö§à»ç¹ÊÔè§·ÕèäÁèÊÍ´ÃѺ¡Ñº¡ÃÐáÊâÅ¡ à»ç¹ÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§
gaanM dahmM rohngM yuuL khaawngR bohtL baatL thaH haanR naiM waehM theeM gaanM meuuangM jeungM bpenM singL theeF maiF saawtL rapH gapL graL saaeR lohkF bpenM yaangL yingF
"The actions of the military in the political arena are very much out of sync with global trends."
¡ÒöèǧàÇÅÒÍÍ¡ä»ãËé¹Ò¹·ÕèÊØ´à·èÒ·Õè¨Ðà»ç¹ä»ä´é à¾×èÍ»ÅèÍÂãËé¡ÅØèÁµèÒ§ æ ÀÒÂã¹¾Ã䵡ŧ¡Ñ¹àͧãËéä´éàÊÕ¡è͹ áÅéǨ֧»ÃѺà»ÅÕè¹ÃѰÁ¹µÃÕ
gaanM thuaangL waehM laaM aawkL bpaiM haiF naanM theeF sootL thaoF theeF jaL bpenM bpaiM daiF pheuuaF bplaawyL haiF gloomL dtaangL dtaangL phaayM naiM phakH dtohkL lohngM ganM aehngM haiF daiF siiaR gaawnL laaeoH jeungM bprapL bpliianL ratH mohnM dtreeM
"Stalling for the longest possible amount time that they are able would allow the various factions within the party to agree among themselves; then they can go ahead and shuffle the cabinet ministers."
á¡§¨×´¨Ö§ÃÙ館³à¡Å×Í
gaaengM jeuutL jeungM ruuH khoonM gleuuaM
"We only appreciate the worth of salt when the soup is tasteless." — "You'll never miss the water till the well runs dry." — "You don't know what you've got till it's gone."
ã¡Åé¶Ö§àÇÅÒÊè§ÃÒ§ҹáÅéÇ à¢Ò¨Ö§ÅÍ¡º·¤ÇÒÁã¹¹ÔµÂÊÒÃÊ觤ÃÙà¾×è͢ѴµÒ·Ñ¾ä»¾ÅÒ§ æ ¡è͹
glaiF theungR waehM laaM sohngL raayM ngaanM laaeoH khaoR jeungM laawkF bohtL khwaamM naiM nitH dtaL yaH saanR sohngL khruuM pheuuaF khatL dtaaM thapH bpaiM phlaangM phlaangM gaawnL
"As the due date for the report is drawing near, he resorts to a quick fix by copying an article from a magazine to turn it in."
à¢Òâ¡Ã¸·Õèà©ÅÔÁàÁÒàËÅéÒ à¢Ò¨Ö§µÐà¾Ô´à¢ÒÍÍ¡¨Ò¡ºéÒ¹
khaoR grohtL theeF chaL leermR maoM laoF khaoR jeungM dtaL pheertF khaoR aawkL jaakL baanF
"She's angry that Chalerm is drunk, so she's throwing him out of the house."
à¢Òà»ç¹¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÙ§ à¢Ò¨Ö§¨Ð¢Ò´á§èÁØÁã¹àªÔ§ÃØ¡ ¢Ò´¤ÇÒÁ ¡ÅéÒä´é¡ÅéÒàÊÕ à¾ÃÒйѡàÈÃɰÈÒʵÃì¨ÐäÁèªÍº¤ÇÒÁàÊÕè§
khaoR bpenM nakH wiH chaaM gaanM suungR khaoR jeungM jaL khaatL ngaaeF moomM naiM cheerngM rookH khaatL khwaamM glaaF daiF glaaF siiaR phrawH nakH saehtL thaL saat[dr]L jaL maiF chaawpF khwaamM siiangL
"He is a very (capable) technician. He therefore lacks aggressiveness and an enterprising nature, because economists do not favor risk-taking."
à¢ÒÁÕ»ÃÐʺ¡Òóì¨Ò¡­ÒµÔ·ÕèàÁ×ͧ¨Õ¹ ¨Ö§¹ÓÁÒ»ÃÐÂØ¡µì Êèǹ˹Öè§ä´é»ÅÙ¡¾×ªÊÁعä¾Ããµéµé¹¼ÅäÁé ªèÇ¢ѺäÅèáÁŧä´éÍÂèÒ§´Õ
khaoR meeM bpraL sohpL gaan[n]M jaakL yaatF theeF meuuangM jeenM jeungM nahmM maaM bpraL yook[d]H suaanL neungL daiF bpluukL pheuutF saL moonR phraiM dtaiF dtohnF phohnR laH maaiH chuayF khapL laiF maH laaengM daiF yaangL deeM
"He has experience from his relatives in China which he adapted; one (of these adaptations) was to plant medicinal herbs around his fruit trees which work very well to ward off insects."
à¢ÒàÊÕÂà˧×èÍÁÒ¡ ¨Ö§´×èÁ¹éÓà¢éÒä»¶Ö§Êͧ¢Ç´
khaoR siiaR ngeuuaL maakF jeungM deuumL naahmH khaoF bpaiM theungR saawngR khuaatL
"He lost lost a lot of sweat; so he drank two full bottles of water."
¤´ÕËÁÔè¹»ÃÐÁÒ· ÊÒÁÒöÂÍÁ¤ÇÒÁ¡Ñ¹ä´éÃÐËÇèÒ§¼Ùé·Õè¤Ô´ÇèÒ...µ¹àͧàÊÕÂËÒ¨֧ä»á¨é§¤ÇÒÁ¡Ñº¼ÙéµéͧËÒËÃ×ÍÃÐËÇèҧ⨷¡ì¡Ñº¨ÓàÅÂ
khaH deeM minL bpraL maatL saaR maatF yaawmM khwaamM ganM daiF raH waangL phuuF theeF khitH waaF dtohnM aehngM siiaR haayR jeungM bpaiM jaaengF khwaamM gapL phuuF dtaawngF haaR reuuR raH waangL joht[k]L gapL jahmM leeuyM
"With respect to a case of libel or slander there can be a compromise between the party who things himself wronged and files a case (on the one hand) and the person charged, or between the plaintiff and the defendant."
¤¹Êǹ·Ó§Ò¹äÁè´Õ à¢Ò¨Ö§¶Ù¡äÅèÍÍ¡ä»áÅéÇ
khohnM suaanR thahmM ngaanM maiF deeM khaoR jeungM thuukL laiF aawkL bpaiM laaeoH
"The gardener did his work badly so he has been discharged."
¤¹ÍÕ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ ·Ñ¹âÅ¡·Ñ¹ÊÁÑÂäÁèä´é ¨Ö§¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹ª¹ªÑé¹Í¹Ò¶Ò µ¡¹Í¡¢ÍºÊѧ¤Á äÃé·ÃѾÂì äÃéÊÔ·¸Ô äÃéàÊÕ§ àÅÕ駪վ´éÇÂÍÒª­Ò¡ÃÃÁ ˹շء¢ì´éÇÂÂÒàʾµÔ´ ·Ø¡Êѧ¤ÁÁÕ¤¹áºº¹ÕéºéÒ§
khohnM eekL jahmM nuaanM maakF thanM lohkF thanM saL maiR maiF daiF jeungM glaayM bpenM chohnM chanH aL naaM thaaR dtohkL naawkF khaawpL sangR khohmM raiH sap[y]H raiH sitL thiH raiH siiangR liiangH cheepF duayF aatL chaH yaaM gamM neeR thook[k]H duayF yaaM saehpL dtitL thookH sangR khohmM meeM khohnM baaepL neeH baangF
"Another large number of people cannot cope with modernity and become members of the 'impoverished class.' They fall outside the bounds of society; they are without wealth and without any rights; they have no voice (in the political system); they support themselves through crime; they escape poverty through (selling) drugs. Every society has people like this."
¤Ô´áÅéǨ֧à¨Ã¨Ò
khitH laaeoH jeungM jaehnM jaaM
"A word and a stone let go cannot be called back."
¤Ø³·ÃÒºäËÁÇèÒ·ÓäÁà¢Ò¨Ö§¶Ù¡¨Ñº
khoonM saapF maiR waaF thahmM maiM khaoR jeungM thuukL japL
"Do you know why he was arrested?"
¨Ö§ÊÁ¤ÇÃÍÂèÒ§ÂÔè§·Õè¨ÐÃÑ¡ÉÒäÇé
jeungM sohmR khuaanM yaangL yingF theeF jaL rakH saaR waiH
It is therefore highly appropriate that we take good care of (our language).
©Ñ¹¹Í¹¡è͹ ©Ñ¹¨Ö§µ×è¹àªéÒ
chanR naawnM gaawnL chanR jeungM dteuunL chaaoH
I went to sleep before [it happened], so I woke up early.
·ÓäÁ¨Ö§äÁ診äÁèÊÔé¹àÊÕ·աѺ¤ÇÒÁ¢Ñ´áÂé§ áµ¡á¡¡Ñ¹à»ç¹½èÒ ¡ÅèÒÇËҡѹ¶Ö§Ê¶ÒºÑ¹àº×éͧÊÙ§
thahmM maiM jeungM maiF johpL maiF sinF siiaR theeM gapL khwaamM khatL yaaengH dtaaekL yaaekF ganM bpenM faayL glaaoL haaR ganM theungR saL thaaR banM beuuangF suungR
"Why is it, then, that we cannot cease our conflicts, our breaking into factions, (and) our accusing institutions of the highest order?"
·ÕèÃѰÁÕ¹âºÒªèÇÂàËÅ×Í¡ÒþѲ¹Ò¡ÒüÅÔµ ¨Ð¼ÅÔµÊÔ¹¤éÒÍÐäÃ æ ¼ÅÔµÊÔ¹¤éÒª¹Ô´ã´ ¨Ö§¨ÐÊÒÁÒöá¢è§¢Ñ¹¡ÑºµÅÒ´âÅ¡ä´é
theeF ratH meeM naH yohM baayM chuayF leuuaR gaanM phatH naaM gaanM phaL litH jaL phaL litH sinR khaaH aL raiM aL raiM phaL litH sinR khaaH chaH nitH daiM jeungM jaL saaR maatF khaengL khanR gapL dtaL laatL lohkF daiF
Whatever policies the government has in place to assist development of production, (to determine) what agricultural goods should be produced and what specific kinds of produce (should be grown), should allow (the farmers) to be competitive in world markets.
¹âºÒÂËÒàÊÕ§¢Í§¾Ãä¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧãËÁè¨Ö§¤ÅѺ¤ÅéÒ¡Ѻ¹âºÒ»ÃЪҹÔÂÁ¢Í§¾Ãää·ÂÃÑ¡ä·Â
naH yohM baayM haaR siiangR khaawngR phakH gaanM meuuangM maiL jeungM khlapH khlaayH gapL naH yohM baayM bpraL chaaM niH yohmM khaawngR phakH thaiM rakH thaiM
"The policies for obtaining votes espoused by these new political parties vaguely resemble the Populist policies of Thai Rak Thai party."
¹Ñ¡àÃÕ¹¨Ó¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡Âѧä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒẺâºÃÒ³ ¨Ö§ÁÑ¡àª×èÍÅÒÂÅѡɳìÍÑ¡ÉÃ
nakH riianM jahmM nuaanM maakF yangM daiF rapH gaanM seukL saaR baaepL bohM raanM jeungM makH cheuuaF laayM lakH akL saawnR
"Most students are educated the old way; they believe everything that is written down."
¹ÒÂ¡Ï ¤¹ãËÁè¨Ö§¨Ðµéͧà»ç¹¤¹·Õèá¢ç§ «Ö觤³Ð»¯ÔÃÙ» æ à¡Ã§ã¨ à¾ÃÒÐà»ç¹ÃØè¹¾Õè áÅÐà»ç¹Í´Õµ¼ÙéºÑ§¤ÑººÑ­ªÒ
naaM yohkH khohnM maiL jeungM jaL dtaawngF bpenM khohnM theeF khaengR seungF khaH naH bpaL dtiL ruupF khaH naH bpaL dtiL ruupF graehngM jaiM phrawH bpenM roonF pheeF laeH bpenM aL deetL phuuF bangM khapH banM chaaM
"The new prime minister must be a strong person whom the Council for Administrative Reform holds in high regard due to the fact that (the prime minister) is a senior (in military rank) and because his is a former (military) commander."
»Ñ­ËҢͧà¤Ã×èͧẺÃÑ´µÔéǨ֧à»ç¹àÃ×èͧ¢Í§ÇѲ¹¸ÃÃÁäÁèãªèàÃ×èͧ¢Í§¼éÒáÅÐẺàÊ×éͼéÒ
bpanM haaR khaawngR khreuuangF baaepL ratH dtiuF jeungM bpenM reuuangF khaawngR watH thaH naH thamM maiF chaiF reuuangF khaawngR phaaF laeH baaepL seuuaF phaaF
"The problem of skin-tight uniforms is therefore a cultural issue, not a clothing or fashion issue."
»Ñ­ËÒ·ÕèÊÒÁ ¤×ͤÇÒÁÃèÓÃÇÂ㹤ӢͧÀÒÉÒä·Â «Ö觾ǡàÃÒ¹Ö¡ÇèÒäÁèÃèÓÃÇÂ¾Í ¨Ö§µéͧÁպѭ­ÑµÔÈѾ·ìãËÁèÁÒãªé...
bpanM haaR theeF saamR kheuuM khwaamM rahmF ruayM naiM khahmM khaawngR phaaM saaR thaiM seungF phuaakF raoM neukH waaF maiF rahmF ruayM phaawM jeungM dtaawngF meeM banM yatH sap[t]L maiL maaM chaiH
A third issue is the richness of our Thai vocabulary which some of us think is not rich enough. We therefore want to create new words to use. [...]
à¾ÃÒФسà»ç¹¤¹âË´àËÕéÂÁ ¨Ö§äÁèÁÕã¤ÃÍÂÒ¡·Õè¨ÐÂØè§´éÇÂ
phrawH khoonM bpenM khohnM hohtL hiiamF jeungM maiF meeM khraiM yaakL theeF jaL yoongF duayF
"Because you are so cruel, no one wants to interact with you."
à¾ÃÒЩйÑé¹ÃѰºÒŨ֧¾ÂÒÂÒÁ¼ÅÑ¡´Ñ¹¡ÒÃÊè§ÍÍ¡¢éÒÇ
phrawH chaL nanH ratH thaL baanM jeungM phaH yaaM yaamM phlakL danM gaanM sohngL aawkL khaaoF
Therefore, the government is trying to encourage rice exports.
àÁ×èÍà¨ÍСѺ»ÃЪҸԻäµÂ¨Ö§ÂèÍÁä¢Çéà¢ÇáÅÐÍÒ¨¨ÐËŧàʹèËìàÊ×ÍÊÔ§Ëì¡Ãзԧáôä´é§èÒÂ
meuuaF juhL gapL bpraL chaaM thipH dtaiM jeungM yaawmF khwaiF khwaehR laeH aatL jaL lohngR saL neh[h]L seuuaR sing[h]R graL thingM raaetF daiF ngaayF
"When confronted by democracy they become confused and are subject to being bamboozled by the wiles of con artists and flimflam men."
áÁéáµèÃѰᨡẺ¶éǹ˹éÒ¡çµÒÁ ¢éÒǶا¸§¿éÒ¨Ö§µ¡ÍÂÙèã¹Á×ͧ͢¤¹·ÕèäÁ訹¨ÃÔ§
maaeH dtaaeL ratH jaaekL baaepL thuaanF naaF gawF dtaamM khaaoF thoongR thohngM faaH jeungM dtohkL yuuL naiM meuuM khaawngR khohnM theeF maiF johnM jingM
"Even though the government provided (rice) to one and all, some blue-flagged rice fell into the hands of people who were not truly poor."
ÃѰ¨Ö§Áͧ·Ñé§Ãкºà¾×èÍãËé·Ø¡¤¹ÍÂÙèä´é áÅÐäÁèÁÕ¡ÒÃàÍÒÃÑ´àÍÒà»ÃÕº«Ö觡ѹáÅСѹ
ratH jeungM maawngM thangH raH bohpL pheuuaF haiF thookH khohnM yuuL daiF laeH maiF meeM gaanM aoM ratH aoM bpriiapL seungF ganM laeH ganM
The government views the entire process (as a way) to satisfy everyone’s individual needs and (its objective) is that no party will be able to take undue advantage over any other party.
ÃѰºÒŨ֧¨Óà»ç¹·Õèµéͧá·Ã¡á«§ËÃ×Í¾ÂØ§ÃÒ¤Ò¢éÒÇ
ratH thaL baanM jeungM jahmM bpenM theeF dtaawngF saaekF saaengM reuuR phaH yoongM raaM khaaM khaaoF
The government thus needs to intercede (in the market) and prop up the price of rice.
áÅéǨ֧¾Øé¢éÒǵÒÁà¾×èÍÅéÒ§Ãʢͧ¡Ñº·Õè¡Ô¹à¢éÒä»àÊÕÂ
laaeoH jeungM phuyH khaaoF dtaamM pheuuaF laangH rohtH khaawngR gapL theeF ginM khaoF bpaiM siiaR
They then push rice into their mouths in order to cleanse their palates from the food that they just ate.
͹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁäÁèªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹ àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×Í ÊÔè§¹Õé ÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ àªè¹ ã´ äà ä˹ ¡Õè ÍÐäà ·ÓäÁ ©Ñ¹ã´ àªè¹äà ÏÅÏ áµè¾Ö§ÊѧࡵÇèÒ ¤Ó¾Ç¡¹Õé¨ÐµéͧäÁèãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊÑ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ »Ä¨©ÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì µÑÇÍÂèÒ§
aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM maiF cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jahmM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL neeH singL nanH chehnF daiM raiM naiR geeL aL raiM thahmM maiM chanR daiM chehnF raiM dtaaeL pheungM sangR gaehtL waaF khahmM phuaakF neeH jaL dtaawngF maiF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR riiakF waaF bpritL chaaR wiH saeht[n]L dtuaaM yaangL
“Indefinite modifiers” are modifiers which express non-specificity or provide a delimiter that something is like this or that, or this thing or that thing; for example, the words “whatever,” “whichever,” “wherever,” “how,” “any,” “how many,” “which,” “why,” “why so ever,” and “how so ever.” However, one should observe that these words, in order to be indefinite modifiers, should not be used in interrogatory sentences or in sentences which indicate doubt; if these words are used in sentences which indicate interrogatories or doubts, they are called, “interrogatory modifiers.” [See below.] Examples include,
ÍÒËÒèչ¨Ö§ÁÕÃʨ״æ äÁèãªéà¤Ã×èͧ»Ãا·ÕèÁÕ¡ÅÔè¹áçáÅÐäÁèÁÕÃʨѴ¨¹¢èÁÃʸÃÃÁªÒµÔ¢Í§ÇÑÊ´Ø
aaM haanR jeenM jeungM meeM rohtH jeuutL jeuutL maiF chaiH khreuuangF bproongM theeF meeM glinL raaengM laeH maiF meeM rohtH jatL johnM khohmL rohtH thamM maH chaatF khaawngR watH saL dooL
Chinese food has very bland taste; spices that have a strong smells are not used and there are no strong flavors that tend to suppress the natural flavor of the ingredients.

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