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1.  [adjective, adverb]
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| definition | by one's self; on one's own; personally; myself; oneself
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| examples | ¡Å×¹¹éÓÅÒµÑÇàͧ | gleuunM naahmH laayM dtuaaM aehngM | to break a promise; to go back on one's word |
¤¹¡Ñ¹àͧ  | khohnM ganM aehngM | intimate; acquaintance |
¡Ñ¹àͧ  | ganM aehngM | easy; friendly; not standing on ceremony |
©Ñ¹¨ÐªèǤسàͧ | chanR jaL chuayF khoonM aehngM | "I'll help you myself." |
©Ñ¹àͧ | chanR aehngM | myself |
µ¹àͧ  | dtohnM aehngM | oneself |
µÑÇàͧ  | dtuaaM aehngM | yourself; self; alone; oneself; by oneself; own; one's own |
ºÃÔ¡ÒêèǵÑÇàͧ  | bawL riH gaanM chuayF dtuaaM aehngM | self-service |
à»ç¹¡Ñ¹àͧ  | bpenM ganM aehngM | informal |
à»ç¹¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´¢Í§¼Áàͧ  | bpenM khwaamM phitL khaawngR phohmR aehngM | Mea culpa |
à»ç¹àͧ  | bpenM aehngM | spontaneously |
¼Á¼Ô´àͧ  | phohmR phitL aehngM | Mea culpa |
¾Íã¨ã¹µÑÇàͧ  | phaawM jaiM naiM dtuaaM aehngM | smug |
öàªèҢѺàͧ  | rohtH chaoF khapL aehngM | self-drive rental car |
ÊÔè§·Õèà¢ÒàÅ×Í¡àͧ  | singL theeF khaoR leuuakF aehngM | the thing(s) that he/she chooses himself/herself |
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à¢Òä´éÂÔ¹àÊÕ§âËÂËǹ ÅÍÂÁÒµÒÁÅÁÂÒÁ´Ö¡ áµè¤Ô´ÇèÒ¤§¨ÐËÙ½Ò´ä»àͧ khaoR daiF yinM siiangR yohR huaanR laawyM maaM dtaamM lohmM yaamM deukL dtaaeL khitH waaF khohngM jaL huuR faatL bpaiM aehngM"His ears caught a faint, eerie and painful groan wafting through the midnight air, but he thought that he might probably be mishearing." |
à¢ÒÂѧ¤§à´Ô¹Ë¹éÒ¡ÃЪѺÍÓ¹Ò¨µÑÇàͧáÅФ¹ã¡ÅéªÔ´ ÍÂèÒ§¹èҨѺµÒ khaoR yangM khohngM deernM naaF graL chapH ahmM naatF dtuaaM aehngM laeH khohnM glaiF chitH yaangL naaF japL dtaaM"He continues to move ahead and strengthen (both) his personal power and of those who are close to him in a truly noteworthy manner." |
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©Ñ¹¨Ð¢ÑºÃ¶¤Ñ¹¹Ñé¹àͧ chanR jaL khapL rohtH khanM nanH aehngM"I will drive that car myself." |
©Ñ¹¨Ð¢ÑºÃ¶àͧ chanR jaL khapL rohtH aehngM"I will drive the car myself." |
©Ñ¹àͧäÁèä´é¾Ù´´Ñ§¹Ñé¹´Í¡ chanR aehngM maiF daiF phuutF dangM nanH daawkLI, myself, did not speak like that at all. |
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¹Ñè¹Ã¶¢Í§à¢Òàͧ nanF rohtH khaawngR khaoR aehngM"That is his own car." |
¹ÒÂÊÁѤà àͧ ¼èÒ¹Ãé͹¼èҹ˹ÒÇ·Ò§¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧÁÒÁÒ¡ ÃÙé¨Ñ¡¼è͹ ÃÙé¨Ñ¡àÃè§ naayM saL mak[r]L aehngM phaanL raawnH phaanL naaoR thaangM gaanM meuuangM maaM maakF ruuH jakL phaawnL ruuH jakL rehngF"Mr. Samak himself has been through political very good times and very bad times; he knows when to slow down and when to speed up." |
¹ÔÂÁÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»ÃСͺºÍ¡¤ÇÒÁªÕé੾ÒÐ ËÃ×ͨӡѴŧä»ÇèÒà»ç¹àªè¹¹Ñé¹àªè¹¹Õé ËÃ×ÍÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ ÊÔè§¹Õé àªè¹ ¹Õè ¹Ñè¹ â¹è¹ ¹Õé ¹Ñé¹ â¹é¹ ·Ñé§¹Õé ·Ñé§¹Ñé¹ ÍÂèÒ§¹Õé ÍÂèÒ§¹Ñé¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ á·é ¨ÃÔ§ ੾ÒÐ àͧ ´Í¡ á¹è¹Í¹ ·Õà´ÕÂÇ à·ÕÂÇ à¨ÕÂÇ ÏÅÏ niH yaH maH wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL gaawpL baawkL khwaamM cheeH chaL phawH reuuR jahmM gatL lohngM bpaiM waaF bpenM chehnF nanH chehnF neeH reuuR singL nanH singL neeH chehnF neeF nanF nohnF neeH nanH nohnH thangH neeH thangH nanH yaangL neeH yaangL nanH dangM neeH dangM nanH thaaeH jingM chaL phawH aehngM daawkL naaeF naawnM theeM diaaoM thiaaoM jiaaoM “Demonstrative modifiers” are modifiers which serve to specify or limit the related word to a specific meaning or a specific item; such words include, “this,” “that,” “that one over there,” “all of these,” “all of those,” “like this,” “like that,” “as follows,” “like this (or that),” “truly,” “specifically,” “only this,” “at all,” “certainly,” “absolutely,” “certainly,” “surely, positively,” etc. |
¹Õèä§ ÍÂÙèµÃ§¹Õéàͧ neeF ngaiM yuuL dtrohngM neeH aehngM"Here it is. It's right here." |
»ÃеԪÒÇÔàÈÉ³ì ¤×Í ¤ÓÇÔàÈɳì·Õè»Ãк͡àÊÕ§ÃéͧàÃÕ¡áÅÐàÊÕ§¢Ò¹ÃѺ à¾×èÍáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁÊÅÐÊÅÇ¢ͧÀÒÉÒ áÅÐáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹¡Ñ¹àͧÃÐËÇèÒ§¼Ùé¾Ù´ àªè¹ ¨ëÒ ¢ÍÃѺ àÇé âÇé âÇ áÅкÃôҤӢÍÃѺ·Õè¡ÅèÒÇáÅéÇ㹤ÓÇÔàÈɳìÃÒªÒÈѾ·ì·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ (´Ù¤ÓÇÔàÈɳìÃÒªÒÈѾ·ì¢éҧ˹éÒ) bpraL dtitL chaH yaaM wiH saeht[n]L kheuuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L theeF bpraL baawkL siiangR raawngH riiakF laeH siiangR khaanR rapH pheuuaF saL daaengM khwaamM saL laL saL luayR khaawngR phaaM saaR laeH saL daaengM khwaamM bpenM ganM aehngM raH waangL phuuF phuutF chehnF jaaR khaawR rapH weeuyH wooyH wooyM laeH banM daaM khahmM khaawR rapH theeF glaaoL laaeoH naiM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L raaM chaaM sap[t]L thangH sinF duuM khahmM wiH saeht[n]L raaM chaaM sap[t]L khaangF naaFAffirmative Modifiers are modifiers which are expressions of calling out and requesting or of answering and response; these words show the melodiousness of the language. The use of these words also indicate that both the parties to the conversation have an informal or friendly relationship to each other. Words include the following: “jaa,” “khorap,” “woiy (high tone”), “wooy (high tone)” “wooy (mid tone)” as well as all the other response words included in the royal language modifiers (See the the list of royal language modifiers below.) [The text itself contains a separate section on royal language modifiers.] Sample sentences include: |
à»ç¹¾¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¼Áàͧ bpenM phaH nakH ngaanM phohmR aehngM"Let it be my responsibility." |
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ÃѰàͧÁͧÇèÒ¡ÒüÅÔµÊÔ¹¤éÒ¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃµéͧ´ÙãËéà»ç¹Ãкº ¤×Í ÁÕ¼ÙéÊè§ÍÍ¡ ÁÕâçÊÕ ¾èͤéÒ ¤¹¡ÅÒ§ áÅÐ à¡ÉµÃ¡Ãàͧ ratH aehngM maawngM waaF gaanM phaL litH sinR khaaH gaanM gaL saeht[r]L dtaawngF duuM haiF bpenM raH bohpL kheuuM meeM phuuF sohngL aawkL meeM rohngM seeR phaawF khaaH khohnM glaangM laeH gaL saeht[r]L gaawnM aehngMThe government believes that the production of agricultural goods must appear orderly—that is, that there are exporters, millers, middlemen, and (of course) the farmers themselves. |
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Çѹ¹Õ館³äÁèµéͧ仵ÅÒ´ ©Ñ¹¨Ð«×éÍÍÒËÒÃàͧ wanM neeH khoonM maiF dtaawngF bpaiM dtaL laatL chanR jaL seuuH aaM haanR aehngM"You need not go to the market today. I will buy the food myself." |
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˹éÒ˹ѧÊ×;ÔÁ¾ìàͧ¡ç¹Óàʹ͢èÒÇÊÒáÒÃàÅ×Í¡µÑé§ à»Ô´ÇÔ·ÂØ¡çä´éÂÔ¹à»Ô´·ÕÇÕ¡çä´éàËç¹ naaF nangR seuuR phim[p]M aehngM gawF nahmM saL nuuhrR khaaoL saanR gaanM leuuakF dtangF bpeertL witH thaH yooH gawF daiF yinM bpeertL theeM weeM gawF daiF henR"The front pages of the newspapers inform us regarding the elections; we hear (election news) on the radio and we see (election results) on the T.V." |
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2.  [pronoun]
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| definition | oneself
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| examples | à¢Òàͧ | khaoR aehngM | himself; herself; themselves |
´éǵÑǩѹàͧ | duayF dtuaaM chanR aehngM | by myself (spoken by a female) |
´éǵÑǼÁàͧ | duayF dtuaaM phohmR aehngM | by myself (spoken by a male) |
µ¹àͧ | dtohnM aehngM | oneself |
â´Âµ¹àͧ | dooyM dtohnM aehngM | personally |
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3.  [adverb, colloquial]
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| definition | [used in conjunction withá¤è ] only
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sample sentence | äÁèà¡èÒ¤ÃѺ...à¾Ôè§ÊÃéÒ§ÁÒä´éá¤èËéÒ»Õàͧ maiF gaoL khrapH pheerngF saangF maaM daiF khaaeF haaF bpeeM aehngM[spoken by a male] "No, not old, (built) only about five years." |
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