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1.  [verb]
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| definition | to call out; called; to be named
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| examples | ¢éÍàÃÕ¡Ãéͧ | khaawF riiakF raawngH | demand; request; requirement; claim |
¤ÓàÃÕ¡Ãéͧ | khamM riiakF raawngH | demand; request; requirement; claim |
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µÐ⡹àÃÕ¡ | dtaL gohnM riiakF | to holler; to call out; to cry out; to hail |
ÃéͧàÃÕ¡ | raawngH riiakF | to (vocally) call out (to) |
àÃÕ¡¢ÇÑ  | riiakF khwanR | [a Thai Buddhist ritual] |
àÃÕ¡Ãéͧ  | riiakF raawngH | to demand; to appeal; to exact |
àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ  | riiakF waaF | "(It is) called ... (in Thai)." |
àÃÕ¡ÇèÒÍÐäÃ  | riiakF waaF aL raiM | "What do you call ... (in Thai)?" |
àÃÕ¡àÍÒ | riiakF aoM | to press a claim; claim; ask for; press for payment |
ÊÑÒ³ÇÔ·ÂØàÃÕ¡  | sanR yaanM witH thaH yooH riiakF | taxi radio call sign |
ËÁÒÂàÃÕ¡ | maayR riiakF | a legal summons |
ÍÒËÒÃàÃÕ¡¹éÓÂèÍÂ  | aaM haanR riiakF naamH yaawyF | relish, the condiment made from diced pickles |
sample sentences | |
...áµè·ÕèÊӤѤ×Í¡ÒÃÁÕÁ¹ØÉ¸ÃÃÁµèÍà¾×è͹ÃèÇÁâÅ¡àÁ×èÍàËç¹ÀѾԺѵԤÃèÒªÕÇÔµ¼Ù餹·ÕèÍÒ¨àÃÕ¡ä´éÇèÒµÒÂà»ç¹àº×Í áÅзÃѾÂìÊÔ¹àÊÕÂËÒÂÂèÍÂÂѺ dtaaeL theeF samR khanM kheuuM gaanM meeM maH nootH saL yaH thamM dtaawL pheuuanF ruaamF lohkF meuuaF henR phaiM phiH batL khraaF cheeM witH phuuF khohnM theeF aatL riiakF daiF waaF dtaayM bpenM beuuaM laeH sap[y]H sinR siiaR haayR yaawyF yapH...but most importantly the humaneness and compassion (we need to show) to our friends on this earth when we see the tragedy which takes the lives of (our fellow) human beings, which we may call “perishing in great numbers,” as well as the utter destruction of (their) property. |
¹ÕèàÃÕ¡ÇèÒÍÐäÃ neeF riiakF waaF aL raiM"What is this called?" |
»ÃеԪÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»Ãк͡àÊÕ§ÃéͧàÃÕ¡áÅÐàÊÕ§¢Ò¹ÃѺ à¾×èÍáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁÊÅÐÊÅÇ¢ͧÀÒÉÒ áÅÐáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹¡Ñ¹àͧÃÐËÇèÒ§¼Ùé¾Ù´ àªè¹ ¨ëÒ ¢ÍÃѺ àÇé âÇé âÇ áÅкÃôҤӢÍÃѺ·Õè¡ÅèÒÇáÅéÇ㹤ÓÇÔàÈɳìÃÒªÒÈѾ·ì·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ (´Ù¤ÓÇÔàÈɳìÃÒªÒÈѾ·ì¢éҧ˹éÒ) bpraL dtitL yaaM wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khamM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL baawkL siiangR raawngH riiakF laeH siiangR khaanR rapH pheuuaF saL daaengM khwaamM saL laL saL luayR khaawngR phaaM saaR laeH saL daaengM khwaamM bpenM ganM aehngM raH waangL phuuF phuutF chehnF jaaR khaawR rapH weeuyH wooyH wooyM laeH banM daaM khamM khaawR rapH theeF glaaoL laaeoH naiM khamM wiH saeht[n]L raaM chaaM sap[t]L thangH sinF duuM khamM wiH saeht[n]L raaM chaaM sap[t]L khaangF naaFAffirmative Modifiers are modifiers which are expressions of calling out and requesting or of answering and response; these words show the melodiousness of the language. The use of these words also indicate that both the parties to the conversation have an informal or friendly relationship to each other. Words include the following: “jaa,” “khorap,” “woiy (high tone”), “wooy (high tone)” “wooy (mid tone)” as well as all the other response words included in the royal language modifiers (See the the list of royal language modifiers below.) [The text itself contains a separate section on royal language modifiers.] Sample sentences include: |
à»ç¹º·àª×èÍÁÃÐËÇèÒ§Áآ»ÃÐ⤠¡Ñº¤Ø³Ò¹Ø»ÃÐ⤫Öè§ÃÇÁàÃÕ¡ÇèÒÊѧ¡Ã»ÃÐ⤠bpenM bohtL cheuuamF raH waangL mookH khaL yaH bpraL yohkL gapL khooH naaM nooH bpraL yohkF seungF ruaamM riiakF waaF sangR gaawnM bpraL yohkL"[They] constitute connecting words between an independent clause (main clause) and a dependent clause (adjectival clause) which, when combined, produce a “complex sentence.”." |
à»ç¹º·àª×èÍÁÃÐËÇèÒ§Áآ»ÃÐ⤡ѺÇÔàÈɳҹػÃÐ⤠«Öè§ÃÇÁàÃÕ¡ Êѧ¡Ã»ÃÐ⤠bpenM bohtL cheuuamF raH waangL mookH khaL yaH bpraL yohkL gapL wiH saehtL naaM nooH bpraL yohkL seungF ruaamM riiakF sangR gaawnM bpraL yohkL[They] constitute connecting words between an independent clause (main clause) and a dependent clause (adverbial clause) which, when combined, produce a complex sentence. |
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¾Ç¡·ÕèàÃÕ¡¡Ñ¹ÇèÒ "ä·Â" ¹Õé ÁÕÃѰªÒµÔ¢Í§µ¹àͧà»ç¹ÍÔÊÃÐ ¡Í»Ã´éÇÂÍӹҨ͸ԻäµÂ phuaakF theeF riiakF ganM waaF thaiM neeH meeM ratH thaH chaatF khaawngR dtohnM aehngM bpenM itL saL raL gaawpL duayF amM naatF aL thipH bpaL dtaiM"This group which calls itself 'Thai' has an independent nation-state of its own and it possesses sovereignty also." |
Áô¡·Õè·Ôé§äÇéãËéÊѧ¤Áä·Â¤×Í¡Òõ×è¹µÑǢͧ¡ÅØèÁ»ÃЪҪ¹«Öè§àÃÕ¡¡Ñ¹ÇèÒÃÒ¡ËéÒ ¤¹¡ÅØèÁ¹ÕéäÁèà¤ÂÍÂÙèã¹Ç§¨Ã¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧä·ÂÁҡ仡ÇèÒŧ¤Ðá¹¹ã¹ËÕººÑµÃàÅ×Í¡µÑé§ maawM raH dohkL theeF thingH waiH haiF sangR khohmM thaiM kheuuM gaanM dteuunL dtuaaM khaawngR gloomL bpraL chaaM chohnM seungF riiakF ganM waaF raakF yaaF khohnM gloomL neeH maiF kheeuyM yuuL naiM wohngM jaawnM gaanM meuuangM thaiM maakF bpaiM gwaaL lohngM khaH naaenM naiM heepL bat[r]L leuuakF dtangF"A legacy which has been left to Thai society is the awakening of that segment of the Thai people called the “grassroots”. This group has [historically] not been within the circle of Thai politics for more than merely placing their votes in a ballot box." |
ÁÕ¢éͨӡѴ·Õèà¢ÒäÁèÊÒÁÒö»¯ÔºÑµÔµÒÁ¢éÍàÃÕ¡Ãéͧä´é «Öè§¶éÒÃѺ¿Ñ§ÍÂèÒ§¢Íä»·Õ ¡ç¹èÒà»ç¹Ëèǧ meeM khaawF jamM gatL theeF khaoR maiF saaR maatF bpaL dtiL batL dtaamM khaawF riiakF raawngH daiF seungF thaaF rapH fangM yaangL khaawR bpaiM theeM gaawF naaF bpenM huaangL"Due to existing limitations, they are not able to accede to the demands; however, if they do pay heed these demands merely in a perfunctory manner, there is real cause for concern." |
äÁèÁÕÊÔ·¸ÔàÃÕ¡ÃéͧÁÒ¡à¡Ô¹à赯 maiF meeM sitL thiH riiakF raawngH maakF geernM haehtLHe or she has no right to be overly demanding without good reason. |
àÃÕ¡öá·ç¡«ÕèáÅéÇÂѧ? riiakF rohtH thaekH seeF laaeoH yangM"Did you call the taxi?" |
àÃÕ¡áÅéǤèÐ riiakF laaeoH khaF[spoken by a female] "Yes, I did." |
àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ ÍÐÁѹ»ØÃÕ ÃÕÊÍÃìµ riiakF waaF aL manM bpooL reeM reeM saaw[r]dL"It's called Amanpuri Resort." |
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ÊÒÁÕËÃ×ÍÀÃÃÂÒÃÑ¡à´ÕÂÇã¨à´ÕÂÇ ÍÂèÒ§¹ÕéàÃÕ¡ÇèÒÃÑ¡ÉÒÊѨ¨ÐÁÑ蹤§ saaR meeM reuuR phanM raH yaaM rakH diaaoM jaiM diaaoM yaangL neeH riiakF waaF rakH saaR satL jaL manF khohngMHusbands and wives must maintain their loyalty to each other; this we call maintaining honesty and integrity which is everlasting. |
ËÒ¡¾ºÇèÒÃÒÂä˹äÁè¾ÃéÍÁ·Õè¨Ð´ÙáÅ»×¹ËÃ×ÍÁվĵԡÃÃÁ·ÕèäÁèªÍºÁÒ¾Ò¡Å ¡çãËéàÃÕ¡»×¹¡ÅѺ¤×¹Áҷѹ·Õ haakL phohpH waaF raayM naiR maiF phraawmH theeF jaL duuM laaeM bpeuunM reuuR meeM phreuH dtiL gamM theeF maiF chaawpF maaM phaaM gohnM gaawF haiF riiakF bpeuunM glapL kheuunM maaM thanM theeM"If they discover a case in which [the people] are not ready to take care of their weapon or are engaged in other suspicious behavior, they should immediately confiscate such weapons." |
͹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁäÁèªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹ àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×Í ÊÔè§¹Õé ÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ àªè¹ ã´ äà ä˹ ¡Õè ÍÐäà ·ÓäÁ ©Ñ¹ã´ àªè¹äà ÏÅÏ áµè¾Ö§ÊѧࡵÇèÒ ¤Ó¾Ç¡¹Õé¨ÐµéͧäÁèãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊÑ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ »Ä¨©ÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khamM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM maiF cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jamM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL neeH singL nanH chehnF daiM raiM naiR geeL aL raiM thamM maiM chanR daiM chehnF raiM dtaaeL pheungM sangR gaehtL waaF khamM phuaakF neeH jaL dtaawngF maiF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khamM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khamM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khamM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR riiakF waaF bpritL chaaR wiH saeht[n]L dtuaaM yaangL“Indefinite modifiers” are modifiers which express non-specificity or provide a delimiter that something is like this or that, or this thing or that thing; for example, the words “whatever,” “whichever,” “wherever,” “how,” “any,” “how many,” “which,” “why,” “why so ever,” and “how so ever.” However, one should observe that these words, in order to be indefinite modifiers, should not be used in interrogatory sentences or in sentences which indicate doubt; if these words are used in sentences which indicate interrogatories or doubts, they are called, “interrogatory modifiers.” [See below.] Examples include, |
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2. ¨ÐàÃÕ¡ jaL riiakF
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| definition | will call
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sample sentence | ¼Á¨ÐàÃÕ¡¤¹ÊǹãËéÁÒªèǤس phohmR jaL riiakF khohnM suaanR haiF maaM chuayF khoonM"I will call the gardener to help you." |
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