| | F.A.Q.Check out the list of frequently asked questions for a quick answer to your inquiry! | • e-mail the author • control panel • go to guestbook • guestbook archive • site news • site kudos | | | | Thanks for your recent donations!Jun 2, 2008: Very many thanks to a generous benefactor for a major donation Narisa N. $20 Dennis F. $10 Anderson K. H. $10 John Karl L. $50 Gavin K. $30 Sirintip M. $10 Anderson H. $10 David B. $10 William S. $10 Otto Y. $2 Philippe B. $30 Edna T. $10 William O. $70! Dinh T. $10 E. Paulson $15 Daryl L. $5 Jeffrey W. $25 Simon W. $10 Norman H. $5 | |
| | Get e-mail Sign-up to join our mailing list. You'll receive email notification when this site is updated. Your privacy is guaranteed; this list is not sold, shared, or used for any other purpose. Click here for more information. To unsubscribe, click here | |
|
|
|  | ºÍ¡ baawkL |  |
| contents of this page | | 1. | ºÍ¡ | baawkL | to say; tell; inform; mention; state; relate; let (someone) know | | 2. | äÁèà¤ÂºÍ¡ | maiF kheeuyM baawkL | has never mentioned; never said |
| pronunciation guide | | Phonemic Thai | ºÍ¡ | | IPA | bɔ̀ːk | | Royal Thai General System | bok |
| | | 1.  [verb]
| | definition | to say; tell; inform; mention; state; relate; let (someone) know
| | examples | ¤ÓºÍ¡ | khahmM baawkL | dictation | ¤ÓºÍ¡àÅèÒ | khahmM baawkL laoF | spoken word; hearsay | à¤Ã×èͧºÍ¡·ÔÈ·Ò§ÅÁ  | khreuuangF baawkL thitH thaangM lohmM | weathervane | | | ªèǺ͡¼Á | chuayF baawkL phohmR | please tell me... | ºÍ¡¡è͹ | baawkL gaawnL | (I’ll) tell (you) beforehand; Tell me first (and I’ll tell you) | ºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁ¨ÃÔ§  | baawkL khwaamM jingM | to admit; to admit; to tell (the truth) | ºÍ¡ÃѺà»ç¹ÊÁÒªÔ¡ | baawkL rapH bpenM saL maaM chikH | to subscribe | ºÍ¡ÃÒ¤Ò¼èÒ¹ÊÙ§ÁÒ¡ | baawkL raaM khaaM phaanL suungR maakF | to ask (demand) a high price for something | ºÍ¡àÅÔ¡  | baawkL leerkF | denounce; unsubscribe | ºÍ¡ÇèÒ | baawkL waaF | say; tell; state | ºÍ¡ãËé | baawkL haiF | to tell (someone) (something) | 㺺͡ | baiM baawkL | official public notice, announcement or circular | »éÒº͡ª×èͶ¹¹  | bpaayF baawkL cheuuF thaL nohnR | street sign | | | »éÒº͡àÇÅÒö俶֧áÅÐÍ͡ʶҹÕ bpaayF baawkL waehM laaM rohtH faiM theungR laeH aawkL saL thaaR neeMrailway arrival and departure board | »èÒÇÃéͧºÍ¡¡ÅèÒÇ | bpaaoL raawngH baawkL glaaoL | to announce publically; to proclaim | ¾Í¨ÐºÍ¡ä´éäËÁ¤ÃѺÇèÒ  | phaawM jaL baawkL daiF maiR khrapH waaF | [polite, colloquial] [spoken by a male] "Could you possibly tell me ...?" | sample sentences | ¡ÒÅÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×ͤÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺ¤ÓºÍ¡àÇÅÒ àªè¹ àªéÒ ÊÒ ºèÒ à·Õè§ àÂç¹ ¤èÓ Í´Õµ ͹Ҥµ »Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ gaanM wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL khahmM baawkL waehM laaM chehnF chaaoH saayR baayL thiiangF yenM khahmF aL deetL aL naaM khohtH bpatL jooL banM“Temporal modifiers” are modifying words which combine with other words to indicate time, for example: “early,” “late,” “afternoon,” “noon,” “evening,” “dusk,” “past,” “future,” and “current.” | | ¤¹´ÙÃéͧºÍ¡¤¹àÅè¹ãËéàÅ蹪éÒ æ khohnM duuM raawngH baawkL khohnM lehnF haiF lehnF chaaH chaaHThe spectators [people who are watching] are calling for the players [people who are playing] to play more slowly. | ¤Ø³¤Ð ªèÇÂ仺͡à´ç¡ æ ˹èÍÂà¶ÍÐÇèÒ ÍÂèÒàÍÐÍе֧µÑ§¡Ñ¹¹Ñ¡ khoonM khaH chuayF bpaiM baawkL dekL dekL naawyL thuhL waaF yaaL ehL aL dteungM dtangM ganM nakH"[a wife asking her husband to tell the kids at their party] Honey, could you please tell the kids to keep it down?" | | | ¶éÒà¢ÒÁÒàÁ×èÍäà â»Ã´ºÍ¡¼Á´éÇÂ thaaF khaoR maaM meuuaF raiM bprohtL baawkL phohmR duayF"Please inform me if and when he comes." | ¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×ÍÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ ÊÔè§¹Õé àªè¹ ¹Õè ¹Ñè¹ â¹è¹ ¹Õé ¹Ñé¹ â¹é¹ ·Ñé§¹Õé ·Ñé§¹Ñé¹ ÍÂèÒ§¹Õé ÍÂèÒ§¹Ñé¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ á·é ¨ÃÔ§ ੾ÒÐ àͧ ´Í¡ á¹è¹Í¹ ·Õà´ÕÂÇ à·ÕÂÇ à¨ÕÂÇ ÏÅÏ niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jahmM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL nanH singL neeH chehnF neeF nanF nohnF neeH nanH nohnH thangH neeH thangH nanH yaangL neeH yaangL nanH dangM neeH dangM nanH thaaeH jingM chaL phawH aehngM daawkL naaeF naawnM theeM diaaoM thiaaoM jiaaoM “Demonstrative modifiers” are modifiers which serve to specify or limit the related word to a specific meaning or a specific item; such words include, “this,” “that,” “that one over there,” “all of these,” “all of those,” “like this,” “like that,” “as follows,” “like this (or that),” “truly,” “specifically,” “only this,” “at all,” “certainly,” “absolutely,” “certainly,” “surely, positively,” etc. | ºÍ¡¤¹ÊǹãËéàªç´Ã¶ãËéÊÐÍÒ´ baawkL khohnM suaanR haiF chetH rohtH haiF saL aatL"Tell the gardener to clean the car well." | ºÍ¡¤¹ÊǹãËé¼Ù¡ÊعѢäÇé baawkL khohnM suaanR haiF phuukL sooL nakH waiH"Tell the gardener to tie up the dog." | ºÍ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹¹Ñº àªè¹ ˹Öè§ Êͧ ÊÒÁ ÊÕè ËéÒ ·Õè˹Öè§ ·ÕèÊͧ ·ÕèÊÒÁ ·ÕèÊÕè ·ÕèËéÒ ÏÅÏ ¨Ðãªéà»ç¹µÑÇàÅ¢ ËÃ×͵ÑÇ˹ѧÊ×Í¡çä´é baawkL jahmM nuaanM napH chehnF neungL saawngR saamR seeL haaF theeF neungL theeF saawngR theeF saamR theeF seeL theeF haaF jaL chaiH bpenM dtuaaM laehkF reuuR dtuaaM nangR seuuR gawF daiFTo indicate a counting number, such as “one ,” “two,” “three,” “four,” “five,” “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” “fifth,” etc.; in this context, both numerical and word notations may be used. | ºÍ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹»ÃÔÁÒ³ ¤×ÍÁÔä´éºÍ¡ªÑ´Å§ä»ÇèÒà·èÒ¹Ñé¹à·èÒ¹Õé à»ç¹áµè¡Ó˹´ÇèÒÁÒ¡ËÃ×͹éÍ«Ö觾ͨÐÃÙé¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂä´éâ´Â»ÃÔÁÒ³ àªè¹ ÁÒ¡ ¹éÍ ËÅÒ ·Ñé§ËÅÒ ¨Ø ·Ñ駻ǧ ·Ñé§ËÁ´ ºÃÃ´Ò ¤¹ÅÐ ÊÔè§ÅÐ µèÒ§ ºÒ§ ºéÒ§ ¡Ñ¹ ÏÅÏ àªè¹ baawkL jahmM nuaanM bpaL riH maanM kheuuM miH daiF baawkL chatH lohngM bpaiM waaF thaoF nanH thaoF neeH bpenM dtaaeL gahmM nohtL waaF maakF reuuR naawyH seungF phaawM jaL ruuH khwaamM maayR daiF dooyM bpaL riH maanM chehnF maakF naawyH laayR thangH laayR jooL thangH bpuaangM thangH mohtL banM daaM khohnM laH singL laH dtaangL baangM baangF ganM chehnFTo indicate a quantity, although it is not necessary that the number be precise; the modifier may indicate “many” or “a few” just to show an approximation of the amount. Examples include, “a lot,” “few,” “many,” “all of,” “much,” “the entirety of,” “all of,” “complete,” “each one of,” “one of,” “each and every,” “some,” “partly,” “each other,” etc. Some examples include: | | | | »ÃеԪÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»Ãк͡àÊÕ§ÃéͧàÃÕ¡áÅÐàÊÕ§¢Ò¹ÃѺ à¾×èÍáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁÊÅÐÊÅÇ¢ͧÀÒÉÒ áÅÐáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹¡Ñ¹àͧÃÐËÇèÒ§¼Ùé¾Ù´ àªè¹ ¨ëÒ ¢ÍÃѺ àÇé âÇé âÇ áÅкÃôҤӢÍÃѺ·Õè¡ÅèÒÇáÅéÇ㹤ÓÇÔàÈɳìÃÒªÒÈѾ·ì·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ (´Ù¤ÓÇÔàÈɳìÃÒªÒÈѾ·ì¢éҧ˹éÒ) bpraL dtitL chaH yaaM wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL baawkL siiangR raawngH riiakF laeH siiangR khaanR rapH pheuuaF saL daaengM khwaamM saL laL saL luayR khaawngR phaaM saaR laeH saL daaengM khwaamM bpenM ganM aehngM raH waangL phuuF phuutF chehnF jaaR khaawR rapH weeuyH wooyH wooyM laeH banM daaM khahmM khaawR rapH theeF glaaoL laaeoH naiM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L raaM chaaM sap[t]L thangH sinF duuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L raaM chaaM sap[t]L khaangF naaFAffirmative Modifiers are modifiers which are expressions of calling out and requesting or of answering and response; these words show the melodiousness of the language. The use of these words also indicate that both the parties to the conversation have an informal or friendly relationship to each other. Words include the following: “jaa,” “khorap,” “woiy (high tone”), “wooy (high tone)” “wooy (mid tone)” as well as all the other response words included in the royal language modifiers (See the the list of royal language modifiers below.) [The text itself contains a separate section on royal language modifiers.] Sample sentences include: | »ÃеÔàɸÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁ»¯Ôàʸ ËÃ×ÍäÁèÂÍÁÃѺ àªè¹ äÁè, ÁÔ ãªè, äÁèãªè, º, ºè, ºèÁÔ, ºÃÒ§, Ä, Äå, ÁÔä´é, äÁèä´é, ËÒäÁè, ËÒ...äÁè, ËÒÁÔä´é, äÁè...ÁÔä´é, äÁè...ËÒÁÔä´é ¤Ó»ÃеÔàɸÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¨Ð»¯Ôàʸ·Õè¹ÒÁ ÊÃþ¹ÒÁ ¡ÃÔÂÒ ËÃ×Í ÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¡çä´é bpraL dtiL saehtL wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM bpaL dtiL saehtL reuuR maiF yaawmM rapH chehnF maiF miH chaiF maiF chaiF baawM baawL baawL miH bawL raangM reuuM miH daiF maiF daiF haaR maiF haaR maiF haaR miH daiF maiF miH daiF maiF haaR miH daiF khahmM bpraL dtiL saehtL wiH saeht[n]L jaL bpaL dtiL saehtL theeF naamM sapL phaH naamM gaL riH yaaM reuuR wiH saeht[n]L gawF daiF“Negative modifiers” are modifying words which indicate refusal or unacceptability, for example, “not,” (etc.) [The meanings of the Thai words in the list are similar.] These negative modifiers can be associated with nouns, pronouns, verbs, or other modifiers. | »ÃÐÁÒ³ÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×ͤÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹ áºè§ÍÍ¡à»ç¹ ò ª¹Ô´¤×Í bpraL maanM wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL jahmM nuaanM baengL aawkL bpenM saawngR chaH nitH kheuuM“Quantitative modifiers” are modifiers which indicate amounts and are composed of two types | ÁѹÍÒ¨¨Ð¶Ù¡·Õèã¤ÃºÍ¡äÇé manM aatL jaL thuukL theeF khraiM baawkL waiH"Perhaps it's true what someone once said." | ÁÕÍÐäáçྨÁҺ͡¹Ð meeM aL raiM gawF phaehtF maaM baawkL naH"Should you have any info, page me." | ÅѡɳÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×ͤÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡ÅѡɳеèÒ§ æ àªè¹ ºÍ¡ª¹Ô´, ÊÕ, Êѳ°Ò¹, ¢¹Ò´, àÊÕ§, ÍÒ¡ÒÃ, ¡ÅÔè¹, ÃÊ, ¤ÇÒÁÃÙéÊÖ¡ à»ç¹µé¹ àªè¹ ´Õ, ªÑèÇ, ¢ÒÇ, ´Ó, ¡ÅÁ, ẹ, ãËè, àÅç¡, â¤ÃÁ, à»ÃÕé§, àÃçÇ, ªéÒ, ËÍÁ, àËÁç¹, à»ÃÕéÂÇ, ËÇÒ¹, Ãé͹, àÂç¹ ÏÅÏ lakH saL naL wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL lakH saL naL dtaangL dtaangL chehnF baawkL chaH nitH seeR sanR thaanR khaL naatL siiangR aaM gaanM glinL rohtH khwaamM ruuH seukL bpenM dtohnF chehnF deeM chuaaF khaaoR dahmM glohmM baaenM yaiL lekH khrohmM bpriiangF reoM chaaH haawmR menR bpriaaoF waanR raawnH yenM “Modifiers describing characteristics” which are combined with other words to describe various characteristics, such as describing the type, color, shape, size, sound, symptom, smell, taste, and feel, for example: “good,” “evil,” “white,” “black,” “round,” “flat,” “large,” “small,” “thudding,” “thundering,” “fast, “slow,” “fragrant,” “stinky,” “sour,” “sweet,” “hot,” “cold,” etc. | ʶҹÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×ͤÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡Ê¶Ò¹·Õè àªè¹ º¹ ÅèÒ§ à˹×Í ãµé ã¡Åé ä¡Å º¡ ¹éÓ ºéÒ¹ »èÒ ÏÅÏ saL thaanR naH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL saL thaanR theeF chehnF bohnM laangF neuuaR dtaiF glaiF glaiM bohkL naahmH baanF bpaaL “Locational modifiers” are those that enhance words to indicate location, for example, “over,” “under,” “above,” “below,” “near,” “far,” “on land,” “on the water,” “at home,” “in the forest,” etc. | àËç¹ÁÑéÂ...ºÍ¡áÅéÇä§! henR maiH baawkL laaeoH ngaiM"See what I mean? I told you so." | ͹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁäÁèªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹ àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×Í ÊÔè§¹Õé ÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ àªè¹ ã´ äà ä˹ ¡Õè ÍÐäà ·ÓäÁ ©Ñ¹ã´ àªè¹äà ÏÅÏ áµè¾Ö§ÊѧࡵÇèÒ ¤Ó¾Ç¡¹Õé¨ÐµéͧäÁèãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁ ËÃ×ÍʧÊѨ֧¨Ð¹ÑºÇèÒ à»ç¹Í¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¶éÒãªéã¹¢éͤÇÒÁ·Õèà»ç¹¤Ó¶ÒÁËÃ×ÍʧÊÑ àÃÕ¡ÇèÒ »Ä¨©ÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì µÑÇÍÂèÒ§ aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM maiF cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jahmM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL neeH singL nanH chehnF daiM raiM naiR geeL aL raiM thahmM maiM chanR daiM chehnF raiM dtaaeL pheungM sangR gaehtL waaF khahmM phuaakF neeH jaL dtaawngF maiF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR jeungM jaL napH waaF bpenM aL niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L thaaF chaiH naiM khaawF khwaamM theeF bpenM khahmM thaamR reuuR sohngR saiR riiakF waaF bpritL chaaR wiH saeht[n]L dtuaaM yaangL“Indefinite modifiers” are modifiers which express non-specificity or provide a delimiter that something is like this or that, or this thing or that thing; for example, the words “whatever,” “whichever,” “wherever,” “how,” “any,” “how many,” “which,” “why,” “why so ever,” and “how so ever.” However, one should observe that these words, in order to be indefinite modifiers, should not be used in interrogatory sentences or in sentences which indicate doubt; if these words are used in sentences which indicate interrogatories or doubts, they are called, “interrogatory modifiers.” [See below.] Examples include, | | | 2. äÁèà¤ÂºÍ¡ maiF kheeuyM baawkL [verb]
| | definition | has never mentioned; never said
| sample sentence | ¤Ø³äÁèà¤ÂºÍ¡©Ñ¹àÅÂÇèÒ Çѹ¹Ñ鹤س¨ÐÁÒ·Õè¹Õè khoonM maiF kheeuyM baawkL chanR leeuyM waaF wanM nanH khoonM jaL maaM theeF neeF"You never told me you were coming here." | | | click here to submit a correction, drawing, image, audio recording, or comment for this page
click here to e-mail this page to a friend 
page cached 7/9/2008 3:17:22 AM online source for this page
Copyright © 2008 thai-language.com. Portions copyright © by original authors, rights reserved, used by permission; Portions 17 USC §107. |