| |
|
1.  [preposition]
|
| definition | by; via; the method; route; way or mode of attainment
|
| examples | |
|
¡Òôٴ¡Å×¹â´ÂÍеÍÁ | gaanM duutL gleuunM dooyM aL dtaawmM | atomic absorption |
|
|
|
â´Â¡Óà¹Ô´ | dooyM gahmM neertF | native |
â´Âãªé | dooyM chaiH | via the use of; by the use of; through the use of |
â´Âµ¹àͧ | dooyM dtohnM aehngM | spontaneous |
â´ÂµÅÍ´ | dooyM dtaL laawtL | throughout |
â´Â·Ñ¹·Õ | dooyM thanM theeM | spontaneous |
â´Â¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ | dooyM thamM maH chaatF | spontaneous |
â´Â»ÃÔÂÒÂ | dooyM bpaL riH yaayM | implicitly; unquestioningly; tacitly; by implication |
â´Âä»ÃɳÕÂìÍÒ¡ÒÈ  | dooyM bpraiM saL nee[y]M aaM gaatL | via airmail |
â´Â¾ÄµÔ¹ÑÂ  | dooyM phritH naiM | de facto |
â´ÂäÁè  | dooyM maiF | without |
â´ÂäÁèä´é¤Ò´½Ñ¹ | dooyM maiF daiF khaatF fanR | unexpectedly |
|
â´ÂäÁèÁÕã¤Ã¡ÃеØé¹ | dooyM maiF meeM khraiM graL dtoonF | spontaneous |
â´ÂäÁèÃÙéµÑÇ | dooyM maiF ruuH dtuaaM | unconsciously; unaware |
â´ÂÅӾѧ  | dooyM lahmM phangM | to do something by oneself or alone |
â´ÂÊѹ´Ò¹ | dooyM sanR daanM | native |
|
¶éÒÊÃТͧ¾ÂÒ§¤ì˹éÒà»ç¹ÊÃÐÍ×è¹·ÕèäÁèãªèÊÃÐÍÐ ãËé·ÑºÈѾ·ìµÒÁÃÙ»¾ÂѪ¹ÐÀÒÉÒÍѧ¡ÄÉâ´ÂäÁèµéͧ«é͹¾ÂѪ¹Ð àªè¹ thaaF saL raL khaawngR phaH yaang[k]M naaF bpenM saL raL euunL theeF maiF chaiF saL raL aL haiF thapH sap[t]L dtaamM ruupF phaH yanM chaH naH phaaM saaR angM gritL dooyM maiF dtaawngF saawnH phaH yanM chaH naH chehnFIf the vowel associated with the first syllable is any vowel other than /-a-/, the consonant should be transcribed using the English consonant itself without doubling up the consonant, for example: |
º·â´Â | bohtL dooyM | screenplay/teleplay/script by … |
»ÃÐÇѵԺؤ¤Åâ´ÂÂèÍ | bpraL watL bookL khohnM dooyM yaawF | profile |
ä»â´Âà¤Ã×èͧºÔ¹  | bpaiM dooyM khreuuangF binM | to go by plane |
àÁ×èÍÁÕ¤¹»Ãзéǧ ¢ÑºäÅè¡çäÁè¤Çôѹ·ØÃѧ·Õè¨ÐµèÍÊÙé ¢Ñ´¢ÇÒ§ ãªé¡Åä¡ÃѰà¢éÒ»ÃÒº»ÃÒÁ ¨Ñº¡ØÁâ´Â¤Ô´ÇèҨзÓãËéÍÂÙèã¹ÍÓ¹Ò¨µèÍä» meuuaF meeM khohnM bpraL thuaangH khapL laiF gawF maiF khuaanM danM thooH rangM theeF jaL dtaawL suuF khatL khwaangR chaiH gohnM gaiM ratH khaoF bpraapL bpraamM japL goomM dooyM khitH waaF jaL thahmM haiF yuuL naiM ahmM naatF dtaawL bpaiMWhen people protest that (the government should be) driven out (of power), (politicians) should not stubbornly fight or resist; (they should not) use the mechanisms of the state to prevent (protest); or jail (the protesters), with an aim towards remaining in power; |
Âèͪ×èͺؤ¤Å ãËéà¢Õ¹â´ÂãÊè¨Ø´ áÅÐàÇ鹪èͧä¿ÃÐËÇèÒ§ª×è͡Ѻ¹ÒÁÊ¡ØÅ àªè¹ yaawF cheuuF bookL khohnM haiF khiianR dooyM saiL jootL laeH wehnH chaawngF faiM raH waangL cheuuF gapL naamM saL goonM chehnFInitial letters in a person’s name should be written with full stops or periods with a space between the first name abbreviations and the second name, for example: |
ÅéÍÁâ´ÂÃͺ | laawmH dooyM raawpF | to surround |
|
|
sample sentences | ¡Òö͹·ËÒõéͧ¢Öé¹ÍÂÙè¡ÑºÊ¶Ò¹¡Òóì áÅзÓẺ¤èÍÂà»ç¹¤èÍÂä» â´ÂÁըشÁØè§ËÁÒ¤×Í ¤ÇÒÁʧºÊØ¢¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈªÒµÔ gaanM thaawnR thaH haanR dtaawngF kheunF yuuL gapL saL thaanR gaan[n]M laeH thahmM baaepL khaawyF bpenM khaawyF bpaiM dooyM meeM jootL moongF maayR kheuuM khwaamM saL ngohpL sookL khaawngR bpraL thaehtF chaatF"Withdrawing the military must proceed by taking all factors into account and must be done gradually. The objective is to maintain peace and tranquility for the people." |
|
|
|
à¢ÒÃØ¡¦Òµ¤ÙèµèÍÊÙéâ´ÂäÁèÅѧàÅ khaoR rookH khaatF khuuF dtaawL suuF dooyM maiF langM laehM"He checkmated his opponent without hesitation." |
¤èÍÂãªé¤é͹¢¹Ò´àËÁÒÐÁ×ͧ͢ªèÒ§µºáµè§ãËéä´éÅѡɳРâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂàµÒà¼ÒãËéàËÅç¡Íè͹µÑÇ¡è͹µÕàªè¹¡Ñ¹ khaawyF chaiH khaawnH khaL naatL mawL meuuM khaawngR changF dtohpL dtaengL haiF daiF lakH saL naL dooyM aaM saiR dtaoM phaoR haiF lekL aawnL dtuaaM gaawnL dteeM chehnF ganMLittle by little, hammers of various appropriate sizes are used and the blade smith obtains the correct characteristics (of the knife) with the kiln softening the metal each time before it is hammered. |
|
|
à´ç¡ÍÒÂØÊÔº¢Çº¢Öé¹ä»à¢éÒªÁâ´ÂäÁèµéͧàÊÕ¤èÒ¼èÒ¹»ÃеÙ dekL aaM yooH sipL khuaapL kheunF bpaiM khaoF chohmM dooyM maiF dtaawngF siiaR khaaF phaanL bpraL dtuuM"Your child age 10 or above may attend with you free of charge" — "No admission fee required for your child age 10 or above." |
|
â´Â»¡µÔ ¤´ÕËÁÔè¹»ÃÐÁÒ·¶×Íà»ç¹¤´ÕÅËØâ·É ÁÕâ·ÉäÁèÃØ¹áç dooyM bpaL gaL dtiL khaH deeM minL bpraL maatL theuuR bpenM khaH deeM laH hooL thohtF meeM thohtF maiF roonM raaengM"Normally, a case (alleging) libel or slander is treated as a misdemeanor and does not entail severe penalties." |
â´ÂÁÕàµÒà¼Ò«Öè§ãªé¶èÒ¹ dooyM meeM dtaoM phaoR seungF chaiH thaanL(The blacksmith) used a kiln (or forge) fired by charcoal. |
|
â´ÂãËéÍÕ¡¤¹ËÇ´¡ÃÐ˹èÓ dooyM haiF eekL khohnM huaatL graL nahmL...another person would hammer at the metal bar (in turn). |
|
|
|
ºÍ¡¨Ó¹Ç¹»ÃÔÁÒ³ ¤×ÍÁÔä´éºÍ¡ªÑ´Å§ä»ÇèÒà·èÒ¹Ñé¹à·èÒ¹Õé à»ç¹áµè¡Ó˹´ÇèÒÁÒ¡ËÃ×͹éÍ«Ö觾ͨÐÃÙé¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂä´éâ´Â»ÃÔÁÒ³ àªè¹ ÁÒ¡ ¹éÍ ËÅÒ ·Ñé§ËÅÒ ¨Ø ·Ñ駻ǧ ·Ñé§ËÁ´ ºÃÃ´Ò ¤¹ÅÐ ÊÔè§ÅÐ µèÒ§ ºÒ§ ºéÒ§ ¡Ñ¹ ÏÅÏ àªè¹ baawkL jahmM nuaanM bpaL riH maanM kheuuM miH daiF baawkL chatH lohngM bpaiM waaF thaoF nanH thaoF neeH bpenM dtaaeL gahmM nohtL waaF maakF reuuR naawyH seungF phaawM jaL ruuH khwaamM maayR daiF dooyM bpaL riH maanM chehnF maakF naawyH laayR thangH laayR jooL thangH bpuaangM thangH mohtL banM daaM khohnM laH singL laH dtaangL baangM baangF ganM chehnFTo indicate a quantity, although it is not necessary that the number be precise; the modifier may indicate “many” or “a few” just to show an approximation of the amount. Examples include, “a lot,” “few,” “many,” “all of,” “much,” “the entirety of,” “all of,” “complete,” “each one of,” “one of,” “each and every,” “some,” “partly,” “each other,” etc. Some examples include: |
|
ä»ÅÓ»Ò§â´Âöä¿ãªéàÇÅÒ¹Ò¹à·èÒääÃѺ bpaiM lahmM bpaangM dooyM rohtH faiM chaiH waehM laaM naanM thaoF raiM khrapH"How long does it take to get to Lampang by train?" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ÃÒ¡°Ò¹ÈÕŸÃÃÁ¨ÃÃÂÒ â´Â੾ÒШҡ¾Ãоط¸ÈÒʹҫÖè§à»ç¹¾×é¹à´ÔÁ ¤Å͹á¤Å¹àÊ×èÍÁ·ÃشŧàÃ×èÍ æ raakF thaanR seenR laH thamM janM yaaM dooyM chaL phawH jaakL phraH phootH saatL saL naaR seungF bpenM pheuunH deermM khlaawnM khlaaenM seuuamL sootH lohngM reuuayF reuuayF"The base of morality, especially from the Buddhist (institutions) which were the original source (of such morality), is becoming unstable and is steadily deteriorating." |
|