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1.  [attributive verb]
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| definition | [is] loud; noisy
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| examples | ¡ÃдÔ觴ѧáÅéÇ | graL dingL dangM laaeoH | [school] There goes the bell! |
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©Í ©Ô觵մѧ  | chaawR chingL dteeM dangM | Ch is for /chingL/ (finger cymbals), struck so loudly |
ª×èʹѧ  | cheuuF dangM | famed; famous; renowned |
´Ñ§¡éͧ | dangM gaawngF | resound; resonate; re-echo; echo; ring; reverberate |
´Ñ§Ê¹Ñè¹ | dangM saL nanL | to echo; reverberate |
´Ñ§ÍÕ¡ | dangM eekL | more loud; louder |
â´è§´Ñ§ | dohngL dangM | famous; well-known; renowned |
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Ãéͧ´Ñ§  | raawngH dangM | cry out; shout; scream; yell |
àÊÕ§´Ñ§  | siiangR dangM | noisy; loud |
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sample sentences | |
à¢ÒäÅè¼ÁÂѧ¡ÐËÁÙ¡ÐËÁÒ ËÒÇèÒä»·ÓàÊÕ§´Ñ§Ãº¡Ç¹à¢Ò khaoR laiF phohmR yangM gaL muuR gaL maaR haaR waaF bpaiM thahmM siiangR dangM rohpH guaanM khaoR"He chased me out like I was an animal; he said that I was making too much noise and was disturbing him." |
µºÁ×Í¢éÒ§à´ÕÂÇäÁè´Ñ§ dtohpL meuuM khaangF diaaoM maiF dangM"It takes two to make a quarrel." |
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àÊÕ§à¾Å§¨Ò¡ÇÔ·ÂØ´Ñ§ÅÍ´ÍÍ¡ÁÒ¨Ò¡ËéͧàªÔ§ºÑ¹ä´«Ö觺ҹ»ÃеÙà»Ô´á§éÁÍÂÙè siiangR phlaehngM jaakL witH thaH yooH dangM laawtF aawkL maaM jaakL haawngF cheerngM banM daiM seungF baanM bpraL dtuuM bpeertL ngaaemH yuuL"The music coming from the radio trickled out from the room [up] the stairs, through the door that was partially ajar." |
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2.  [adverb, formal]
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| definition | such as; like; similar to; as
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| related words | ÍÂèÒ§  | yaangL | like; as |
àªè¹  | chehnF | similar to; same as |
| »Ãдب | bpraL dootL | [poetic, written] as if; as; like such as; for example |
| »ÃÐ˹Öè§ | bpraL neungL | [poetic, written] as if; as though; as; like; comparable to; comparable to |
| ¾èÒ§ | phaangF | [formal conjunction for poetic use only] as; like |
| à©¡ | chaehkL | [formal conjunction used in written Thai or poetry only] as; like |
| à¾Õé§ | phiiangH | [poetic use only] equal to; as...as; as; like |
´Ñè§àªè¹  | dangL chehnF | [written Thai] for example |
àËÁ×͹¡Ñº | meuuanR gapL | same as; similar to |
ÍÂèÒ§¡Ñº  | yaangL gapL | like; as; similar to; as if |
ÃÒǡѺ  | raaoM gapL | [formal] like; as; same as; similar to |
àËÁ×͹  | meuuanR | similar; all the same; like; as |
¤ÅéÒ  | khlaayH | to seem; to resemble; to appear |
´Ñè§  | dangL | [poetic, formal, written Thai] similar to; just like |
| examples | |
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´Ñ§¡ÅèÒÇ | dangM glaaoL | as I said; as stated; the aforementioned |
´Ñ§à´ÔÁ | dangM deermM | as before |
´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ | dangM nanH | so |
´Ñ§¹Õé | dangM neeH | as such; such as this; like this... |
¶éÒà»ç¹¤Ó·Õèà¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàµÔÁ»Ñ¨¨Ñ àªè¹ -er, -ing, -ic, or –y áÅСÒ÷ѺÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂѪ¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡Äɴѧ¢éÍ ÷.ò ÍÒ¨·ÓãËéÍÍ¡àÊÕ§¼Ô´ä»¨Ò¡ÀÒÉÒà´ÔÁÁÒ¡ ãËé«é͹¾ÂѪ¹ÐµÑÇÊС´¢Í§¾ÂÒ§¤ìµé¹Íա˹Öè§à¾×èÍãËéàËç¹à¤éÒ¤Óà´ÔÁ àªè¹ thaaF bpenM khahmM theeF geertL jaakL gaanM dteermM bpatL jaiM chehnF -er, -ing, -ic, or –y laeH gaanM thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dangM khaawF aatL thahmM haiF aawkL siiangR phitL bpaiM jaakL phaaM saaR deermM maakF haiF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH dtuaaM saL gohtL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M dtohnF eekL neungL pheuuaF haiF henR khaaoH khahmM deermM chehnFIf the word is one which arises from the use of a suffix such as -er, -ing, -ic, or –y and the use of rule 7.2 above results in a sound significantly at variance with the original English word, one should double the final consonant in order to be able to recognize the source of the original word, for example: |
·Óä´é´Ñ§¹Õé¡çàª×èÍÇèÒ ·ËÒÃäÁè¡ÅéÒÅҡö¶Ñ§ÍÍ¡ÁÒ»¯ÔÇѵÔ thahmM daiF dangM neeH gawF cheuuaF waaF thaH haanR maiF glaaF laakF rohtH thangR aawkL maaM bpaL dtiL watHIf we can accomplish these things, I believe that the military would not dare to bring in their tanks (and cause another) coup d'etat. |
à¾ÃÒдѧ¹Ñé¹ | phrawH dangM nanH | as such; hence; wherefore; therefore; consequently; so |
à¾ÃÒдѧ¹Õé | phrawH dangM neeH | as such; hence; wherefore; therefore; consequently; so |
ÂèÍ ãËéà¢Õ¹ª×è͵ÑÇÍÑ¡ÉùÑé¹ æ ŧà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·Â ´Ñ§¹Õé yaawF haiF khiianR cheuuF dtuaaM akL saawnR nanH nanH lohngM bpenM phaaM saaR thaiM dangM neeHAbbreviations and single English letters should be transcribed into Thai as follows: |
sample sentences | ©Ñ¹àͧäÁèä´é¾Ù´´Ñ§¹Ñé¹´Í¡ chanR aehngM maiF daiF phuutF dangM nanH daawkLI, myself, did not speak like that at all. |
¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×ÍÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ ÊÔè§¹Õé àªè¹ ¹Õè ¹Ñè¹ â¹è¹ ¹Õé ¹Ñé¹ â¹é¹ ·Ñé§¹Õé ·Ñé§¹Ñé¹ ÍÂèÒ§¹Õé ÍÂèÒ§¹Ñé¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ á·é ¨ÃÔ§ ੾ÒÐ àͧ ´Í¡ á¹è¹Í¹ ·Õà´ÕÂÇ à·ÕÂÇ à¨ÕÂÇ ÏÅÏ niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jahmM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL nanH singL neeH chehnF neeF nanF nohnF neeH nanH nohnH thangH neeH thangH nanH yaangL neeH yaangL nanH dangM neeH dangM nanH thaaeH jingM chaL phawH aehngM daawkL naaeF naawnM theeM diaaoM thiaaoM jiaaoM “Demonstrative modifiers” are modifiers which serve to specify or limit the related word to a specific meaning or a specific item; such words include, “this,” “that,” “that one over there,” “all of these,” “all of those,” “like this,” “like that,” “as follows,” “like this (or that),” “truly,” “specifically,” “only this,” “at all,” “certainly,” “absolutely,” “certainly,” “surely, positively,” etc. |
»Ãоѹ¸ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ áÅлÃоѹ¸ÇÔàÈɳì áÁé¨Ðãªé¤ÓºÒ§¤ÓàËÁ×͹¡Ñ¹ àªè¹ ·Õè «Öè§ Íѹ áµèÁÕ¢éÍᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé bpraL phanM thaH sapL phaH naamM laeH bpraL phanM thaH wiH saeht[n]L maaeH jaL chaiH khahmM baangM khahmM meuuanR ganM chehnF theeF seungF anM dtaaeL meeM khaawF dtaaekL dtaangL ganM dangM neeHEven though relative pronouns and relative modifiers use the same words, for example, “that,” “which,” “the one that,” there are differences, as in the following: |
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3.  [attributive verb, colloquial]
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| definition | [is] famed; famous; well-known; renowned
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| example | ¡ÃзºäËÅ褹´Ñ§ | graL thohpH laiL khohnM dangM | to meet or see a celebrity, actor, actress, or star in person |
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